1975 Atlantic hurricane season

none Atlantic hurricane reanalysis September 2026 Atl 1975 1975 Atlantic hurricane season summary map.png January 4, 1975 December 12, 1975 Gladys 130 939 1 23 12 7 4 87 total 564.7 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977 1975 Pacific hurricane season 1975 North Indian Ocean cyclone season 1975 Pacific typhoon season The 1975 Atlantic hurricane season was the longest season on record, spanning 342 days from the formation of a subtropical storm on January 4 to the dissipation of a subtropical storm on December 12. It also featured the first tropical storm to be upgraded to hurricane status using only satellite imagery, as well at the first major hurricane that formed from a subtropical storm. In terms of activity, the 1975 season was near average, with twelve nameable storms forming, of which seven became hurricanes. Four of those seven became major hurricanes, which are Category 3 intensity or higher on the Saffir–Simpson scale. The season officially began on June 1 and lasted until November 30. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the Atlantic Ocean. The first system, an unnamed subtropical storm, developed on January 4. Hurricane Amy, which formed six months later, caused minor beach erosion and coastal flooding from North Carolina to New Jersey in July, and killed one person when a ship capsized offshore North Carolina. Hurricane Blanche brought strong winds to portions of Atlantic Canada, leaving about $6.2 million (1975 USD) in damage. Hurricane Caroline brought high tides and flooding to northeastern Mexico and Texas, with two drownings in the latter. In late August, Doris became the first tropical storm to be upgraded to a hurricane based solely on satellite imagery, and the first major hurricane that formed from a subtropical storm. The most significant storm of the season was Hurricane Eloise, a Category 3 hurricane that struck the Florida Panhandle at peak intensity, after bringing severe flooding to the Caribbean. Eloise caused 80 fatalities, including 34 in Puerto Rico, 7 in Dominican Republic, 18 in Haiti, and 21 in the United States, with 4 in Florida. The hurricane left about $560 million in damage in the United States. Hurricane Gladys, a Category 4 hurricane, was the most intense tropical cyclone of the season, but left little impact on land. Two tropical depressions also caused damage and fatalities. Collectively, the tropical cyclones of this season resulted in 87 deaths and about $564.7 million in damage. __TOC__ Season summary thumb|280x280px|Hurricanes Caroline and Doris together on August 29 The Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1,https://www.newspapers.com/clip/9139332/the_times_recorder/ Scientists Warn Coastal Areas of Hurricane Season June 1, 1975 United Press International Zanesville Times Recorder 1 February 24, 2017 Miami, Florida Newspapers.com with the first tropical cyclone developing on June 24. Although 23 tropical depressions developed, only twelve of them reached tropical storm intensity; this was near normal compared to the 1950–2000 average of 9.6 named storms.Philip J. Klotzbach and William M. Gray December 8, 2006 Extended Range Forecast of Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity and U.S. Landfall Strike Probability for 2007 Colorado State University March 28, 2014 http://hurricane.atmos.colostate.edu/forecasts/2006/dec2006/ https://web.archive.org/web/20061218105454/http://hurricane.atmos.colostate.edu/forecasts/2006/dec2006/ 18 December 2006 dead Boulder, Colorado Seven of these reached hurricane status, slightly above the 1950–2000 average of 5.9. Furthermore, four storms reached major hurricane status; above the 1950–2000 average of 2.3. Collectively, the cyclones of this season caused at least 87 deaths and over $564.7 million in damage.Associated Press The Free-Lance-Star July 17, 1975 September 2, 2022 Boat survival 'tribute' to builder who died in coma https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=lvZNAAAAIBAJ&sjid=KosDAAAAIBAJ&dq=tropical%20storm%20amy&pg=4882%2C1801272 http://www.ec.gc.ca/Hurricane/default.asp?lang=En&n=65057B76-1 1975-Blanche Environment Canada September 14, 2010 May 11, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20130313111842/http://www.ec.gc.ca/Hurricane/default.asp?lang=En&n=65057B76-1 March 13, 2013 17 7 Storm Data Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena 18 July 1975 0039-1972 National Climatic Data Center November 5, 2016 http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-20227BFF-5AD4-4B5B-B091-3856A411CA9F.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20161105033128/http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-20227BFF-5AD4-4B5B-B091-3856A411CA9F.pdf November 5, 2016 Asheville, North Carolina dead https://books.google.com/books?id=RSxRAAAAMAAJ&q=florida+panhandle+flood+1975&pg=RA6-PA23 General Summary of National Flood Events July 1975 National Climatic Data Center 24 November 5, 2016 https://www.newspapers.com/clip/9622505/the_palm_beach_post/ Major Disaster Declared August 23, 1975 United Press International The Palm Beach Post 25 March 17, 2017 Tallahassee, Florida Newspapers.com https://www.newspapers.com/clip/9696443/pottstown_mercury/ Rains create problems for Vietnam refugees August 1, 1975 United Press International The Mercury April 12, 2017 3 Newspapers.com United Press International September 1, 1975 https://newspaperarchive.com/other-articles-clipping-sep-01-1975-5417884/ Water Mishaps Mar Labor Day Holiday 1A The Galveston Daily News November 26, 2025 NewspaperArchive http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/lib/lib1/nhclib/mwreviews/1975.pdf Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1975 April 1976 February 24, 2017 American Meteorological Society Monthly Weather Review Paul J. Hebert Jay Barnes Florida's Hurricane History 2007 239–242 Chapel Hill Press 978-0-8078-3068-0 https://archive.org/details/floridashurrican00barn/page/239 David M. Roth http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/td12aof1975.html Tropical Depression Twelve – October 15-20, 