2002 West Papua earthquake

Earthquake in Indonesia May 2025 May 2025 2002 West Papua earthquake Indonesia Western New Guinea 2002-10-10 10:50:20 3477279 usp000be54 2002 10 10 19:50:20 WIT (UTC+9) 3 minutes w y 7.5 23.6 km mi on -1.757 134.297 region:ID_type:event inline,title Ransiki Fault Strike-slip West Papua Province, Indonesia More than 2,100 structures damaged or destroyed X 5 m ft Yes 41 ≥w4.0Strongest: w6.4 138 ≥w4.0 (as of 12/31/2002)Strongest: w6.7 8 fatalities, 632 injuries On 10 October 2002, at 19:50:20 WIT (10:50 UTC), a w 7.5 earthquake struck the Bird's Head Peninsula in West Papua Province, Indonesia, at a depth of 23.6 km mi. A strike-slip event triggered by a rupture on the Ransiki Fault, it killed eight people, injured more than 630, and damaged or destroyed more than 2,100 structures in Manokwari, South Manokwari, Arfak Mountains and Wondama Bay Regencies. A large tsunami was also triggered, damaging dozens of homes in Manokwari. The mainshock was preceded by more than 40 foreshocks, including two w6.0+ events, in addition to nearly 140 strong aftershocks, including a w6.7 event, being recorded in the region throughout the remainder of 2002. Tectonic setting 200px|left|thumb|Tectonic map of the New Guinea region with relative plate motion. New Guinea lies within a very complex tectonic regime surrounded by microplates which accommodate the collision and oblique convergence between the Australian plate and the Pacific plate.Koulali A. Tregoning Paul Mcclusky Simon Stanaway Richard Wallace L. Lister Gordon New Insights into the present-day kinematics of the central and western Papua New Guinea from GPS Geophysical Journal International 2015 202 2 202 10.1093/gji/ggv200 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280047740 free 1885/104031 free In the north, the Caroline plate and North Bismarck plate subduct underneath the Bird's Head plate and the Woodlark plate along the New Guinea Trench.Wallace Laura M. Stevens Colleen Silver Eli McCaffrey Rob Loratung Wesley Hasiata Suvenia Stanaway Richard Curley Robert Rosa Robert Taugaloidi Jones GPS and seismological constraints on active tectonics and arc-continent collision in Papua New Guinea: Implications for mechanics of microplate rotations in a plate boundary zone J. Geophys. Res. 18 May 2004 109 109 10.1029/2003JB002481 2004JGRB..109.5404W free Tregoning Paul Plate kinematics in the western Pacific derived from geodetic observations http://rses.anu.edu.au/geodynamics/tregoning/15.pdf Australian National University 3 May 2025 15 June 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220615142827/http://rses.anu.edu.au/geodynamics/tregoning/15.pdf live Bird P. An updated digital model of plate boundaries Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 2003 4 3 1027 10.1029/2001GC000252 2003GGG.....4.1027B 9127133 free The earthquake occurred at the central portion of the trench. The western portion of New Guinea has parallel subduction zones to the north and south of it along a continuation of the Philippine Trench and a convergent boundary between the Bird's Head plate and the Banda Sea plate.Kaymacki Nuretdin Decker John Orange Dan Teas Philip van Heiningen Peter International Conference and Exhibition, Melbourne, Australia 13-16 September 2015 Tectonic Characteristics and Evolution Banda Sea Region September 2015 90 10.1190/ice2015-2205090 131074367 https://doi.org/10.1190/ice2015-2205090 3 May 2025 13 September 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220913025843/https://library.seg.org/doi/10.1190/ice2015-2205090 live In western central New Guinea, the Maoke plate has multiple boundaries with various plates.Fawzy Ismullah Massinai Muhammad Resky Ariansyah Muh Trisartika Sirumpa Riana Altin Massinai Muhammad Relative present-day motion on Palu-Koro Fault IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science October 2020 575 575 012185 10.1088/1755-1315/575/1/012185 2020E&ES..575a2185F 228963531 free At the far eastern portion of the island, the South Bismarck plate interacts with the Woodlark plate, as well as the Solomon Sea plate subducting underneath the Woodlark plate. The largest on-land plate boundary in the region, however, is between the Woodlark plate and the Australian plate. This region of the New Guinea Trench experienced two large earthquakes in 1914 and 1996.The Mw 8.2, 17 February 1996 Biak, Indonesia, earthquake: Rupture history, aftershocks, and fault plane properties C. Henry S. Das Journal of Geophysical Research 107 2312 B11 10.1029/2001JB000796 2002JGRB..107.2312H 2002 free Other powerful tremors struck nearby areas in 1944,M 7.6 - 5 km SW of Manokwari, Indonesia 