1853 Atlantic hurricane season

none Atl 1853 1853 Atlantic hurricane season summary map.png August 5, 1853 October 22, 1853 Three 130 924 1 8 4 2 40 1851, 1852, 1853, 1854, 1855 The 1853 Atlantic hurricane season featured eight known tropical cyclones, none of which made landfall. Operationally, a ninth tropical storm was believed to have existed over the Dominican Republic on November 26,Fernández-Partagás (1995), p. 26. but HURDAT – the official Atlantic hurricane database – now excludes this system. The first system, Tropical Storm One, was initially observed on August 5. The final storm, Hurricane Eight, was last observed on October 22. These dates fall within the period with the most tropical cyclone activity in the Atlantic. At two points during the season, pairs of tropical cyclones existed simultaneously. Four of the cyclones only have a single known point in their tracks due to a sparsity of data, so storm summaries for those systems are unavailable. Of the season's eight tropical cyclones, four reached hurricane status. Furthermore, two of those four strengthened into major hurricanes, which are Category 3 or higher on the modern-day Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale. The strongest cyclone of the season, the third hurricane, peaked at Category 4 strength with 150 mph (240 km/h) winds. With a minimum barometric pressure of 924 mbar inHg on, it was the most intense tropical cyclone recorded in the Atlantic basin until the 1924 Cuba hurricane. The hurricane caused 40 fatalities after a brig went missing off the coast of North Carolina. Despite remaining offshore, Tropical Storm Five brought very strong winds to the Mexican city of Veracruz. Hurricane Eight brought strong winds and rough seas to North Florida and Georgia, causing significant damage in the latter. __TOC__ Timeline Systems Tropical Storm One Atl One 1853 path.png August 5 August 5 50 The barque W.B. Bowen encountered a gale with winds of 60 mph (95 km/h) near 33.5°N, 69.2°W on August 5, which is located about 255 mi km east of Bermuda. This system would later be listed in HURDAT records as Tropical Storm One. However, due to heavy prevailing weather, further data on this storm is unavailable.Fernández-Partagás (1995), p. 21. Tropical Storm Two Atl Three 1851 path.png August 10 August 10 40 A publication by meteorologist Ivan R. Tannehill indicates that Tropical Storm Two was centered near Barbados on August 10. However, due its weak nature – maximum sustained winds were only 45 mph (75 km/h) – only a single data point is known of the storm's path. Climate researcher Michael Chenoweth argued in a 2014 study that this system remained a tropical wave.Michael Chenoweth A New Compilation of North Atlantic Tropical Cyclones, 1851–98 Journal of Climate December 2014 27 12 https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/clim/27/23/jcli-d-13-00771.1.xml?tab_body=supplementary-materials 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00771.1 American Meteorological Society 2014JCli...27.8674C free March 4, 2024 subscription Hurricane Three Atl Three 1853 path.png August 30 September 10 130 924 Meteorologist William C. Redfield first observed the season's third tropical storm south of Cape Verde on August 30, which was the first Cape Verde-type hurricane ever recorded. Initially, the storm moved west-northwestward and gradually strengthened, becoming a hurricane on September 1. Over the next two days, the hurricane intensified significantly and reached Category 2 strength early on September 2. The system strengthened into a Category 4 hurricane by September 3, attaining its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 150 mph (240 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 924 mbar inHg on was recorded by the barque Hermann soon thereafter. It was the most intense storm in the Atlantic until the 1924 Cuba hurricane, a Category 5 hurricane with a minimum pressure of 910 mbar inHg on.José Fernández-Partagás 1993 Impact on Hurricane History of a Revised Lowest Pressure at Havana (Cuba) During the October 11, 1846 Hurricane May 11, 2013 http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/Landsea/Partagas/impacthurrhist.pdf National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory Miami, Florida While the 1825 Santa Ana hurricane and the 1846 Great Havana Hurricane may have been stronger,Gail Swanson Jerry Wilkinson http://www.keyshistory.org/hurricanelist.html Florida Keys Hurricanes of the Last Millennium Historical Preservation Society of the Upper Keys February 24, 2025 they're discounted due the official database only dating back to 1851. By September 5, the hurricane curved toward the northwest and began to weaken. Early on September 7, it turned northward and fell to Category 3 intensity, situated about 340 mi km east of Charleston, South Carolina. The hurricane passed offshore North Carolina later that day, and its outer rainbands produced heavy rainfall along the state's southern coastlines.http://repository.wrclib.noaa.gov/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1002&context=nws_tech_memos https://web.archive.org/web/20070311045226/http://repository.wrclib.noaa.gov/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1002&context=nws_tech_memos March 11, 2007 Tropical cyclones affecting North Carolina since 1586: An historical perspective James E. Hudgins April 2000 National Weather Service National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 11 May 2, 2013 Blacksburg, Virginia PDF The brig Albermarle was lost at sea on September 7 with 40 of its crewmen missing; they were later presumed to have drowned.https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pastdeadlyapp1.shtml The Deadliest Atlantic Tropical Cyclones, 1492 – Present Edward N. Rappaport José Fernández-Partagás John L. Beven II April 22, 1997 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration January 18, 2024 Miami, Floridahttps://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pastdeadlyappnote.shtml? The Deadliest Atlantic Tropical Cyclones, 1492 – Present: Notes to appendices Edward N. Rappaport José Fernández-Partagás John L. Beven II April 22, 1997 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration January 18, 2024 Miami, Florida The hurricane recurved east-northeastward and continued to deteriorate steadily, weakening to Category 1 status by September 9. The storm was last observed late on September 10, centered about 525 mi