1975 November 23, 2008 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration February 23, 2017 The Atlantic hurricane season officially ended on November 30, though the final cyclone became extratropical on December 13. Tropical cyclogenesis began in January, with the development of a subtropical storm on January 4, followed by Hurricane Amy six months later on June 27. Four systems originated in July, including Hurricane Blanche and an unnamed tropical storm. After Tropical Depression Six dissipated on July 30, tropical activity went dormant for over three weeks, ending with the development of a tropical depression that would later become Hurricane Caroline on August 24. Another cyclone, Hurricane Doris, also formed in August. September was the most active month of the season, featuring eight tropical cyclones, including hurricanes Eloise, Faye, and Gladys. In October, four systems formed, one of which intensified into Tropical Storm Hallie. Two tropical depressions developed in November. The last system, a subtropical storm, formed on December 9 and transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on December 12. The season's activity was reflected with an accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) rating of 76. Broadly speaking, ACE is a measure of the power of a tropical storm multiplied by the length of time it existed. Therefore, a storm with a longer duration will have high values of ACE. It is only calculated for full advisories on specific tropical and subtropical systems reaching or exceeding wind speeds of 39 mph km/h on. Accordingly, tropical depressions are not included here. After the storm has dissipated, typically after the end of the season, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) reexamines the data. These revisions can lead to a revised ACE total either upward or downward compared to the operational value.Hurricane Research Division; Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration March 2014 Atlantic basin Comparison of Original and Revised HURDAT April 18, 2014 http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/comparison_table.html Miami, Florida dead https://web.archive.org/web/20140329014406/http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/comparison_table.html March 29, 2014 Systems Unnamed subtropical storm Atl subtropical Unnamed subtropical storm 1975-01-06.jpg 24L 1975 path.png January 4 January 9 55 1001 List of off-season Atlantic hurricanes A previously unknown subtropical storm in January of 1975 was identified during modern reanalysis and designated 24L.Hurricane Database https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/Data_Storm.html NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic & Meteorological Laboratory NOAA 18 September 2026 hurdat2 Hurricane Amy Atl Amy 1975-06-30.png Amy 1975 path.png June 27 July 4 70 981 Tropical Storm Amy originated from a weak trough on June 24 accompanied by scattered showers and thunderstorms over Florida. The system tracked westward in response to an upper-tropospheric low over Georgia. By June 26, a surface circulation developed north of the Bahamas and satellite imagery showed a significant increase in convective activity and the National Hurricane Center (NHC) classified the system as a tropical depression early on June 27. On June 28, the system attained tropical storm-status while tracking north-northeast off the coast of North Carolina. By June 29, a trough, moving through the westerlies, rapidly approached the storm, causing the newly designated Amy to turn sharply toward the east. Strong wind shear disorganized the system slightly, leading to Amy featuring subtropical characteristics. By the evening, the strongest winds were not located around the center, but were instead situated between 60 and 90 mi (95 and 140 km) from the center. Convection became displaced from the center of circulation but the storm continued to intensify. Over the following several days, Amy tracked generally northeastward but underwent eastward jogs in response to rapidly moving troughs to the north. Amy neared hurricane intensity several times, beginning on June 30 as maximum winds increased to 70 mph (110 km/h); however, the storm was unable to acquire enough tropical features, and remained predominately subtropical. Gale-force winds at this time extended roughly 125 mi (210 km) out from the center to the north and east. On July 2, a barometric pressure of 981 mbar (hPa; 28.97 inHg) was recorded, the lowest in relation to Amy, as it strengthened into a hurricane, although it was only marginally tropical. The following day, another trough caused the storm to accelerate northeastward. On July 4, Amy passed roughly 170 mi (270 km) southeast of Cape Race, Newfoundland before becoming an extratropical cyclone.http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/lib/lib1/nhclib/mwreviews/1975.pdf Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1975 April 1976 February 24, 2017 American Meteorological Society Monthly Weather Review Paul J. Hebert As a tropical depression, Amy produced scattered rainfall in Florida, peaking around 3 in mm on near the Georgia border. Along the North Carolina coast, heavy rain fell as the center of Amy tracked nearby. Many coastal areas recorded more than 3 in mm on with a peak amount of 5.87 in mm on falling in Belhaven, North Carolina.David M. Roth Hydrometeorological Prediction Center 2009 August 24, 2009 Tropical Storm Amy - June 25–30, 1975 http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/amy1975.html Rough seas from the storm resulted in minor coastal flooding and beach erosion in North Carolina and Virginia. Small craft advisories were issued along the Virginia and North Carolina coastlines as waves up to 15 ft m on affected the region. Several beaches were closed due to the rough conditions.Associated Press Ocala Star-Banner June 30, 1975 August 24, 2009 Tropical Storm Amy Drifting Slowly At Sea https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=n5YTAAAAIBAJ&sjid=CAYEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6323,5714157&dq=tropical+storm+amyAssociated