1842 in science

none 1842 science 1842 The year 1842 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below. Biochemistry October 5 – Josef Groll brews the first pilsner light lager beer in the city of Pilsen, Bohemia (modern-day Czech Republic). Botany Nathaniel Bagshaw Ward publishes On the Growth of Plants in Closely Glazed Cases in London, promoting his concept of the Wardian case.David Hershey Doctor Ward's Accidental Terrarium The American Biology Teacher 58 5 276–281 1996 10.2307/4450151 4450151 Exploration Antarctic explorer James Clark Ross charts the eastern side of James Ross Island and on January 23 reaches a Farthest South of 78°09'30"S.Coleman E. C. The Royal Navy in Polar Exploration, from Frobisher to Ross Tempus Publishing Stroud 2006 978-0-7524-3660-9 335 Medicine January – American medical student William E. Clarke of Berkshire Medical College becomes the first person to administer an inhaled anesthetic to facilitate a surgical procedure. After Clarke uses a towel and ether to anesthetize a patient identified as "Miss Hobbie", Dr. Elijah Pope carries out a dental extraction.Artificial anaesthesia and anaesthetics History of anaesthesia 6 Lyman, H. M. 1881 William Wood and Company New York https://books.google.com/books?id=xNEIAQAAIAAJ&q=Artificial%20anaesthesia%20and%20anaesthetics&pg=PA68 2010-09-13 March 30 – American physician and pharmacist Crawford Long administers an inhaled anesthetic (diethyl ether) to facilitate a surgical procedure (removal of a neck tumor).Long C. W. An account of the first use of Sulphuric Ether by Inhalation as an Anæsthetic in Surgical Operations Southern Medical and Surgical Journal 5 705–13 1849 http://journals.lww.com/surveyanesthesiology/Citation/1991/12000/An_Account_of_the_First_Use_of_Sulphuric_Ether_by.49.aspx 2012-06-12https://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2007/03/dayintech_0330 March 30, 1842: It's Lights Out, Thanks to Ether Wired Long Tony 2007-03-30 2007-12-29 English surgeon William Bowman publishes On the Structure and Use of the Malpighian Bodies of the Kidney,Presented to the Royal Society of London. identifying Bowman's capsule, a key component of the nephron. Edwin Chadwick's critical Report on an inquiry into the Sanitary Condition of the Labouring Population of Great Britain is published by the Poor Law Commission.http://www.icons.org.uk/theicons/icons-timeline/1840-1860 Icons, a portrait of England 1840–1860 2007-09-13 https://web.archive.org/web/20070817165102/http://www.icons.org.uk/theicons/icons-timeline/1840-1860 2007-08-17 dead Paleontology British palaeontologist Richard Owen coins the name Dinosauria, hence the Anglicized dinosaur.Owen, R. (1842). "Report on British Fossil Reptiles." Part II. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, Plymouth, England. Physics Christian Doppler proposes the Doppler effect."Über das farbige Licht der Doppelsterne und einiger anderer Gestirne des Himmels – Versuch einer das Bradley'sche Theorem als integrirenden Theil in sich schliessenden allgemeineren Theorie" ("On the coloured light of the binary refracted stars and other celestial bodies – Attempt of a more general theory including Bradley's theorem as an integral part"). Abhandlungen der kaiserlichen bõhm. Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Prag (Prague) V Folge 2. 25 May 1842. Julius Robert von Mayer proposes that work and heat are equivalent.von Mayer J. R. 1842 Bemerkungen über die Kräfte der unbelebten Nature ("Remarks on the forces of inorganic nature") Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie 43 2 233–40 10.1002/jlac.18420420212 2027/umn.319510020751527 free This is independently discovered in 1843 by James Prescott Joule, who names it "mechanical equivalent of heat". Technology January 8 – Delft University of Technology established by William II of the Netherlands as a 'Royal Academy for the education of civilian engineers'.http://www.tudelft.nl/live/pagina.jsp?id=300c4edd-74f6-4f4d-a5cd-42a70682cb98&lang=en History