1454

1454 250px|thumb|August 30: Milan, Venice, Florence, the Papal States and Naples create alliance of the major powers of Italy. 1454 Year 1454 (MCDLIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. Events January–March January 6 – Mehmed II, the Muslim Sultan of the Ottoman empire, restores the Christian Ecumenical Orthodox Patriarchate of Constantinople, and appoints the Byzantine Greek theologian Gennadius Scholarius as the Patriarch Gennadius II.Nicolle David Constantinople 1453: The End of Byzantium Osprey Publishing 2000 17 1-84176-091-9 February 4 – The cause of the Thirteen Years' War is set when the Secret Council of the Prussian Confederation sends a formal act of disobedience to the Grand Master, and the citizens of Toruń rebel against the Teutonic Knights, beginning the conflict.Daniel Stone (2001). The Polish–Lithuanian State, 1386–1795. University of Washington Press. pp. 29–30. March 6 – Casimir IV Jagiellon of Poland renounces allegiance to the Teutonic Knights and the Prussian Confederation pledges its allegiance to him. March 27 – Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York, becomes Protector for King Henry VI of England, who is in a catatonic state. April–June April 9 – Treaty of Lodi: Francesco Sforza forms a triple alliance between the Duchy of Milan, the Republic of Florence and Kingdom of Naples.Christina J. Moose Great Events from History: The Renaissance & early modern era, 1454-1600 https://books.google.com/books?id=oKXxAAAAMAAJ 2005 Salem Press 978-1-58765-215-8 15 May 8 – Catalan Grimaldi becomes the new Lord of Monaco upon the death of his father, Jean I Grimaldi.Dezobry et Bachelet, Dictionnaire de biographie, vol. 1, (Ch. Delagrave, 1878) p. 1237 May 28 – King Casimir IV of Poland receives an oath of allegiance from the citizens of Toruń and other cities in the Chelmno area.Górski Karol Związek Pruski i poddanie się Prus Polsce: zbiór tekstów źródłowych 1949 Instytut Zachodni Poznań 76–77 pl June 11 – In Poland, the landholders and bishops of Elbing (now Elbląg) pledge allegiance to King Casimir IV, and Danzig (now Gdańsk) follows on June 16. June 13 – The canton of St. Gallen is accepted as an associate state of the Swiss Confederation.W. A. B. Coolidge. "St Gall (town)". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press, 1911. p. 4 Ulrich II, Count of Celje becomes the new Ban of Slavonia upon the death of his father, Frederick II.Eberhard Windeck, Kaiser Sigismunds Buch, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Cod. 13975, Vol. 1, fol. 224v-225v. June 19 – In Poland, Königsberg (now Kaliningrad in Russia) pledges its allegiance to Casimir IV with the city's Chancellor, Jan Taszka Koniecpolski, delivering the oath on behalf of the estates and cities of Lower Prussia.Dyskant Józef Wiesław Zatoka Świeża 1463 Bellona 2009 9788311115712 Warsaw July–September July 12 – Within the Duchy of Pomerania in Germany, the Hanseatic League town of Stralsund ends its resistance to the Pomeranian dukes and enters into a peace agreement.Geschichte in Daten. Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Gerhard Heitz Henning Rischer Koehler&Amelang Münster-Berlin 1995 192 3-7338-0195-4 German July 21 – At Valladolid, Enrique IV is proclaimed as the new King of Castile on the day after the death of his father, King Juan II.Martín José-Luis Enrique IV de Castilla : Rey de Navarra, Príncipe de Cataluña 2002 Nerea Hondarribia 84-89569-82-7 52644522 July 31 – In France, the rebel Pierre II de Montferrand, former Governor of Baye, is beheaded, drawn and quartered after his July 14 conviction for treason.Florent Palluault Fabrice Vigier L'exécution de Pierre de Montferrand, sire de Lesparre, à Poitiers le 31 juillet 1454 The execution of Pierre de Montferrand, lord of Lesparre, at Poitiers on 31 July 1454 Revue historique du Centre-Ouest XVII (17) 153–156 2018 1767-6320 Shortly afterward, Montferrand is beheaded, then drawn and quartered. August 22 – In Moldavia, Petru Aron retakes the throne from Alexăndrel.Constantin Rezachevici, Cronologia critică a domnilor din Țara Românească și Moldova, a. 1324 - 1881 ("Critical Chronology of the Lords of Wallachia and Moldavia, 1324-1881"), vol. I, (Bucharest: Editura Enciclopedică, 2001) 973-45-0387-1 August 26 – At Elbistan, capital of the principality of Dulkadir, Malik Arslan becomes the new ruler