2008 Nobel Prizes

none The 2008 Nobel Prizes were awarded by the Nobel Foundation, based in Sweden. Six categories were awarded: Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, Peace, and Economic Sciences.All Nobel Prizes https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/lists/all-nobel-prizes/2009-2000/ 2024-12-10 NobelPrize.org en-US Nobel Week took place from December 6 to 12, including programming such as lectures, dialogues, and discussions. The award ceremony and banquet for the Peace Prize were scheduled in Oslo on December 10, while the award ceremony and banquet for all other categories were scheduled for the same day in Stockholm.2013-06-01 The Nobel Banquet 2008 https://www.nobelprize.org/ceremony/the-nobel-banquet-2008-2008/ 2024-12-10 NobelPrize.org en-USRoyen Ulrika 2013-06-01 The Nobel Peace Prize Award Ceremony 2008 https://www.nobelprize.org/ceremony/the-nobel-peace-prize-award-ceremony-2008/ 2024-12-10 NobelPrize.org en-US Prizes Physics +Awardee(s)101x101pxMakoto Kobayashi (b. 1944)Japan Japanese"for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature"The Nobel Prize in Physics 2008 http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2008/index.html live https://web.archive.org/web/20081008214840/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2008/index.html 8 October 2008 9 October 2008 Nobel Foundation100x100pxToshihide Maskawa (1940–2021)88x88pxYoichiro Nambu (1921–2015)Japan Japanese United States American"for the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics" Chemistry Awardee(s)96x96pxOsamu Shimomura (1928–2018)Japan JapaneseAs of 26 October 2008, the nobelprize.org website page for the 2008 award gives Shimomura's country as "USA". However, the press release from the Nobel Foundation on 8 October 2008, announcing the award, states that Shimomura is a Japanese citizen. 8 October 2008 The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008–Press Release http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2008/press.html live https://web.archive.org/web/20081009174913/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2008/press.html 9 October 2008 8 October 2008 Nobel Foundation"for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008 http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2008/index.html live https://web.archive.org/web/20081009163219/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2008/index.html 9 October 2008 8 October 2008 Nobel Foundation104x104pxMartin Chalfie (b. 1947)United States American110x110pxRoger Y. Tsien (1952–2016) Physiology or Medicine Awardee(s)106x106pxHarald zur Hausen (1936–2023)Germany"for his discovery of human papilloma viruses causing cervical cancer"The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2008 http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2008/index.html live https://web.archive.org/web/20081009040944/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2008/index.html 9 October 2008 28 July 2007 Nobel Foundation104x104pxFrançoise Barré-Sinoussi (b. 1947)France 1974 France"for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus"95x95pxLuc Montagnier (1932–2022) Literature Awardee(s)119x119pxJean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio (b. 1940)France Mauritius"author of new departures, poetic adventure and sensual ecstasy, explorer of a humanity beyond and below the reigning civilization"Nobel Prize in Literature 2008 http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2008/index.html live https://web.archive.org/web/20081012000137/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2008/index.html 12 October 2008 14 October 2008 Nobel Foundation Peace Awardee(s)112x112pxMartti Ahtisaari (1937–2023)Finland"for his important efforts, on several continents and over more than three decades, to resolve international conflicts."The Nobel Peace Prize 2008 https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2008/ live https://web.archive.org/web/20180208182946/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2008/ 2018-02-08 2008-10-10 Nobel Foundation Economic Sciences Awardee(s)92x92pxPaul Krugman (b. 1953)United States"for his analysis of trade patterns and location of economic activity"The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2008 http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/2008/ live https://web.archive.org/web/20081014114055/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/2008/ 2008-10-14 2008-10-14 Nobel Foundation Controversies Physics Half of the 2008 Physics Prize went to Makoto Kobayashi and Toshihide Maskawa for their 1972 work on quark mixing. This postulated the existence of three additional quarks beyond the three then known to exist and used this postulate to provide a possible mechanism for CP violation, which had been observed 8 years earlier.http://nobelprize.org https://web.archive.org/web/20060405023917/http://nobelprize.org/ 