1944 iscgem899365 1975 and 2009. Earthquake Estimated number of people exposed to shaking levels MMI Population exposure10 wikitable 5k9 wikitable 2k8 wikitable 8k7 wikitable 15k6 wikitable 168k Striking at 19:50:20 WIT (10:50:20 UTC), the mainshock magnitude was reported as w y 7.5 by the International Seismological Centre,Adi Saputra Fergusson Murray-Wallace 2023 wc y 7.6 or e y 8.2 by the United States Geological Survey,M 7.6 - 102 km SSE of Manokwari, Indonesia 2002 usp000be54 s y 7.7 by the National Centers for Environmental Information and l y 7.4 by the Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre,Five dead and severe damage in powerful Indonesian quake http://www.reliefweb.int/w/rwb.nsf/480fa8736b88bbc3c12564f6004c8ad5/360c2a1917b07f68c1256c4f0049621d?OpenDocument ReliefWeb 11 October 2002 3 May 2025 https://web.archive.org/web/20050113104246/http://www.reliefweb.int/w/rwb.nsf/480fa8736b88bbc3c12564f6004c8ad5/360c2a1917b07f68c1256c4f0049621d?OpenDocument 13 January 2005 However, many news sources initially gave the earthquake a magnitude of 6.4. The earthquake's offshore epicenter was located off the southeastern coastline of the Bird's Head Peninsula in West Papua Province. The focal mechanism is consistent with strike-slip faulting on either a left-lateral, northeast-striking fault or a right-lateral, northwest-striking fault. The earthquake rupture occurred on the northwest-trending Ransiki Fault.Adi Saputra Fergusson Murray-Wallace 2023 Rumberpon Island, part of Wondama Bay Regency, was the closest area to the earthquake's epicenter, which was located 7 km mi east of the island's coast. A maximum Modified Mercalli intensity (MMI) of X (Extreme) was estimated,EXPO-CAT Earthquake Catalog https://earthquake.usgs.gov/static/lfs/data/pager/catalogs/ December 1, 2008 United States Geological Survey Version 2007-12 3 May 2025 with Manokwari town recording MMI V-VI (Moderate-Strong) shaking, according to ShakeMap parameters. Tremors from the earthquake lasted three minutes. An intense sequence of foreshocks, 41 of which measured w 4.0 or higher, preceded the mainshock, starting with a w 5.1 event on 3 April,M 5.1 - 105 km S of Manokwari, Indonesia 2002 usp000b1n9 with activity in the region rapidly increasing starting in late-August.USGS earthquake catalog United States Geological Survey https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/map/?extent=-2.91551,132.46765&extent=-1.04904,135.8075&range=search&timeZone=utc&search=%7B%22name%22:%22Search%20Results%22,%22params%22:%7B%22endtime%22:%222002-10-10T10:50:20.570Z%22,%22latitude%22:-1.757,%22longitude%22:134.297,%22maxradiuskm%22:130,%22minmagnitude%22:4,%22starttime%22:%222002-04-02T03:50:20.570Z%22%7D%7D The two largest foreshocks measured w 6.0 and w 6.4 and struck on 20 September,M 6.0 - 97 km S of Manokwari, Indonesia 2002 usp000bcqeM 6.4 - 92 km SSE of Manokwari, Indonesia 2002 usp000bcqu with both events having a maximum MMI of VIII (Severe). After the w 7.6 mainshock on 10 October, 138 aftershocks measuring w 4.0 or higher struck by the end of 2002. Despite the mainshock's southwest-northeast trending rupture, a majority of aftershocks occurred up to 270 km mi south-southeast of the mainshock's epicenter along a northwest-southeast trending area.USGS earthquake catalog United States Geological Survey https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/map/?extent=-4.58738,131.63818&extent=-0.8569,138.31787&range=search&timeZone=utc&search=%7B%22name%22:%22Search%20Results%22,%22params%22:%7B%22endtime%22:%222002-12-31T23:50:20.570Z%22,%22latitude%22:-1.757,%22longitude%22:134.297,%22maxradiuskm%22:230,%22minmagnitude%22:4,%22starttime%22:%222002-10-10T10:50:20.570Z%22%7D%7D The largest aftershock, measuring w 6.7, occurred struck northwest of the mainshock at 12:28 UTC,M 6.7 - 72 km S of Manokwari, Indonesia 2002 usp000be5x and had a maximum MMI of VIII. Other effects A large local tsunami was triggered, striking the towns of Oransburi and Ransiki at a height of 3-5 m ft. In Manokwari, the tsunami was 1 m ft high. Soil liquefaction occurred at coastal areas of Manokwari, Oransbari and Ransiki, and subsidence of 2-3 m ft was observed at Oransbari. Damage and casualties Eight people were killed and 632 others suffered injuries, of which 172 were seriously hurt.Indonesia - Earthquake OCHA Situation Report No. 2 https://reliefweb.int/report/indonesia/indonesia-earthquake-ocha-situation-report-no-2-2 15 October 2002 3 May 2025 OCHA ReliefWeb More than 1,900 homes were affected to varying degrees, with over 1,000 collapsing or suffering severe damage and 900 more receiving minor-to-moderate damage, along