2007 Yap Islands Zika virus outbreak

Disease outbreak in the Federated States of Micronesia August 2026 Yap Islands.png The Yap Islands in the Pacific Ocean, with a land area of 100.2 km2 sqmi and a population of 6,300 (in 2003) The 2007 Yap Islands Zika virus outbreak represented the first time Zika virus had been detected outside Africa and Asia. It occurred in the Yap Islands, an island chain in the Federated States of Micronesia. Zika virus (ZIKV) is a vector-borne flavivirus in the same family as yellow fever, dengue, West Nile and Japanese encephalitis viruses.http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/15/9/09-0442 Zika virus outside Africa September 2009 Hayes Edward B. Emerging Infectious Diseases 15 9 1347–1350 1080-6059 10.3201/eid1509.090442 2819875 19788800https://www.jgid.org/text.asp?2016/8/1/3/176140 The emergence of zika virus as a global health security threat: A review and a consensus statement of the INDUSEM Joint working Group (JWG) 11 February 2016 Sikka Veronica Chattu Vijay Kumar Popli Raaj K. Galwankar Sagar C. Kelkar Dhanashree Sawicki Stanley G. Stawicki Stanislaw P. Papadimos Thomas J. Journal of Global Infectious Diseases 8 1 3–15 en 0974-8245 10.4103/0974-777X.176140 27013839 3 4785754 free Epidemiology In 2007, physicians in the Yap Islands reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention an outbreak of an illness characterized by rash, conjunctivitis, and arthralgia. Initial serum testing revealed some patients had the IgM antibody against dengue virus, yet the patients' signs and symptoms were clinically distinct from dengue fever. Subsequent retesting using consensus primers detected the presence of Zika virus RNA.Duffy Mark R. Chen Tai-Ho Hancock W. Thane etal Zika virus outbreak on Yap Islands, Federated States of Micronesia New England Journal of Medicine 360 24 2536–43 11 June 2009 10.1056/NEJMoa0805715 19516034 free A household survey was conducted to determine the proportion of Yap residents with the IgM antibody against Zika virus and to identify possible mosquito vectors of Zika virus. In total, the Yap Islands outbreak had 49 confirmed and 59 probable cases of Zika virus disease. The patients resided in 9 of the 10 municipalities on Yap. None of the patients required hospitalization. No hemorrhagic manifestations occurred and no deaths resulted. It was estimated that 73% (95% confidence interval, 68 to 77) of Yap residents 3 years of age or older had been recently infected with Zika virus. Aedes hensilli was the predominant mosquito species identified. The outbreak of Zika fever in Micronesia demonstrated the transmission of Zika virus outside Africa and Asia. This was considered a significant finding in that previously only 14 cases of Zika virus had been documented since the virus was first identified in 1947. Prior to the Yap Islands outbreak, no previous outbreaks of Zika virus had ever been reported and only 14 cases had been documented since the virus was first isolated in 1947. All previous cases had occurred within Africa and Asia. Reservoir Aedes aegypti has been recognized as the vector of Zika virus. The virus was first isolated in 1947 from a sentinel rhesus monkey stationed on a tree platform in the Zika forest, Uganda.Philip S. Corbet Observations on Mosquitoes Ovipositing in Small Containers in Zika Forest, Uganda Journal of Animal Ecology 33 1 141–164 February 1964 2354 10.2307/2354 1964JAnEc..33..141C Transmission Transmission is typically via the bite of the Aedes aegypti mosquito, although in this outbreak, Aedes hensilli was the predominant mosquito species identified.S.D.K. Sempala Seasonal population dynamics of the immature stages of Aedes africanus (Theobald) (Diptera: Culicidae) in Zika Forest, Uganda March 1983 73 1 11–18 http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract;jsessionid=2C41D3D5E7CBA35498615FAA46804BCD.journals?fromPage=online&aid=2379708 Bulletin of Entomological Research 10.1017/S0007485300013742 14 July 2013 subscription See also Viruses 2013–2014 Zika virus outbreaks in Oceania Zika virus outbreak in the Americas (2015–present) References External links Flaviviridae Genomes database search results from the Viral Bioinformatics Resource Center Viralzone: Flaviviridae Virus Pathogen Database and Analysis Resource (ViPR): Flaviviridae Consensus primers Category:2007 disease outbreaks Category:2007 in the Federated States of Micronesia Category:Disease outbreaks in the Federated States of Micronesia Yap Zika virus outbreak