12th millennium BC

Millennium between 12,000 BC and 11,001 BC -12 May 2025 The 12th millennium BC spanned the years 12,000 BC to 11,001 BC (c. 14 ka to c. 13 ka). This millennium is during the Upper Paleolithic period. The Paleolithic–Mesolithic transition began in the Near East during this millennium.Otte 2009 538 It is impossible to precisely date events that happened during this millennium, and all dates associated with this millennium are estimates mostly based on geological analysis, anthropological analysis, and radiometric dating. Göbekli Tepe, Urfa.jpg Karahantepe7.jpg Nevali Çori kazı alanı maketi (2).jpg Gobekli Tepe, Karahan Tepe, and Nevali Cori were occupied in the 12th millennium BC Geology Animals The Horn core of Saiga tatarica is from the Komishan cave that indicates an occupation of the cave at the end of this millennium.Fereidoun 2010 35 In France, the first incisor from a red deer is dated to the 13–12th millennium BC.Binois Bridault Pion Ducrocq 2014 During this millennium, the first dog remains came from the Natufian culture of the southern Levant.Arbuckle 2012 210 Environmental changes There is material evidence for the build up of the Mediterranean islands that is pointing to such activity as early as the 12–11th millennium BC.Bechtold Mussak 2009 3 More than a century ago, it first became clear how much of the Magdalenian and Azilian underwent change in Western Europe.Valentin 2008 Since that time, these mutations succeeding one another between the 14th and 12th millennium BC, particularly during the Lateglacial warming, were often seen as a real revolution, frequently described through the filter of myths of catastrophes which then inspired and at times still influences prehistoric research.Valentin 2008 Human culture Humans No concrete archaeological evidence was found to substantiate a human presence in Egypt throughout this millennium, according to Egyptologists.Bauval Brophy 2013 The time gap has been filled, at least, with comparable discoveries made at Tushka in Egypt during this millennium, showing continuity of human presence in the area from this antiquity all the way down to the start of history.Wyatt Wyatt 2014 424 Technology and agriculture The frequency of occurrence of fundamental tool groups such as end-scrapers, burins, truncated pieces, backed pieces, perforators, and combination tools in Moravian inventory is most closely matched and is dated to the late 13th – early 11th millennium BC.Wiśniewski Mroczek Rodzik Zagórski 2012 309 From the 17th to the 9th millennium BC, no surface pressure flaking technology is known to have existed in Europe.Desrosiers 2012 269 Only this millennium has the first conclusive evidence for deep-sea fishing and navigation in the Strait of Gibraltar crossing.Graciá Giménez Anadón Harris 2013 In Early Pre-Pottery Neolithic, the seeds of bitter vetch were found among both the earliest findings of wild collected plants from this millennium and the storages of domesticated crops of the Near East Neolithic.Mikić 2016 The Neolithic era was originated with agriculture in the Middle East around this millennium.Boucherit 2014 13 Other cultural developments The Hamburg cultures prevailed in Schleswig-Holstein around the second half of this millennium.Kobusiewicz 1973 75 The sites, Göbekli Tepe, Gusir Höyük, Nevali Çori, and Karahan Tepe, have generated convincing proof of public rituals performed by shaman-like ritual practitioners and also indicate that collective celebrations of rites and rituals have existed since this millennium.Kolankaya-Bostanci 2014 190 McNeish's excavations in Mexico's Tehuacan Valley have revealed a series of cave cultural layers dating back to this millennium.Kabo Y'Edynak Forni Galvin 1985 607 Jebel Sahaba, a prehistoric site of protracted violence, probably dates to this millennium.Crevecoeur Dias-Meirinho Zazzo Antoine 2021 Notes Bibliography Webpages Boucherit Gilles Irish and Breton Megalithism https://hal.science/hal–01373330/ hal.science Bretagne/Irlande : Quelles relations? Centre De Recherche Bretonne Et Celtique 1 June 2023 13 13 June 2014 Books Bechtold Thomas Mussak Rita Handbook of Natural Colorants 6 April 2009 John Wiley & Sons 9780470744963 3 https://books.google.com/books?id=hBFxuH5uXyIC 22 February 2023 English Arbuckle