Press The Free-Lance-Star July 2, 1975 August 24, 2009 Amy leaves ruffled surf, beach erosion https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=r4gTAAAAIBAJ&sjid=KosDAAAAIBAJ&pg=2332,3755336&dq=tropical+storm+amyUnited Press International St. Petersburg Times July 1, 1975 August 24, 2009 Amy drifts off Virginia https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=6oYOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=joADAAAAIBAJ&pg=5976,16326&dq=tropical+storm+amyJuly 2026 InternetArchiveBot In Hampton, Virginia, a funnel cloud spawned by a squall line associated with Amy formed just offshore.Associated Press The Evening Independent June 30, 1975 August 24, 2009 'Amy' Aiming To Sea https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=K_gLAAAAIBAJ&sjid=RVgDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6717,3257144&dq=tropical+storm+amy On June 30, schooner capsized in rough seas roughly 250 mi (400 km) east of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, carrying a family of four people. The father, a diabetic, slipped into a coma and died after he was unable to find his insulin pen. The three kids were rescued on July 14.Associated Press The Free-Lance-Star July 17, 1975 August 24, 2009 Boat survival 'tribute' to builder who died in coma https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=u4gTAAAAIBAJ&sjid=KosDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4878,1801267&dq=tropical+storm+amy Tropical Depression Three Atl Three 1975-07-04 0722Z.png 03L 1975 path.png July 4 July 5 30 1012Tropical Depression Three formed northeast of the Bahamas on July 4. Tracking northeastward, the system did not intensify and was last noted over open waters midday on July 5. Hurricane Blanche Atl Blanche 1975-07-27 0600Z.png Blanche 1975 path.png July 24 July 28 70 981 A tropical wave emerged into the Atlantic Ocean from the west coast of Africa on July 14. The system remained weak for about a week, before convection began increasing significantly on July 21. After wind shear decreased, the wave managed to develop into a tropical depression on July 24 about 355 mi km northeast of the Turks and Caicos Islands. It moved northwestward until early on July 26, when an approaching cold front and associated trough caused the depression to turn northeastward. Around that time, the cyclone intensified into Tropical Storm Blanche. A weakening cold front and baroclinic forces created an environment favorable for intensifying, allowing Blanche to become a Category 1 hurricane on July 27. Slightly further deepening occurred, with the storm peaking with winds of 85 mph km/h on and a minimum barometric pressure of 980 mbar inHg on. Before 12:00 UTC on July 28, Blanche made landfall in Barrington, Nova Scotia, with winds of 80 mph km/h on. The system quickly transitioned into an extratropical cyclone, which soon dissipated. In Atlantic Canada, the remnants of Blanche produced high winds gusts up to 70 mph km/h on, along with moderate rainfall, peaking at 3.1 in mm on in Chatham, New Brunswick.Environment Canada July 3, 2009 November 26, 2025 Canadian Tropical Cyclone Season Summary for 1975 http://www.ec.gc.ca/ouragans-hurricanes/default.asp?lang=en&n=9C64E231-1 https://web.archive.org/web/20221130125805/http://www.ec.gc.ca/ouragans-hurricanes/default.asp?lang=en&n=9C64E231-1 November 30, 2022 The strong winds knocked over two mobile homes and destroyed a slaughterhouse, which was under construction. Additionally, trees and power lines were downed, leaving between 500 and 1,000 customers without electricity. The electrical corporation in Nova Scotia suffered about $196,600 in damage. Telephone services were also interrupted. The A. Murray MacKay Bridge was closed after an oil rig broke loose and threatened to strike the bridge. In Prince Edward Island, flights to and from the Charlottetown Airport were canceled, as was ferry service to Nova Scotia. In the province, many homes and businesses lost telephone service. Overall, damage in Canada reached about $6.2 million.http://www.ec.gc.ca/Hurricane/default.asp?lang=En&n=65057B76-1 1975-Blanche Environment Canada September 14, 2010 May 11, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20130313111842/http://www.ec.gc.ca/Hurricane/default.asp?lang=En&n=65057B76-1 March 13, 2013 Tropical Storm Five Atl Five 1975-07-26 1226Z.png 05L 1975 path.png July 25 July 26 40 1000Tropical Storm Five formed on July 24 over the southwestern Gulf of Mexico. Deep convection associated with the system persisted around the center of circulation.https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/mwre/104/4/1520-0493_1976_104_0466_atso_2_0_co_2.xml?tab_body=pdf Atlantic Tropical Systems of 1975 April 1976 November 26, 2025 American Meteorological Society 104 4 Monthly Weather Review Neil L. Frank Forecasters anticipated the depression would intensify into a tropical storm before landfall.Los Angeles Times September 8, 1975 February 24, 2017 Tropical Depression Heads for Tampico, May Gain Strength https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/679347002.html?dids=679347002:679347002&FMT=CITE&FMTS=CITE:AI&type=historic&date=Sep+08%2C+1975&author=&pub=Los+Angeles+Times&desc=Tropical+Depression+Heads+for+Tampico%2C+May+Gain+Strength&pqatl=google https://archive.today/20120720110223/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/679347002.html?dids=679347002:679347002&FMT=CITE&FMTS=CITE:AI&type=historic&date=Sep+08,+1975&author=&pub=Los+Angeles+Times&desc=Tropical+Depression+Heads+for+Tampico,+May+Gain+Strength&pqatl=google dead July 20, 2012 A reconnaissance mission into the cyclone found 50 mph km/h on winds; however, due to the interaction with land, the NHC did not upgrade the depression. Not long after forming, the depression struck Tampico, Tamaulipas. A barometric pressure of 1007 mbar hPa inHg on was recorded in the city, along with sustained winds of 37 mph km/h on. The system was no longer monitored by the NHC after landfall and quickly dissipated on July 26. Tropical Depression Six Atl 06L 1975-07-29.jpg 06L 1975 path.png July 27 July 