1976 Soviet nuclear tests

none List of nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union 1976 Soviet Union Atyrau, Kazakhstan; Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan; Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan; NZ Area B, Matochkin Shar, Novaya Zemlya, Russia; Sakha, Russia; Sary-Uzen/Murzhik, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan 1976 21 underground shaft, tunnel 130 ktTNT in 1975 Soviet nuclear tests 1977 Soviet nuclear tests 1976 Soviet nuclear tests The Soviet Union's 1976 nuclear test series was a group of 21 nuclear tests conducted in 1976. These testsA bomb test may be a salvo test, defined as two or more explosions "where a period of time between successive individual explosions does not exceed 5 seconds and where the burial points of all explosive devices can be connected by segments of straight lines, each of them connecting two burial points and does not exceed 40 kilometers in length". V. N. Mikhailov Catalog of World Wide Nuclear Testing Begell-Atom, LLC http://www.iss-atom.ru/ksenia/catal_nt/1.htm 2013-12-17 https://web.archive.org/web/20140426102201/http://www.iss-atom.ru/ksenia/catal_nt/1.htm 2014-04-26 dead followed the 1975 Soviet nuclear tests series and preceded the 1977 Soviet nuclear tests series. + Soviet Union's 1976 series tests and detonations Name The US, France and Great Britain have code-named their test events, while the USSR and China did not, and therefore have only test numbers (with some exceptions – Soviet peaceful explosions were named). Word translations into English in parentheses unless the name is a proper noun. A dash followed by a number indicates a member of a salvo event. The US also sometimes named the individual explosions in such a salvo test, which results in "name1 – 1(with name2)". If test is canceled or aborted, then the row data like date and location discloses the intended plans, where known. Date time (UT) Local time zoneTo convert the UT time into standard local, add the number of hours in parentheses to the UT time; for local daylight saving time, add one additional hour. If the result is earlier than 00:00, add 24 hours and subtract 1 from the day; if it is 24:00 or later, subtract 24 hours and add 1 to the day. Historical time zone data obtained from the IANA time zone database.Time Zone Historical Database iana.com http://www.ietf.org/timezones/ March 8, 2014 LocationRough place name and a latitude/longitude reference; for rocket-carried tests, the launch location is specified before the detonation location, if known. Some locations are extremely accurate; others (like airdrops and space blasts) may be quite inaccurate. "~" indicates a likely pro-forma rough location, shared with other tests in that same area. Elevation + height Elevation is the ground level at the point directly below the explosion relative to sea level; height is the additional distance added or subtracted by tower, balloon, shaft, tunnel, air drop or other contrivance. For rocket bursts the ground level is "N/A". In some cases it is not clear if the height is absolute or relative to ground, for example, Plumbbob/John. No number or units indicates the value is unknown, while "0" means zero. Sorting on this column is by elevation and height added together. Delivery,Atmospheric, airdrop, balloon, gun, cruise missile, rocket, surface, tower, and barge are all disallowed by the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. Sealed shaft and tunnel are underground, and remained useful under the PTBT. Intentional cratering tests are borderline; they occurred under the treaty, were sometimes protested, and generally overlooked if the test was declared to be a peaceful use.Purpose Include weapons development, weapon effects, safety test, transport safety test, war, science, joint verification and industrial/peaceful, which may be further broken down. DeviceDesignations for test items where known, "?" indicates some uncertainty about the preceding value, nicknames for particular devices in quotes. This category of information is often not officially