with 14 mosques, 46 churches, 44 office buildings, 21 schools, 7 halls, 2 markets, 30 km mi of road, 5 bridges, and 71 other buildings.Indonesia - Earthquake OCHA Situation Report No. 3 https://reliefweb.int/report/indonesia/indonesia-earthquake-ocha-situation-report-no-3-0 1 November 2002 3 May 2025 OCHA ReliefWeb Nine sub-districts of South Manokwari Regency were affected, with access to them being difficult due to many fallen trees and landslides blocking roads.Indonesia - OCHA Consolidated Situation Report No. 97 https://reliefweb.int/report/indonesia/indonesia-ocha-consolidated-situation-report-no-97 OCHA 11 October 2002 ReliefWeb Five fatalities and 172 injuries were reported in Ransiki, where 88 homes collapsed and a 3 km mi long surface rupture was observed. Among the dead were two infants crushed by collapsing homes and a man killed by falling debris at a local mosque. At least 230 homes were destroyed and 284 were damaged in Oransburi. On Rumberpon Island, the closest area to the epicenter, one person was seriously injured, many homes were levelled and 1,387 people in 298 families were affected.Indonesia - OCHA Consolidated Situation Report No. 98 https://reliefweb.int/report/indonesia/indonesia-ocha-consolidated-situation-report-no-98 18 October 2002 3 May 2025 OCHA ReliefWeb Two deaths, 10 injuries and 127 collapsed homes were reported in Anggi. In Manokwari, eight homes, two bridges, a church, a mosque and a road were damaged.Indonesia (Papua Province): Earthquake Emergency Response Appeal No. 30/02 https://reliefweb.int/report/indonesia/indonesia-papua-province-earthquake-emergency-response-appeal-no-3002 18 October 2002 3 May 2025 IFRC ReliefWeb A subsequent tsunami struck the town and other areas surrounding the Doreri Bay, damaging dozens of homes and submerging areas in seawater up to 30 cm ft deep. Response The District Head of Manokwari and a joint team from Satlak PBP Manokwari returned on 13 October from a two-day visit to Rumberpon Island, the closest area to the earthquake epicenter and an affected sub-district of South Manokwari Regency.The team brought five megatons of rice, 50 cartons of instant noodles and sardines, 500 grams of sugar and other foodstuffs to the affected area. The team also delivered 20 tents for temporary shelter. Medicinal assistance was brought in to prevent diarrhea, malaria, and upper-respiratory tract infections. On 15 October, the team delivered the same assistance to Ransiki and Oransbari sub-districts using a naval ship. The Indonesian Red Cross (Palang Merah Indonesia) brought in two people from their central Disaster Management Committee to the PMI Jayapura branch to add to their team of 30 volunteers on site. PMI donated 150 family kits and 150 tarpaulins to displaced families. The Satlak Coordinator of Manokwari reported on 25 October that the distribution of assistance had been distributed to the victims of the earthquake in 3 of the 9 affected districts. A total of 23 megatons of rice, 6 packs of tea, 1 megaton of sugar, 340 packs of foodstuffs, 234 tents, 50 sacks of cement, and 5 bales of medicine were delivered to Manokwari, Oransbari and Ransiki sub-districts. Even though Indonesia did not request external assistance, the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) issued on 18 October an appeal for US$254,000 to respond to the immediate needs of 4,000 affected families, in particular shelter and household items, as well as shelter rehabilitation needs. See also Earth sciences Indonesia List of earthquakes in 2002 List of earthquakes in Indonesia List of tsunamis 2002 Sandaun earthquake 2010 Papua earthquake References Citations ISC-GEM Global Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue (1904–2018) http://www.isc.ac.uk/iscgem/index.php ISC 2022 International Seismological Centre Version 9.1 Significant Earthquake Database https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/5656 National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS) National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA 10.7289/V5TD9V7K 1972 Data Set Sources Ransiki earthquakes, northeastern Bird's Head Peninsula, northwestern New Guinea, Indonesia: Deformation partitioning in oblique plate convergence Sukahar Eka Adi Saputra Christopher Fergusson Colin Murray-Wallace Journal of Geodynamics December 2023 10.1016/j.jog.2023.101999 158 101999 free 2023JGeo..15801999S Elsevier External links 3477279 eq-2002-000643-idn Category:2002 disasters in Asia Category:2002 disasters in Indonesia Category:2002 earthquakes Category:October 2002 in Asia 2002 earthquake Category:2002 tsunamis 2002 Category:Tsunamis in Indonesia