30 30 1009 Tropical Depression Six (1975) Tropical Depression Six developed from a trough of low pressure in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico about 60 mi km on southwest of Cape San Blas, Florida, on July 27. The depression moved west-northwestward and strengthened slightly to reach winds of 35 mph km/h on, but remained below tropical storm intensity and made landfall in eastern Louisiana. Once inland, the depression slowly weakened and re-curved northwestward on July 30 into Mississippi. Around that time, the depression dissipated. The remnants persisted at least until August 3, at which time it was situated over Arkansas.http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/td04aof1975.html David M. Roth October 7, 2008 Tropical Depression Four – July 27–August 3, 1975 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Weather Prediction Center February 24, 2017 The tropical depression dropped heavy rainfall, with some areas of the Florida Panhandle experiencing more than 20 in mm on of precipitation, with a maximum total of 20.84 in mm on observed in DeFuniak Springs. Bay, Gulf, Holmes, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, Wakulla, and Walton were hardest hit. Numerous roads were flooded and closed, with $3.2 million in damage to that infrastructure. About 500 homes suffered flood damage, 22 of which were destroyed. Damage is estimated to have reached $8.5 million in the state of Florida alone.17 7 Storm Data Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena 18 July 1975 0039-1972 National Climatic Data Center November 5, 2016 http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-20227BFF-5AD4-4B5B-B091-3856A411CA9F.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20161105033128/http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-20227BFF-5AD4-4B5B-B091-3856A411CA9F.pdf November 5, 2016 Asheville, North Carolina dead In southern Alabama, overflowing rivers flooded several businesses and homes in Brewton and East Brewton. Damage in Alabama totaled approximately $300,000.https://books.google.com/books?id=RSxRAAAAMAAJ&q=florida+panhandle+flood+1975&pg=RA6-PA23 General Summary of National Flood Events July 1975 National Climatic Data Center 24 November 5, 2016 In Mississippi, about 50 families in the vicinity of the Biloxi River were evacuated as the river threatened to exceed its banks, while at least 70 families fled their homes in Moss Point. Water entered about a dozen homes there. Further north, about 100 residences were evacuated in Canton, where some businesses suffered water damage. A total of 12 homes in Vicksburg were flooded.https://www.newspapers.com/clip/10149360/the_delta_democrattimes/ Mid-Delta Delta Democrat Times August 3, 1975 38 April 9, 2017 Newspapers.com The storm left three fatalities, with two in Florida and one in Alabama.https://www.newspapers.com/clip/9622505/the_palm_beach_post/ Major Disaster Declared August 23, 1975 United Press International The Palm Beach Post 25 March 17, 2017 Tallahassee, Florida Newspapers.com https://www.newspapers.com/clip/9696443/pottstown_mercury/ Rains create problems for Vietnam refugees August 1, 1975 United Press International The Mercury April 12, 2017 3 Newspapers.com Hurricane Caroline Atl Caroline 1975-08-30 2103Z color.jpg Caroline 1975 path.png August 24 September 2 100 961 A tropical wave exited the west coast of Africa on August 15 and rapidly moved westward. On August 24, the system developed into a tropical depression near the southeastern Bahamas. Soon after, it crossed Cuba and degenerated back into a tropical wave. The system redeveloped into a tropical depression on August 27 as it continued westward into the Gulf of Mexico. Passing just north of the Yucatán Peninsula, the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Caroline on August 29. The storm slowed quickly attained hurricane status as it approached land.National Hurricane Center 1975 Preliminary Report Hurricane Caroline August 24 - September 1 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 2014-03-03 http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1975-prelim/caroline/prelim01.gif Two National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) planes conducted experiments to study the environment and winds in and around the eye.Francis J. Mercert 1976 The Turbulent Microstructure of Hurricane Caroline (1975) Monthly Weather Review 104 10 1297 American Meteorological Society 10.1175/1520-0493(1976)104<1297:TTMOHC>2.0.CO;2 1976MWRv..104.1297M 1520-0493 2007-03-19 http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/1520-0493(1976)104%3C1297%3ATTMOHC%3E2.0.CO%3B2 PDF free Caroline intensified further into a major hurricane, with peak winds of115 mph km/h on and a minimum pressure of 961 mbar inHg. On August 31, Caroline made landfall in a rural area of Tamaulipas in northeast Mexico, about 100 mi km south of Brownsville.National Hurricane Center 1975 Preliminary Report Hurricane Caroline August 24 - September 1 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 2007-03-20 http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1975-prelim/caroline/prelim02.gif Caroline rapidly weakened to a tropical depression twelve hours after landfall and dissipated on September 1 over northeastern Mexico.Paul J. Hebert 1976 Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1975 Monthly Weather Review 104 4 453 American Meteorological Society 10.1175/1520-0493(1976)104<0453:AHSO>2.0.CO;2 1976MWRv..104..453H 1520-0493 2007-03-20 http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/1520-0493%281976%29104%3C0453%3AAHSO%3E2.0.CO%3B2 PDF free subscription Ahead of Caroline's landfall, hundreds of people in Mexico evacuated to shelters. Several oil rigs off Texas evacuated personnel.United Press International August 30, 1975 Hurricane Caroline Drifts Near Texas The Pittsburgh Press 2013-02-26 https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1144&dat=19750830&id=dNseAAAAIBAJ&sjid=wFYEAAAAIBAJ&pg=7428,5625236 Along the Mexican coast, Caroline produced 10 ft m on storm tides, causing significant damage to several