Benjamin S. Potts D.T Animals in the Ancient World 2012 Blackwell Publishing 210 1st https://www.academia.edu/download/14425124/Arbuckle_2012_Animals_in_the_Ancient_World.pdf 25 May 2023 11 Desrosiers Pierre M. The Emergence of Pressure Blade Making: from Origin to Modern Experimentation 13 March 2012 Springer New York 9781461420033 269 https://books.google.com/books?id=Qjm8IbYgnmAC 25 May 2023 English Bauval Robert Brophy Thomas Imhotep the African: Architect of the Cosmos September 2013 Red Wheel Weiser 9781609258603 https://books.google.com/books?id=AFrlmG129pUC 28 May 2023 English 1 Journals Binois Annelise Bridault Anne Pion Gilbert Ducrocq Thierry Dental Development Pathology in Wild artiodactyls: Two Prehistoric Case Studies from France International Journal of Paleopathology March 2014 4 1 53–58 10.1016/j.ijpp.2013.11.002 29539502 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1879981713001320 2 March 2023 English Mikić Aleksandar Presence of Vetches (Vicia spp.) in Agricultural and Wild Floras of Ancient Europe Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 5 March 2016 63 4 745–754 10.1007/s10722-016-0382-3 254506719 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10722-016-0382-3 2 March 2023 subscription Valentin Boris Magdalenian and Azilian Lithic Productions in the Paris Basin: Disappearance of a Programmed Economy The Arkotek Journal 2008 2 1 https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/43a389c6-5f75-39aa-bfb9-f498529c3d7d/ 2 March 2023 English Kobusiewicz Michał Problems concerning Hamburgian Culture in Central Europe Przegląd Archeologiczny 1973 21 1 75 https://rcin.org.pl/dlibra/show-content/publication/edition/61143?id=61143 3 March 2023 English Crevecoeur Isabelle Dias-Meirinho Marie-Hélène Zazzo Antoine Antoine Daniel Bon François 2021 New insights on interpersonal violence in the Late Pleistocene based on the Nile valley cemetery of Jebel Sahaba Scientific Reports en 11 1 9991 10.1038/s41598-021-89386-y free 34045477 8159958 2021NatSR..11.9991C 2045-2322 https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41598-021-89386-y/MediaObjects/41598_2021_89386_MOESM1_ESM.pdf Kabo Vladimir Y'Edynak Gloria Forni Gaetano Galvin Kathleen F. Heskel Dennis L. Rosen Steven A. Shnirelman V. A. Smith Andrew B. Watkins Trevor The Origins of the Food-producing Economy [and Comments and Reply] Current Anthropology 1985 26 5 607 10.1086/203349 2743082 156036244 https://www.jstor.org/stable/2743082 10 March 2023 English subscription Otte Marcel The Paleolithic-Mesolithic Transition Sourcebook of Paleolithic Transitions 2009 1 1 538 10.1007/978-0-387-76487-0_35 978-0-387-76478-8 http://www.continuitas.org/texts/otte_transition.pdf 5 May 2023 21 April 2025 https://web.archive.org/web/20250421051213/http://www.continuitas.org/texts/otte_transition.pdf dead Fereidoun Biglari Iranian Archaeology 1, Special Issue on Paleolithic Period Iranian Archaeology January 2010 1 1 35 https://www.academia.edu/48906550 17 May 2023 Wiśniewski Tomasz S Mroczek Przemysław Rodzik Jan Zagórski Piotr Wilczyński Jacek R Fišáková Miriam Nývltová Erratum to "On the Periphery of the Magdalenian World: an open-air Site in Klementowice (Lublin Upland, Eastern Poland)" [Quat. Int. 272–273 (2012) 308–321] Quaternary International 25 October 2012 276–277 1 309 10.1016/j.quaint.2012.08.2106 2012QuInt.276..300W https://www.academia.edu/download/32033159/Klementowice_QI_2012.pdf 25 May 2023 Graciá Eva Giménez Andrés Anadón José Daniel Harris D. James Fritz Uwe Botella Francisco The Uncertainty of Late Pleistocene Range Expansions in the Western Mediterranean: a Case Study of the Colonization of south-eastern Spain by the spur-thighed tortoise,Testudo graeca Journal of Biogeography February 2013 40 2 323–334 10.1111/jbi.12012 2013JBiog..40..323G 10261/72475 44550153 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jbi.12012 30 May 2023 free subscription Wyatt Nick Wyatt Simon The Longue Durée in the Beef Business 2014 424 https://www.academia.edu/4038225 31 May 2023 Kolankaya-Bostanci Neyir The Evidence of Shamanism Rituals in Early Prehistoric Periods of Europe and Anatolia Colloquium Anatolicum 1 June 2014 1 13 190 https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/collan/issue/61597/919791 31 May 2023 -88