disclosed. YieldEstimated energy yield in tons, kilotons, and megatons. A ton of TNT equivalent is defined as 4.184 gigajoules (1 gigacalorie). FalloutRadioactive emission to the atmosphere aside from prompt neutrons, where known. The measured species is only iodine-131 if mentioned, otherwise it is all species. No entry means unknown, probably none if underground and "all" if not; otherwise notation for whether measured on the site only or off the site, where known, and the measured amount of radioactivity released. References Notes 436436 dmy 1976 1 15 04:46:59.97 ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 115 49.812 78.1576 436 inline 000602602 m on + tunnel,weapons development 000130000 13 kt 437437 dmy 1976 3 17 02:57:00.0 ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 608 49.75496 78.09259 437 inline 000642642 m on + tunnel,weapons development 000000000 unknown yield Venting detected 438 Galit A3.1 (Halite)438 Galit A3.1 (Halite) dmy 1976 3 29 07:00:00.2 SHET (5 hrs) Atyrau, Kazakhstan: A-III-2 47.88767 48.12925 438 Galit A3.1 (Halite) inline 000000 – 990 m on underground shaft,industrial 000100000 10 kt Create reservoirs for gas storage. Reused cavity created by #352. 439439 dmy 1976 4 10 05:03:00.0 ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 609p 49.75725 78.04221 439 inline 000585715 m on – 130 m on tunnel,weapons development 000001000 100 t Venting detected 441441 dmy 1976 4 21 04:58:00.16 ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 101p 49.7462 78.106 441 inline 000650650 m on + tunnel,weapons development 000070000 7 kt 440440 dmy 1976 4 21 05:02:59.7 ALMT (6 hrs) Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 1201 49.90155 78.82874 440 inline 000330330 m on + underground shaft,weapons development 000070000 7 kt 442442 dmy 1976 5 19 02:57:00.2 ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 163p 49.777 78.0009 442 inline 000749749 m on + tunnel,weapons development 000037000 3.7 kt 443443 dmy 1976 6 9 03:02:59.79 ALMT (6 hrs) Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 1075 49.99457 79.02372 443 inline 000330330 m on + underground shaft,weapons development 000100000 10 kt 444444 dmy 1976 7 4 02:56:59.99 ALMT (6 hrs) Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 1062 49.90417 78.89944 444 inline 000330330 m on + underground shaft,weapons development 000650000 65 kt 445445 dmy 1976 7 23 02:33:00.19 ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 185 49.7492 78.0617 445 inline 000394394 m on + tunnel,weapons development 000070000 7 kt 446 Galit A4 (Halite)446 Galit A4 (Halite) dmy 1976 7 29 05:00:00.5 SHET (5 hrs) Atyrau, Kazakhstan: A-IV 47.87109 48.13768 446 Galit A4 (Halite) inline 000000 – 1000 m on underground shaft,cavity excavation 000580000 58 kt Create reservoirs for gas storage. 447447 dmy 1976 8 4 02:57:00.0 ALMT (6 hrs) Sary-Uzen/Murzhik, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 133 49.87364 77.70297 447 inline 000460460 m on + underground shaft,weapons development 000009000 900 t 448448 dmy 1976 8 28 02:57:00.04 ALMT (6 hrs) Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 1202 49.96948 78.93893 448 inline 000330330 m on + underground shaft,weapons development 000530000 53 kt 449 - 1449 dmy 1976 9 29 02:59:57.7 MSK (3 hrs) NZ Area B, Matochkin Shar, Novaya Zemlya, Russia: A-14 73.36 54.871 449 - 1 inline 000000100 m on – 400 m on tunnel,weapons development 001300000 130 kt Venting detected off site, 10 Ci GBq on 449 - 2449 dmy 1976 9 29 02:59:57.7 MSK (3 hrs) NZ Area B, Matochkin Shar, Novaya Zemlya, Russia: A-14 73.36 54.871 449 - 2 inline 000100100 m on + tunnel,weapons development 000000000 unknown yield 450 - 1450 dmy 1976 10 20 07:59:58.07 MSK (3 hrs) NZ Area B, Matochkin Shar, Novaya Zemlya, Russia: A-15 73.398 54.812 450 - 1 inline 000000100 m on – 300 m on tunnel,weapons development 000130000 13 kt 450 - 2450 dmy 1976 10 20 07:59:58.1 MSK (3 hrs) NZ Area B, Matochkin Shar, Novaya Zemlya, Russia: A-15 73.398 54.812 450 - 2 inline 000100100 m on + tunnel,weapons development 000000000 unknown yield 450 - 3450 dmy 1976 10 