small villages. Farther inland, 5 - 10 in mm on of rain. Flooding rains forced 1,000 people to evacuate and left moderate damage to homes and businesses. The precipitation ended an eight-month drought that was affecting inland portions of northern Mexico and decreasing the area's corn production.Associated Press September 1, 1975 Caroline Downgraded The Daytona Beach News-Journal November 12, 2016 https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1873&dat=19750901&id=rtAhAAAAIBAJ&pg=5189,6091 Portions of south Texas also experienced heavy rainfall, with 11.93 in mm on at Port Isabel. Brownsville broke a record for the highest amount of precipitation observed on a day in August.Texas Weather Last Year Seems 'Practically Normal' March 2, 1976 https://www.newspapers.com/clip/86161778/victoria-advocate/ The Victoria Advocate 10B Associated Press Newspapers.com Two deaths occurred from drowning in Galveston.United Press International September 1, 1975 https://newspaperarchive.com/other-articles-clipping-sep-01-1975-5417884/ Water Mishaps Mar Labor Day Holiday 1A The Galveston Daily News November 26, 2025 NewspaperArchive Hurricane Doris Atl Doris1975sep30030z.png Doris Atlantic 1975 path.png August 28 September 4 100 945 A low pressure area developed within a frontal band over the central Atlantic on August 27. At 12:00 UTC on the following day, the system developed into a subtropical storm while situated 930 mi km on southwest of the Azores. The subtropical classification was due to the lack of a central dense overcast (CDO), with the showers and thunderstorms mainly consisting of a strong band of convention located southeast of the center, as well as its association to the frontal band. Because the system was out of the authorized range of reconnaissance aircraft flights, satellites and ships were used to monitor the storm's intensity and tropical status. After satellite imagery indicated that the system became more symmetrical, developed CDO, and detached from the frontal system, the cyclone was reclassified as Tropical Storm Doris on August 29. Doris made meteorological history when, on August 31, it became the first Atlantic hurricane ever to be upgraded to hurricane intensity solely on the basis of satellite pictures,http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/lib/lib1/nhclib/mwreviews/1978.pdf Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1978 482 April 1979 February 25, 2017 American Meteorological Society Monthly Weather Review Miles B. Lawrence via the Dvorak technique. The cyclone then curved northward and intensified further during the next few days, becoming a Category 2 hurricane early on September 2. Based on the Dvorak technique, it is estimated that Doris peaked with maximum sustained winds of 115 mph km/h on and a minimum barometric pressure of 945 mbar inHg on shortly thereafter, peaking as a Category 3 hurricane. By September 3, the hurricane began interacting with a non-tropical low pressure area. On the following day, Doris quickly weakened to a tropical storm and transitioned into an extratropical cyclone about 830 mi km on south-southeast of Cape Race, Newfoundland, around 06:00 UTC. The extratropical remnants weakened and then dissipated late on September 4. Hurricane Eloise Atl Eloise 1975-09-23 1302Z (Colored).png Eloise 1975 path.png September 13 September 24 110 950 Hurricane Eloise A tropical wave developed into a tropical depression on September 13 to the east of the Virgin Islands. The system tracked westward and strengthened into Tropical Storm Eloise while passing to the north of Puerto Rico. Eloise briefly reached hurricane intensity soon thereafter, but weakened back to a tropical storm around landfall over Hispaniola. The cyclone emerged into open waters of the northern Caribbean Sea. After striking the northern Yucatán Peninsula, Eloise turned northward and re-intensified. In the Gulf of Mexico, the cyclone quickly deepened, becoming a Category 3 hurricane on September 23. The hurricane made landfall west of Panama City, Florida, before moving inland across Alabama and dissipating on September 24. The storm produced heavy rainfall throughout Puerto Rico and Hispaniola, causing extensive flooding that left severe damage 59 fatalities.Jay Barnes Florida's Hurricane History 2007 239–242 Chapel Hill Press 978-0-8078-3068-0 https://archive.org/details/floridashurrican00barn/page/239 Thousands of people in these areas became homeless as flood waters submerged numerous communities.Associated Press Hurricane Eloise Storm Kills 25 In Puerto Rico; Slams Dominican Republic September 17, 1975 The Evening Independent August 31, 2022 2 https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=BV5QAAAAIBAJ&sjid=GlgDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5311%2C239175 As Eloise progressed westward, it affected Cuba to a lesser extent.John Pomfret The History of Guantanamo Bay, Vol. II 1964 – 1982 Naval Station Guantanamo Bay In advance of the storm, about 100,000 residents evacuated from the Gulf Coast region. Upon making landfall in Florida, Eloise generated wind gusts of 155 mph km/h on, which demolished hundreds of buildings in the area. The storm's severe winds, waves, and storm surge left numerous beaches, piers, and other coastal structures heavily impaired. Wind-related damage extended into inland Alabama and Georgia. Further north, torrential rains along the entire East Coast of the United States created an unprecedented and far-reaching flooding event, especially into the Mid-Atlantic States.Rick Schwartz 272 Hurricanes and the Middle Atlantic States 2007 Blue Diamond Books 978-0-9786280-0-0 In that region, an additional 17 people died as a result of freshwater flooding from the post-tropical storm; infrastructural and geological effects were comparable to those from Hurricane Agnes three years prior. Across the United States, damage amounted to approximately $560 million. The storm killed 80 people along its entire track. Hurricane Faye Atl Faye 1975-09-27 1701Z (Colored).png Faye 1975 path.png September 18 September 29 80 981 A tropical wave emerged into the Atlantic