upon the death of his father, Suleiman of Dulkadir.Yinanç Refet Dulkadir Beyliği 1989 Turkish Historical Society Press Ankara 58 9751601711 21676736 tr August 30 – The Italic League is concluded in Venice as an alliance between the Republic of Venice, the Papal States, the Duchy of Milan, the Republic of Florence, and the Kingdom of Naples.Roland Sarti Italic League Italy https://books.google.com/books?id=xhoLorFC1iwC&pg=PA342 342 Infobase Publishing 2004 978-0816-07474-7 September 18 – Thirteen Years' War – Battle of Chojnice: The Polish army is defeated by a smaller but more professional Teutonic army. September 24 – At the Battle of Leskovac, Nikola Skobaljić, voivode of Dubočica, defeats Ottoman Turks invading Serbia.Mihailović Konstantin https://ekitapstore.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/konstantin-mihailovic%CC%A7-bir-yenic%CC%A7erinin-hat%C4%B1ralar%C4%B1.pdf Bir Yeniçerinin Hatıraları Ayrıntı Yayınları 2012 978-975-539-754-2 Kıcıroğlu Nuri Fudayl 85–86 tr Memoirs of a Janissary Yirmi Yedinci Kısım: Mehmed Despotla Olan Antlaşmasına Nasıl İhanet Etti Chapter Twenty Seven: How Mehmed Betrayed His Treaty With The Despot Ekim Behiç Anıl October–December October 2 – At the Battle of Kruševac, the Serbian Army, commanded by General Skobaljić with the assistance of troops from John Hunyadi and Đurađ Branković, destroys Ottoman invaders commanded by Feriz Beg. October 9 – Thirteen Years' War: The Malbork treaty is concluded between the authorities of the Teutonic Order and the mercenary forces fighting for the Teutonic Order. November 16 – Nikola Skobaljić, the Serbian voivode of Dubočica who had resisted Ottoman rule, is defeated by the armies of the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II and is taken prisoner. Skobaljić is executed by impalement at the Mehmed's command, and his head is sent to Constantinople to serve as an example of the punishment for people who resist the Ottoman Sultan.Franz Babinger, Mehmed the Conqueror and his time (Princeton University Press, 1978) p.110 December 12 (Julian calendar, December 21 Gregorian) – (24th day of 11th month of Kyotuku 3) An earthquake estimated by geologists at 8.4 magnitude strikes off the east coast of Japan and causes a tsunami that kills an indeterminate number of people in the Kantō region and the Tōhoku region.Sawai Y. Namegaya Y. Tamura T. Nakashuima R. Tanigawa K. 2015 Shorter intervals between great earthquakes near Sendai: Scour ponds and a sand layer attributable to A.D. 1454 overwash Geophysical Research Letters 42 12 4795–4800 10.1002/2015GL064167 2015GeoRL..42.4795S free December – King Henry VI of England having regained his sanity dismisses the Duke of York as Protector. Date unknown The press of Johannes Gutenberg (at Mainz on the Rhine) produces the first printed documents bearing a date. Isaac Zarfati sends a circular letter to Rhineland, Swabia, Moravia and Hungary, praising the happy conditions of the Jews under the crescent, in contrast to the "great torture chamber" under the cross, and urging them to come to the Ottoman Empire.http://www.turkishjews.com/history/letter.asp Letter of Rabbi Isaac Zarfati Turkishjews.com 2016-07-09 The Statutes of Nieszawa are enacted in Poland. The Drought of One Rabbit is recorded in Aztec history. Births June 3 – Bogislaw X, Duke of Pomerania (1474–1523) (d. 1523) June 16 – Joanna of Aragon, Queen of Naples (d. 1517) July 14 – Poliziano, Italian humanist (d. 1494) September 4 – Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, English politician (d. 1483) September 24 – Gerold Edlibach, Swiss historian (d. 1530) November 25 – Catherine Cornaro, Queen of Cyprus (d. 1510) date unknown Domenico Maria Novara da Ferrara, Italian astronomer (d. 1504) Pinturicchio, Italian painter (d. 1513) Choe Bu, Korean official and venturer to China (d. 1504) Alexander Stewart, Duke of Albany (d. 1485) Deaths March 22 – John Kemp, Archbishop of Canterbury July 20 – King John II of Castile (b. 1405) December 10 – Ignatius Behnam Hadloyo, Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch.Barsoum Ephrem 2003 The Scattered Pearls: A History of Syriac Literature and Sciences 2nd Gorgias Press Matti Moosa Ignatius Aphrem I Barsoum 497 date unknown Chiara Zorzi, regent of Athens William Turnbull, Bishop of Glasgow Robert Wingfield, English politician (b. 1403) References