km north-northwest of Flores Island in the Azores. Chenoweth concluded in a 2014 reanalysis study that "Space-time continuity and errors in press accounts indicate reports" regarding this storm were instead associated with the previous system. Thus, the study proposes the removal of this cyclone from HURDAT. Hurricane Four Atl Four 1853 path.png September 8 September 10 100 The ship Gilbert Gallatin encountered the fourth hurricane of the season on September 8, which was centered about 1000 mi km east of the third hurricane. Sustained winds were initially observed to have reached 115 mph (185 km/h), indicative of a Category 3 hurricane. Several other ships reportedly encountered this storm as it tracked northeastward. With winds decreasing to 105 mph (165 km/h), it weakened to a Category 2 hurricane on September 10. The storm was last noted by the ship Josephine later that day, while located about 615 mi km north-northeast of Graciosa in the Azores.Fernández-Partagás (1995), p. 23. Tropical Storm Five Atl Five 1853 path.png September 21 September 21 50 Tropical Storm Five was reported to have existed on September 21 at 20°N, 95°W, which is located in the Bay of Campeche. The Elize and Crichton encountered a heavy "norther" upon arriving at Veracruz, Veracruz on that day. Although it was centered offshore, very strong winds were reported in Veracruz, possibly induced by the funneling effect from the Sierra Madre Oriental. Further information of this tropical storm is sparse. Hurricane Six Atl Six 1853 path.png September 26 October 1 70 The sixth hurricane of the season was first observed as a tropical storm to the southeast of Bermuda on September 26. Initially, the storm headed north-northwestward, before curving north-northeastward on September 27, while bypassing Bermuda. Later that day, the storm strengthened into a hurricane. The brig Samuel and Edward encountered the hurricane on September 2, reporting winds of 80 mph (130 km/h); this was the maximum sustained wind speed associated with the storm. Thereafter, the storm executed a cyclonic loop, which lasted until September 30.Fernández-Partagás (1995), p. 25. It curved northeastward on October 1 and was last noted at 0600 UTC, while located about 590 mi km northeast of Bermuda. Tropical Storm Seven Atl Seven 1853 path.png September 28 September 28 50 Two separate reports by meteorologists Ivan R. Tannehill and Edward B. Garriott indicate that the seventh tropical storm of the season existed at 15°N, 37°W on September 28, which is located west of Cape Verde. Observations noted that maximum sustained winds reached 60 mph (95 km/h). With only a single data point, no further information is available on this storm. Hurricane Eight Atl Eight 1853 path.png October 19 October 22 90 996 The barque Edward reported a hurricane about 50 mi km north of Grand Bahama on October 19. Several other ships encountered the storm between October 19 and October 20. It moved slowly north-northwestward and gradually strengthened. On October 20, the storm reached maximum sustained winds of 105 mph (165 km/h), making it a Category 2 hurricane. Additionally, ships reported a minimum barometric pressure of 996 mbar inHg on.Fernández-Partagás (1995), p. 26. After weakening back to a Category 1 hurricane on October 21, the storm veered east-northeastward, avoiding a landfall in the Southeastern United States. It was last noted on October 22, while centered about 80 mi km east-southeast of Charleston, South Carolina. Strong winds, combined with tides in Jacksonville, Florida, pushed water over wharfs and onto Bay Street. William Gaston Captain Thomas E. Shaw reported that the gale at Brunswick, Georgia caused significant damage to the town. An engine-house belonging to the Brunswick Railroad Company was flattened, as was a large cotton shed, a blacksmith shop, and a new frame house, and a number of other buildings were damaged. The new railroad wharf was washed away and its remains were floating in the harbor. Offshore, there were numerous shipwrecks, including the schooners W. Mercer, G. W. Pickering, Mary Ann, and the Steamer Planter. Additionally, the schooner James House reported "a perfect hurricane".http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/Landsea/history/index.html Chronological Listing of Tropical Cyclones affecting North Florida and Coastal Georgia 1565–1899 Al Sandrik Christopher W. Landsea May 2003 Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration May 2, 2013 Miami, Florida Season effects This is a table of all of the storms that formed in the 1853 Atlantic hurricane season. It includes their duration (within the basin), names, areas affected, damages, and death totals. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect (an example of an indirect death would be a traffic accident), but were still related to that storm. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical, a wave, or a low, and all of the damage figures are in 1853 USD. center 1853 North Atlantic tropical cyclone center storm One August 5 60 (95) Unknown None None None storm Two August 10 45 (75) Unknown Barbados Unknown None cat4 Three August 30 – September 10 150 (240) 924 North Carolina Unknown 40 cat3 Four September 8–10 115 (185) Unknown None None None storm Five September 21 60 (95) Unknown Veracruz Unknown None cat1 Six September 26 – October 1 80 (130) Unknown Bermuda Unknown None storm Seven September 28 60 (95) Unknown None None None cat2 Eight October 19–22 105 (165) 996 Southeastern United States Unknown None 8 August 5 – October 22 150 (240) 924 Unknown 40 See also Tropical cyclones Lists of Atlantic hurricanes Tropical cyclone forecasting HURDAT – A comprehensive record of tropical cyclone tracks since 1851. Atlantic reanalysis project – A project to improve historical hurricane data for past storms. References General National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 1995 José Fernández-Partagás Henry F. Diaz A Reconstruction of Historical Tropical Cyclone Frequency in the Atlantic from Documentary and other Historical Sources: Year 1853 February 24, 2025 https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/Landsea/Partagas/1851-1857/1853.pdf Fernández-Partagás External links Atlantic hurricane reanalysis project page for 1853 1850 Atlantic hurricane 1853 Category:Atlantic hurricane seasons Category:Articles which contain graphical timelines Category:Meteorological events in 1853 Category:1853 natural disasters