from the west coast of Africa on September 14. After detaching from the Intertropical Convergence Zone on September 18, the wave quickly developed into a tropical depression about 575 mi km on west of the Cabo Verde Islands. Moving northwestward, the depression intensified, according to ships and satellite imagery, becoming Tropical Storm Faye on September 19. The cyclone then moved westward and was unable to intensify further due to increasing wind shear, before weakening to a tropical depression on September 23. Shortly thereafter, Faye turned to the north, crossing an upper trough axis over the central Atlantic. Southwesterly flow aloft allowed the system to re-strengthen, with Faye becoming a tropical storm again on September 25. Faye accelerated to the northwest and deepened into a Category 1 hurricane early on September 26. Around 23:00 UTC on September 26, the cyclone passed about 35 mi km on east of Bermuda. Winds up to 69 mph km/h on and heavy rains were recorded on the island.Associated Press The Ledger September 27, 1975 November 26, 2025 Islands Feel Faye https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=iLMwAAAAIBAJ&sjid=EPsDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4088%2C6814857 Up to 2.8 in mm on of rain fell in Bermuda from the hurricane. Already severely impacted by flooding from Eloise days earlier, New England prepared for additional flooding from Faye. The National Weather Service issued flash flood watches, resulting in more evacuations.United Press International https://www.newspapers.com/clip/77487618/tampa-bay-times/ St. Petersburg Times September 28, 1975 Faye adds to flooding 1-A May 11, 2021 Newspapers.com Although the system weakened late on September 28, the storm reached its minimum barometric pressure of 977 mbar inHg on, observed by a reconnaissance aircraft. Faye then curved eastward and lost tropical characteristics, becoming extratropical at 12:00 UTC on September 29, while situated northwest of Corvo Island in the Azores. Hurricane Gladys Atl Gladys 1975.jpg Gladys 1975 path.png September 22 October 3 130 939 On September 17, a tropical wave emerged into the Atlantic Ocean off the western coast of Africa. The disturbance followed another tropical wave which became Hurricane Faye several days later, before turning west near the 11th parallel. Based on estimates from the Dvorak Technique, the wave was designated a tropical depression at 18:00 UTC on September 22. Due to favorable conditions such as low wind shear and warm sea surface temperatures, the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Gladys on September 24. Gladys slowly intensified, and on September 25, Gladys strengthened into a Category 1 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson scale. Despite strong wind shear, the storm maintained minimal hurricane status. However, early on September 28, the barometric pressure increased to 1000 mb inHg on; the NHC notes that Gladys may have briefly weakened into a tropical storm at this time. After passing through the trough that generated the wind shear, the storm began to strengthen again. While moving about 350 mi km north of Puerto Rico on September 30, the winds of the storm increased to 90 mph km/h on. By this time, an eye was clearly visible on satellite imagery. After holding steady for 36 hours, the storm recurved around a ridge on October 1. Gladys then began to undergo rapid deepening, becoming a Category 2 hurricane at 18:00 UTC and Category 3 hurricane the following day. Early on October 2, the storm strengthened into a Category 4 hurricane. At 08:46 UTC on October 2, Hurricane Hunters measured maximum sustained winds of 140 mph km/h on 5 and a minimum barometric pressure of 939 mbar inHg on. Moving northeast, the hurricane hunters soon observed a pressure of 940 mbar inHg on, making it one of the most intense high-latitude storms ever observed. Despite its distance from Cape Hatteras, the system was briefly observed on radar. It became the farthest tropical cyclone from the United States to be observed by radar in the Atlantic basin since Hurricane Carla in 1961. It became one of few hurricanes at the time to be seen on radar over 150 mi km on 5 from the continental United States. Thereafter, the storm weakened slightly, and was downgraded to a Category 3 hurricane early on October 3. Accelerating at unusually high speeds, Gladys passed 70 mi km southeast of Cape Race, Newfoundland on October 3. The storm finally merged with a large extratropical cyclone on October 4.Michael G. Carelli 1976 Picture of the Month:Cape Hatteras Radar Observations of Hurricane Gladys American Meteorological Society While over the Atlantic Ocean, a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) C-130 hurricane hunter aircraft flew into Gladys on October 1 on a research mission. The mission was to study the storm and use the information to improve seeding operations for the now-defunct Project Stormfury.United Press International 1975 Scientists Call Gladys a Classic Hurricane Naples Daily NewsA. B. C. Whipple Storm https://archive.org/details/storm00whip registration 1982 Time Life 0-8094-4312-0 A hurricane watch was issued for North Carolina's Outer Banks on October 1,Hurricane Watch for Carolina https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=rocpAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ctEEAAAAIBAJ&pg=2591,527532&dq=hurricane+gladys+-tampa+-1968&hl=en August 2, 2013 Associated Press Daytona Beach Morning-Journal October 2, 1975 Miami, Florida extending from Cape Lookout to Kitty Hawk. Despite warnings, about 40 fishermen went to Cape Point near Cape Hatteras due to the "increased feeding activities" of fish during rough seas.https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=799&dat=19751002&id=XRwLAAAAIBAJ&sjid=VVIDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6848,170339 Gladys turns from North Carolina coast Don Lohwasser October 2, 1975 The Bryan Times United Press International May 24, 2014 Manteo, North Carolina Residents along the Outer Banks evacuated to hotels in Elizabeth City, and four United States Coast Guard