5 April 2006 2008 Nobel Prize in Physics – Scientific Background 8 October 2009. nobelprize.org Their work expanded and reinterpreted research by the Italian physicist Nicola Cabibbo, dating to 1963, before the quark model was even introduced. The resulting quark mixing matrix, which described probabilities of different quarks to turn into each other under the action of the weak force, is known as CKM matrix, after Cabibbo, Kobayashi, and Maskawa. Cabibbo arguably merited a share of the award.Physics Nobel snubs key researcher – physics-math – 7 October 2008. New Scientist. Retrieved 20 March 2011. The recipient of the other half of the 2008 prize was Yoichiro Nambu for the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics.Yoichiro Nambu Les Prix Nobel. The Nobel Prizes 2008 2008 The Nobel Foundation Stockholm https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2008/nambu.html Yoichiro Nambu Karl Grandin 22 May 2012 The fundamental step in this field is the Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model (NJL model), developed together with the Italian theoretical physicist Giovanni Jona-Lasinio, who was left out of the prize like Cabibbo. In recognition to his colleague's work, Nambu asked Jona-Lasinio to hold the Nobel Lecture at the Stockholm University in his place.https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2008/nambu-lecture.html Yoichiro Nambu – Nobel Lecture: Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking in Particle Physics: a Case of Cross Fertilization Nobelprize.org 8 December 2008 26 March 2013 As the prize is awarded each year to at most three people for no more than two different research works, the committee was forced to skip one member each from both the CKM and the NJL workgroups. Chemistry The 2008 Chemistry Prize was awarded to Osamu Shimomura, Martin Chalfie and Roger Y. Tsien for their work on green fluorescent protein (GFP). A fourth potential recipient, Douglas Prasher, was the first to clone the GFP gene and suggest its use as a biological tracer; however, he had left academia and was working as a courtesy shuttle bus driver - a fact which received considerable media coverage.https://www.the-scientist.com/news-opinion/what-ever-happened-to-douglas-prasher-39722 Bob Grant What Ever Happened to Douglas Prasher? 26 February 2013 The Scientist 30 June 2019 3 April 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190403000334/https://www.the-scientist.com/news-opinion/what-ever-happened-to-douglas-prasher-39722 dead Benderly B. L. 10.1126/science.caredit.a0900021 Taken for Granted: The Man Who Wasn't There Science 2009 Lack of support for Prasher's work, and failure to get tenure at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute in Massachusetts where he was employed, caused Prasher to leave this field of research in 1992, but not before he offered samples of the gene to any interested researchers, including Chalfie and Tsien.http://discovermagazine.com/2011/apr/30-how-bad-luck-networking-cost-prasher-nobel How Bad Luck & Bad Networking Cost Douglas Prasher a Nobel Prize Discover Magazine Tsien noted the prize is usually awarded for "specific discoveries" and that he had put forward Shimomura and Prasher to the Nobel Committee in 2004. Chalfie stated, "Douglas Prasher's work was critical and essential for the work we did in our lab. They could've easily given the prize to Douglas and the other two and left me out."http://www.capecodonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20081011/NEWS/810110328 Shuttle driver reflects on Nobel snub Cape Cod Times Aaron Gouveia 11 October 2008 2008-10-11 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20081011230049/http://www.capecodonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20081011%2FNEWS%2F810110328 11 October 2008 Roger Tsien had offered Prasher a job when his academic career stalled. Eventually, Prasher accepted the offer and moved in 2013 to UCSD to join Tsien's lab. Physiology or Medicine zur Hausen's award for the Physiology or Medicine Prize was overshadowed by a brief investigation into possible corruptive influences between the Nobel Foundation and AstraZeneca, a pharmaceutical company that had major stake in HPV vaccines. Although it was revealed that two senior officials on the selection committee had ties to AstraZeneca, no formal indictment happened.Phillips Jak 2011-10-07 Top 10 Nobel Prize Controversies - TIME https://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2096389_2096388_2096385,00.html 2024-12-10 Time en-US 0040-781X Many also showed dismay at the lack of acknowledgement for Robert Gallo's contributions to HIV/AIDS research.Ballantyne Coco 2008-11-01 Nobel decision stirs viral dismay https://www.nature.com/articles/nm1108-1132b Nature Medicine en 14 11 1132 10.1038/nm1108-1132b 18989265 1546-170X subscription References Category:Nobel Prize by year Category:2008 awards