1167

February 2011 1167 1167 upright=1.35|thumb|Lombard standard bearer re-entering Milan, after the League's foundation. upright=1.35|thumb|Member cities of the Lombard League Year 1167 (MCLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe April 7 – Oath of Pontida: Supported by Pope Alexander III, the Lombard League is founded, a military alliance between the municipalities of Milan, Lodi, Ferrara, Piacenza and Parma, against the German invading forces of Emperor Frederick I (Barbarossa) in Northern Italy. The League (with other Italian cities) openly challenges Frederick's claim to power (Honor Imperii). April 12 – King Charles VII (Sverkersson) is murdered at Visingsö by supporters of Canute I (son of Eric IX), who proclaims himself king of Sweden. However, Charles's half-brothers Boleslaw and Kol Sverkerson proclaim themselves rulers of Östergötland, in opposition to Canute, which leads to fights for the power in Sweden (until 1173). May 29 – Battle of Monte Porzio: The army of the Commune of Rome is defeated by German forces under Frederick I and the local princes; Alexander III leaves Rome.Jean-Claude Maire Vigueur 2010 L'autre Rome: Une histoire des Romains à l'époque communale (XIIe-XIVe siècle) Paris Tallandier 978-2-84734-719-7 315 Frederick proceeds to Rome, where he is crowned by Antipope Paschal III for the second time. A sudden outbreak of pestilence kills many of his advisors and knights.Andrew Roberts (2011). Great Commanders of the Medieval World (454–1582), pp. 135–136. 978-0-85738-589-5. July 8 – Battle of Sirmium: Byzantine forces (15,000 men) under General Andronikos Kontostephanos defeat the Hungarians at Sirmium. Emperor Manuel I (Komnenos) consolidates his control over the western Balkans. August – Frederick I claims imperial authority over Bohemia, Greater Poland and Hungary. He installs his 3-year-old son Frederick V as duke of Swabia, after Frederick's cousin, Frederick IV, dies of disease at Rome. Egypt March 18 – Battle of Al-Babein: A second Zangid army (some 12,000 men) under General Shirkuh and his nephew Saladin marches towards Egypt, but is met by the combined Crusader-Fatimid forces led by King Amalric of Jerusalem. After skirmishing down the Nile, the Crusaders are defeated near Giza and forced to retreat to Cairo.Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, pp. 304–305. 978-0-241-29876-3. May–June – Saladin leads the defence of Alexandria against the Crusader-Fatimid forces. He takes command over the garrison (plus some 1,000 cavalry), and the army's sick and wounded.David Nicolle (2011). Osprey: Command 12 - Saladin, p. 11. 978-1-84908-317-1. August 4 – Amalric I accepts a peace treaty and enters Alexandria at the head of the Crusader army. Saladin and his troops are escorted out with full military honours, and retreats to Syria.Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol II: Kingdom of Jerusalem, p. 305. 978-0-241-29876-3. Probable date – Battle of Pantina: The Byzantines intervene on behalf of Grand Prince Tihomir of Serbia against his rebellious brother, Prince Stefan Nemanja, who defeats the Byzantine forces and becomes Grand Župan of Serbia. Ireland Diarmaid mac Murchadha (or Dermot), former king of Leinster, returns to Ireland with an advance party of Flemings under Richard fitz Godbert de Roche. England King Henry II prohibits English students from attending the University of Paris; many settle at the University of Oxford.Sager Peter 2005 Oxford and Cambridge: An Uncommon History London Thames & Hudson 0500512493 36 Asia Taira no Kiyomori becomes the first samurai to be appointed Daijo Daijin, chief minister of the government of Japan. By topic Religion Absalon, Danish archbishop and statesman, leads the first synod at Lund. He is granted land around the city of "Havn" (modern-day Copenhagen) and fortifies the coastal defence against the Wends. Births February – Frederick VI, duke of Swabia (d. 1191) Anders Sunesen, archbishop of Lund (d. 1228) Warin II (the Younger), Norman knight (d. 1218) William I, count of Holland (Low Countries) (d. 1222) Deaths January 12 – Aelred of Rievaulx, English abbot (b. 1110) February 27 – Robert of Melun, bishop of Hereford (b. 1100) April 12 – Charles VII (Sverkersson), king of Sweden (b. 1130) July 13 – Xia (Shenfu), Chinese empress consort (b. 1136) August Děpold I, Bohemian prince (epidemic) Frederick IV, duke of Swabia (epidemic) Henry I, count of Nassau (epidemic) Henry II, duke of Limburg (epidemic) August 14 – Rainald of Dassel, German archbishop (b. 1120) August 17 – Nicolò Politi, Italian monk and hermit (b. 1117) August 22 – Relindis of Hohenburg, French abbess September 10 – Matilda, Holy Roman Empress (b. 1102) Abraham ibn Ezra, Spanish philosopher (approximate date) Alaungsithu, Burmese king of the Pagan Dynasty (b. 1090) Basava, Indian philosopher and statesman (b. 1105) Christian I (the Quarrelsome), count of Oldenburg Euphrosyne of Polotsk, Kievan princess (b. 1104) Hugh of Poitiers, French monk and chronicler Occo of Schleswig (or Ogge), Danish bishop Raymond I (or Raimond), French nobleman Rostislav I, Grand Prince of Kiev (b. 1110) References