servicemen stationed at a lighthouse in Cape Hatteras were evacuated.Associated Press 1975 Gladys Missing The Bee While passing the Outer Banks, a campground and road was closed due to 8 ft m on waves. While tracking rapidly to the southeast of Newfoundland, light rainfall was observed, including 1.46 in mm on of precipitation in St. John's.http://www.ec.gc.ca/Hurricane/default.asp?lang=En&n=3B6DE012-1 1975-Gladys November 4, 2009 Environment Canada May 11, 2021 Moncton, New Brunswick https://web.archive.org/web/20130313111857/http://www.ec.gc.ca/Hurricane/default.asp?lang=En&n=3B6DE012-1 March 13, 2013 Subtropical Depression Eighteen Atl 18L 1975-10-15 0000Z.jpg 18L 1975 path.png October 14 October 17 30 1002 subtropical A tropical depression developed in the southern Gulf of Mexico about 125 mi km on northwest of Campeche City in Mexico on October 14. Moving around the western periphery of a subtropical ridge, the depression intensified while moving northeast towards the central Gulf Coast of the United States due to an advancing cold front. However, the depression remained below tropical storm status, peaking with maximum sustained winds of 35 mph km/h on. Early on October 17, the depression made landfall near Cocodrie, Louisiana. Shortly thereafter, the depression became an extratropical cyclone as it through the Southeast and Mid-Atlantic states, before moving offshore New England. Heavy rains fell along the frontal boundary ahead of the system, with a peak total of 9.01 in mm on of precipitation observed in Aimwell, Louisiana. Flooding occurred across eastern Louisiana, central Mississippi, the western Florida Panhandle, central Tennessee, western Virginia, and eastern New York. In Jackson, Mississippi, the heavy precipitation established a new daily rainfall record for October 16 and a new 24-hour rainfall record for the month of October. Eight bridges were damaged in Jackson County, Tennessee, due to the floods. Heavy rains left heavy damage to the soybean and corn crops in Hickman and Marion counties in Tennessee. Six tornadoes were reported in association with this tropical depression, including two in Alabama, two in northwest Florida, and two in North Carolina. One person died due to flooding in Mississippi.David M. Roth http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/td12aof1975.html Tropical Depression Twelve – October 15-20, 1975 November 23, 2008 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration February 23, 2017 Tropical Storm Hallie Atl Hallie 1975.jpg Hallie 1975 path.png October 24 October 27 45 1002 A frontal trough exited the East Coast of the United States on October 18. The southern portion of the system became stationary near the Bahamas; simultaneously, a cut-off upper-level low formed in the same region. The disturbance produced scattered convection, until a tropical wave merged with it on October 23. The system developed into a subtropical depression by October 24, while located about 100 mi km on east of Florida. The depression drifted northward on October 25 and eventually acquired tropical characteristics by October 26. Due to tropical storm force winds, the system was reclassified as Tropical Storm Hallie, while situated about 100 mi km on east of Charleston, South Carolina. Hallie accelerated to the northeast starting on October 26. By the following day, Hallie peaked with winds of 50 mph km/h on. Later that day, Hallie merged with a frontal zone and became extratropical offshore Virginia.Preliminary Report: Tropical Storm Hallie: October 24–28, 1975 1 National Hurricane Center November 12, 2016 http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1975-prelim/hallie/hallie1.gifPreliminary Report: Tropical Storm Hallie: October 24–28, 1975 2 National Hurricane Center November 12, 2016 http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1975-prelim/hallie/hallie2.gif The precursor to Hallie produced extensive cloudiness precipitation in the Bahamas.David M. Roth Tropical Storm Hallie – October 23–27, 1975 January 3, 2008 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Weather Prediction Center November 12, 2016 http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/hallie1975.html On October 27, gale warnings were issued for portions of the Outer Banks of North Carolina, and small craft advisories were posted for coastal areas from Georgia to Virginia.Associated Press Hallie Heads to Open Sea October 27, 1975 The Ledger September 2, 2022 https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=VtRHAAAAIBAJ&sjid=LowDAAAAIBAJ&pg=2581%2C774935 Tides along the North Carolina and Virginia coasts were generally between 1 and 2 ft m on above normal. Generally light precipitation fell, peaking at 2.55 in mm on in Manteo, North Carolina. Additionally, the pressure gradient between Hallie and a high pressure area increased winds across much of the East Coast of the United States. Tropical Storm Twenty-One Atl Twenty-One 1975-11-10 0912Z.png 21L 1975 path.png November 9 November 12 35 1004On November 8, Tropical Depression Twenty-One developed off the coast of Honduras. Moving north-northwestward, the system gradually intensified. Between November 9 and 10, reconnaissance missions into the storm found winds of 40 mph km/h on; however, the NHC did not operationally upgrade it to a tropical storm, because weakening occurred shortly thereafter. It would be upgraded in reanalysis. Over the following few days, the system gradually turned southward and made landfall in the southwestern edge of the Yucatán Peninsula on November 12, shortly before dissipating. Unnamed subtropical storm Atl subtropical Unnamed subtropical storm 1975-12-11.jpg 23L 1975 path.png December 9 December 12 60 985 List of off-season Atlantic hurricanes An extratropical low pressure system developed into a subtropical storm about 615 mi km on east-southeast of Newfoundland, at 12:00 UTC on December 9. The storm moved rapidly southward and intensified, reaching maximum sustained winds of 70 mph km/h on about 24 hours later, based on observations from an unidentified ship. Shortly thereafter, sustained winds began