13th-century Byzantine domes

The Late Byzantine Period, from 1204 to 1453, has an unsettled chronology of buildings, especially during the Latin Occupation. The fragmentation of the empire, beginning in 1204, is reflected in a fragmentation of church design and regional innovations.Ousterhout 2008b 361 Despotate of Epirus thumb|right|alt=Exterior of the Church of the Parigoritissa, showing the five domes|The Church of the Parigoritissa in Arta, Greece In the Despotate of Epirus, the church of St. Nicholas in Mesopotam (first third of the 13th century) was built with two identical naoi and two apses, like the earlier church of Üçayak. Although it has been called "the finest expression of the regional Epirote architectural paradigm", it has been remodeled over the centuries and is covered by four domes, two over each naos.Mihaljević 2014 745 The two spaces may have been to allow relic visitation by pilgrims to be kept separate from normal liturgical functions.Mihaljević 2014 746 In the Despotate of Epirus, the Church of the Parigoritissa (1282–9) is the most complex example, with a domed octagon core and domed ambulatory.Ousterhout 2008b 362 Columns beneath the dome rest on cantilevered supports and large wooden tie-beams have remained in place to ensure stability. Its eccentric design results in a very high dome with a steep viewing angle, which may explain the unusually large Pantokrator image on the dome.Shearman 1992 163 Built in the capital of Arta, its external appearance resembles a cubic palace. The upper level narthex and galleries have five domes, with the middle dome of the narthex an open lantern. This Greek-cross octagon design, similar to the earlier example at Daphni, is one of several among the various Byzantine principalities. Another is found in the Hagia Theodoroi at Mistra (1290–6).Krautheimer 1986 417–418 Churches in Epirus with domed narthexes included St. Theodora in Arta el Αγία Θεοδώρα Άρτας (ναός) (second half of the 13th century), Panagia Vlacherna (narthex added after 1284), and Panagia Vellas (1295-1296).Stanković 2024 317 Another church with a domed narthex was the Church of the Virgin Peribleptos in Ohrid (1294-1295).Stanković 2024 317-318 Empire of Trebizond The church of Hagia Sophia in the Empire of Trebizond dates to between 1238 and 1263 and has a variation on the quincunx plan. Heavy with traditional detailing from Asia Minor, and possibly Armenian or Georgian influence, the brick pendentives and drum of the dome remain Byzantine.Krautheimer 1986 418, 420 Empire of Nicaea and the restored Byzantine Empire After 1261, new church architecture in Constantinople consisted mainly of additions to existing monastic churches, such as the Monastery of Lips and Pammakaristos Church, and as a result the building complexes are distinguished in part by an asymmetric array of domes on their roofs. This effect may have been in imitation of the earlier triple-church Pantokrator monastic complex.Ousterhout 2008b 361–362 The restored drum of the church of the Agioi Theodoroi (1290-1296) in Mystras has windows that alternate with external niches.Patricios 2020 108 The church of Haghioi Apostoloi in the village of Pyrgi on Chios was built in the 13th or 14th centuries, inspired by the katholikon of Mea Moni.Bouras 1979 26 See also Domes List of Roman domes History of architecture References Citations 25em 20em Sources 35em Bouras Charalambos 1979 Twelfth and Thirteenth Century Variations of the Single Domed Octagon Plan (pl. 3-6) Deltion of the Christian Archaeological Society 9 The Christian Archaeological Society (ChAE) 21–34 https://scholar.archive.org/work/g6v2ogwxnrhfhmlxe34d66s2zq/access/wayback/https://ejournals.epublishing.ekt.gr/index.php/deltion/article/download/4540/4316 10.12681/dchae.869 Krautheimer Richard 1986 Early Christian and Byzantine Architecture Yale University Press New Haven, CT 4th https://books.google.com/books?id=WXwX7fQ2DkUC 978-0-300-05294-7 Mihaljević Marina 2014 Üçayak: a forgotten Byzantine church Byzantinische Zeitschrift 107 2 De Gruyter Berlin https://www.academia.edu/download/36601650/Mihaljevic_Ucayak_Academia.pdf 725–754 10.1515/bz-2014-0018 Ousterhout Robert 2008 Chapter II.7.2: Churches and Monasteries Jeffreys Elizabeth Haldon John Cormack Robin The Oxford Handbook of Byzantine Studies Oxford University Press Oxford, England https://books.google.com/books?id=liFKua_cWL8C 978-0-19-925246-6 Ousterhout 2008b Patricios Nicholas N. 2020 The Dome in Byzantine Church Architecture Byzantina Symmeikta 30 Section of Byzantine Research (SBR) of the Institute of Historical Research (IHR) of the Hellenic National Research Foundation (HNRF) Athens, Greece https://ejournals.epublishing.ekt.gr/index.php/bz/article/view/20382/19184 85–130 10.12681/byzsym.20382 Shearman John IV Domes 1992 149–191 Only Connect: Art and the Spectator in the Italian Renaissance 5579 https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvhhhdpb.9 Princeton University Press 10.2307/j.ctvhhhdpb.9 Stanković Nebojša P. 2024 Royal Canopy over the Church Entrance: Forms, Spatial Contexts, Iconographic Programs, and Meaning of the Dome in Serbian Narthexes of the 14th Century Зборник Радова Филозофског Факултета У Приштини 54 3 Универзитет у Приштини 309–347 10.5937/zrffp54-53038 https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=1275222 free Category:Byzantine architecture Category:Domes Category:History of structural engineering