20 07:59:58.1 MSK (3 hrs) NZ Area B, Matochkin Shar, Novaya Zemlya, Russia: A-15 73.398 54.812 450 - 3 inline 000100100 m on + tunnel,fundamental science 000000000 unknown yield 450 - 4450 dmy 1976 10 20 07:59:58.1 MSK (3 hrs) NZ Area B, Matochkin Shar, Novaya Zemlya, Russia: A-15 73.398 54.812 450 - 4 inline 000100100 m on + tunnel,safety experiment 000000010 1000 kg 451451 dmy 1976 10 30 04:57:00.21 ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 143 49.8285 78.0516 451 inline 000625625 m on + tunnel,weapon effect 000028000 2.8 kt 452 Oka (Neva)452 Oka (Neva) dmy 1976 11 5 04:00:00.0 YAKT (9 hrs) Sakha, Russia: 42 61.458 112.86 452 Oka (Neva) inline 000000 – 1525 m on underground shaft,oil stimulation 000150000 15 kt 120 km SW Mirnyi. 453453 dmy 1976 11 23 05:02:59.84 ALMT (6 hrs) Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 1207bis 50.01803 78.94319 453 inline 000330330 m on + underground shaft,weapons development 000740000 74 kt 454 - 1454 dmy 1976 12 7 04:56:59.98 ALMT (6 hrs) Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 1304 49.9445 78.83825 454 - 1 inline 000330330 m on + underground shaft,weapons development 000540000 54 kt 454 - 2454 dmy 1976 12 7 04:57:00.0 ALMT (6 hrs) Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 1304 49.9445 78.83825 454 - 2 inline 000330330 m on + underground shaft,weapons development 000000000 unknown yield 455455 dmy 1976 12 7 04:57:?? ALMT (6 hrs) Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 1209 49.90019 78.78558 455 inline 000330330 m on + underground shaft,weapons development 000950000 95 kt 456 - 1456 dmy 1976 12 30 03:57:00.31 ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 706p 49.7686 78.0331 456 - 1 inline 000689689 m on + tunnel,weapons development 000100000 10 kt 456 - 2456 dmy 1976 12 30 03:57:00.3 ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 706p 49.7686 78.0331 456 - 2 inline 000689689 m on + tunnel,weapons development 000000000 unknown yield note References RFNC-VNIIEF 1996 USSR Nuclear Weapons Tests and Peaceful Nuclear Explosions 1949 through 1990 Sarov, Russia The official Russian list of Soviet tests. Podvig Pavel 2001 Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces MIT Press Cambridge, MA 9780262661812 https://books.google.com/books?id=CPRVbYDc-7kC&pg=PA453 January 9, 2014 Cochran Thomas B. Arkin William M. Robert S. Norris Jeffrey I. Sands Nuclear Weapons Databook Vol. IV: Soviet Nuclear Weapons Harper and Row New York, NY Khalturin Vitaly I. Tatyana G. Rautian Paul G. Richards 2000 10.1007/pl00001153 Chemical explosions during 1961-1989 on the Semipalatinsk Test Site, Kazakhstan Pure and Applied Geophysics 158 143–171 128953780 http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/res/div/sgt/vitaly/VIKh_papers/chemex_at_STS2000.pdf December 13, 2013 March 4, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160304120004/http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/res/div/sgt/vitaly/VIKh_papers/chemex_at_STS2000.pdf dead Yang Xiaoping Robert North Carl Romney August 2000 CMR Nuclear Explosion Database (Revision 3) SMDC Monitoring Research Nuclear explosions in the USSR: The North Test Site reference material, version 4 December 1, 2004 IAEA Dept. of Nuclear Safety and Security http://www-ns.iaea.org/downloads/rw/waste-safety/north-test-site-final.pdf December 13, 2013 Andrushkin Vitaly V. William Leith September 1, 2001 The containment of Soviet underground nuclear explosions USGS Open File Report 01-312 https://geology.er.usgs.gov/eespteam/pdf/USGSOFR01312.pdf December 13, 2013 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20130509080818/http://geology.er.usgs.gov/eespteam/pdf/USGSOFR01312.pdf May 9, 2013 Won-Young Kim Paul G. Richards Vitaly Andrushkin Vladimir Ovtchinnikov April 1, 2001 Borovoye digital seismogram archive for underground nuclear tests during 1966-1996 LDEO http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/Monitoring/Data/Brv_arch_ex/brv_text_table.pdf December 13, 2013 1976 Category:1976 in the Soviet Union Category:1976 in military history Category:1976 explosions