decreasing. However, late on December 11, the storm attained its minimum barometric pressure of 985 mbar inHg on. The system began moving southeastward and then eastward. By 12:00 UTC on December 12, the cyclone weakened to a subtropical depression. Moving northward, it dissipated 24 hours later, while situated about 505 mi km on south-southwest of the Azores. Other systems thumb|upright=.55|Tropical Depression Eleven over the Gulf of Mexico on September 7 Tropical Depression One formed on June 24, over the central Atlantic. It tracked westward for two days, before executing a counter-clockwise loop. By June 28, the system had completed the loop and turned northward. The depression dissipated on June 29 about 305 mi km on 5 southeast of Sable Island, an island located southeast of Nova Scotia. On September 3, two tropical depressions developed near Cabo Verde. The westernmost, designated Tropical Depression Nine, tracked generally westward and eventually dissipated near the Lesser Antilles on September 9. The easternmost, Tropical Depression Ten, also moved westward and dissipated on September 6. Short-lived Tropical Depression Eleven developed that same day over the Gulf of Mexico, then degenerated the next. Tropical Depression Twelve developed near Bermuda on September 11. Initially, the depression drifted northeastward but later accelerated and dissipated by September 14. Tropical Depression Sixteen developed near the Gulf of Honduras on September 25 and tracked slowly westward. By September 28, the depression made landfall in northern Belize before dissipating two days later. Tropical Depression Seventeen developed to the west of the Canary Islands on October 3, moving northwestward and then northeastward before dissipating southwest of the Azores on October 5. Tropical Depression Twenty formed on October 27 over the southwestern Caribbean Sea and tracked northwest. After turning nearly due west, the depression briefly made landfall near the Nicaragua–Honduras border and made another landfall in southern Belize shortly before dissipating on October 29. In late November, Tropical Depression Twenty-Two formed over the central Atlantic. A short-lived system, it formed on November 29 and dissipated on December 1. Storm names The following list of names was used for named storms that formed in the North Atlantic in 1975.https://www.newspapers.com/clip/9013172/the_postcrescent/ East coat hurricane target Associated Press The Post-Crescent June 1, 1975 1 Miami, Florida Newspapers.com https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/lib/lib1/nhclib/Publications/NatHurricaneOpsPlans/HOPs-1975.pdf 94 NOAA Office of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research Washington, D.C. National Hurricane Operations Plan May 1975 February 10, 2024 Storms were named Amy, Caroline, Doris, Eloise, and Faye for the first (and in the case of Eloise, only) time in 1975. Amy Blanche Caroline Doris Eloise Faye Gladys Hallie Ingrid Julia Kitty Lilly Mabel Niki Opal Peggy Ruby Sheila Tilda Vicky Winnie Retirement List of retired Atlantic hurricane names On account of severe damage associated with the storm, the name Eloise was later retired.https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutnames_history.shtml Tropical Cyclone Naming History and Retired Names National Hurricane Center Miami, Florida February 10, 2024 Due to the naming lists changing in 1979, no replacement name was selected. Season effects This is a table of all of the storms that formed in the 1975 Atlantic hurricane season. It includes their name, duration, peak classification and intensities, areas affected, damage, and death totals. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect (an example of an indirect death would be a traffic accident), but were still related to that storm. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical, a wave, or a low, and all of the damage figures are in 1975 USD. center 1975 North Atlantic tropical cyclone sstorm Unnamed January 4–9 65 (100) 1001 None None None cat1 Amy June 26July 4 80 (130) 981 North Carolina, Newfoundland Minimal 1 depression Three July 4–5 30 (45) 1012 None None None cat1 Blanche July 23–28 85 (140) 980 Maine, Nova Scotia $6.2 million None depression Five July 24–26 35 (55) 1008 Mexico Unknown None depression Six July 29August 1 35 (55) 1009 Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida >$8.5 million 3 cat3 Caroline August 24September 2 115 (185) 963 Cuba, Yucatán Peninsula Unknown 2 cat3 Doris August 28September 4 115 (185) 945 None None None depression Nine September 3–6 35 (55) Unknown None None None depression Ten September 4–8 35 (55) Unknown None None None depression Eleven September 6–8 30 (45) 1008 Mexico Unknown None cat3 Eloise September 13–24 125 (205) 955 Puerto Rico, Hispaniola, Florida, Alabama >$550 million 80 cat2 Faye September 18–29 105 (165) 977 Bermuda Minimal None cat4 Gladys September 22October 3 140 (220) 939 None None None depression Sixteen September 25–29 30 (45) 1010 Yucatán Peninsula Unknown None sdepression Eighteen October 15–16 35 (55) 1002 Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida Unknown 1 storm Hallie October 24–27 50 (85) 1002 South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia Minimal None depression Twenty October 27–29 35 (55) 1004 Nicaragua, Honduras, Belize Unknown None depression Twenty-One November 8–12 35 (55) 1004 Honduras, Yucatán peninsula Unknown None depression Twenty-Two November 29December 1 30 (45) 1003 None None None sstorm Unnamed December 6–12 70 (110) 985 None None None 21 January 4December 12 150 (240) 939 >$564.7 million 87 See also Tropical cyclones 1975 North Indian Ocean cyclone season 1975 Pacific hurricane season 1975 Pacific typhoon season Australian cyclone seasons: 1974–75, 1975–76 South Pacific cyclone seasons: 1974–75, 1975–76 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone seasons: 1974–75, 1975–76 South Atlantic tropical cyclone Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone References 2 External links HPC Rainfall page for 1975 tropical cyclones 1970 Atlantic hurricane 1975