of the university TU Delft 2012-07-10 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20080228094426/http://www.tudelft.nl/live/pagina.jsp?id=300c4edd-74f6-4f4d-a5cd-42a70682cb98&lang=en 2008-02-28 February 21 – John Greenough is granted the first U.S. patent for the sewing machine.http://www.vdta.com/hof-list.html Vacuum & Sewing Hall of Fame 2007-12-29 https://web.archive.org/web/20071212185533/http://www.vdta.com/hof-list.html 12 December 2007 live See section: "Contributors to the invention of the sewing machine". June – James Nasmyth patents his design of steam hammer in England and introduces an improved planing machine.Smiles Samuel Samuel Smiles James Nasmyth Engineer: an Autobiography John Murray 1912 https://archive.org/details/jamesnasmythengi00nasmiala 2009-11-14 John Herschel discovers the cyanotype (blueprint) photographic process in England.The Cyanotype Rosenthal Richard T. Vernacular Photography 2000 2021-11-23 http://vernacularphotography.com/vpm/v1n1/the_cyanotype.htm https://web.archive.org/web/20130330080304/http://vernacularphotography.com/vpm/v1n1/the_cyanotype.htm 2013-03-30 dead The Lancashire Loom, a semi-automatic power loom for weaving cotton fabric, is invented by James Bullough and William Kenworthy in Blackburn (England).http://www.spinningtheweb.org.uk/m_display.php?irn=62&sub=factory&theme=industry&crumb=Inventions+%26amp%3B+inventors Spinning the Web Manchester City Council 2025-09-18 2011-07-18 https://web.archive.org/web/20110718134949/http://www.spinningtheweb.org.uk/m_display.php?irn=62&sub=factory&theme=industry&crumb=Inventions+&amp%3B+inventors dead Wayback Machine Events September 14–17 – English naturalist Charles Darwin and his family settle at Down House in Kent. Awards Copley Medal: James MacCullaghCopley Medal British scientific award https://www.britannica.com/science/Copley-Medal Encyclopedia Britannica 22 July 2020 en Wollaston Medal: Leopold von Buch Births February 2 – Julian Sochocki (died 1927), Polish mathematician. February 10 – Agnes Mary Clerke (died 1907) Irish astronomer and author.Catharine M C Haines Helen M Stevens International Women in Science: A Biographical Dictionary to 1950 Santa Barbara ABC-CLIO 2001 66 978-1-57607-090-1 February 22 – Camille Flammarion (died 1925), French astronomer. March 17 – Rosina Heikel (died 1929), Finnish physician.Arvid Bernce Efter 1809 en Krönika i ord och bild om Finlandssvenskarna Helsingfors Bernces förlag 1981 2003 978-9-15000-408-3 SV March 23 – Susan Jane Cunningham (died 1921), American mathematician. April 4 – Édouard Lucas (died 1891, French mathematician. May 7 – Isala Van Diest (died 1916), Belgian physician. May 8 – Emil Christian Hansen (died 1909), Danish fermentation physiologist. June 11 – Carl von Linde (died 1934), German refrigeration engineer. August 23 – Osborne Reynolds (died 1912), Irish-born physicist. September 9 – Elliott Coues (died 1899), American ornithologist. September 20 James Dewar (died 1923), Scottish-born chemist. Charles Lapworth (died 1920), English geologist. October 17 – Gustaf Retzius (died 1919), Swedish anatomist. October 24 (O.S. October 12) – Nikolai Menshutkin (died 1907), Russian chemist. November 12 – John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh (died 1919), English Nobel Prize-winning physicist. December 3 – Ellen Swallow Richards (d. 1911), American chemist. December 17 – Sophus Lie (died 1899), Norwegian mathematician. Deaths February 15 – Archibald Menzies (born 1754), Scottish-born botanist. April 28 – Charles Bell (born 1774), Scottish-born anatomist. May 8 – Jules Dumont d'Urville (born 1790), French explorer. June 9 – Maria Dalle Donne (born 1778), Bolognese physician June 30 – Thomas Coke, Earl of Leicester (born 1754), English agriculturalist and geneticist. July 19 – Pierre Joseph Pelletier (born 1788), French chemist. July 25 – Dominique Jean Larrey (born 1766), French military surgeon, pioneer of battlefield medicine. References Category:19th century in science Category:1840s in science