110P/Hartley

Periodic comet May 2025 other comets discovered by Malcolm Hartley Comet Hartley (disambiguation)Comet Hartley 110P/Hartley 110P 2021-11-20 image ZTF-sso-568-zg-fov-7.0arcmin.png Comet Hartley 3 imaged from the Zwicky Transient Facility on 20 November 2021 IAUC_4553 Malcolm Hartley Siding Spring Observatory(UK Schmidt Telescope) 19 February 1988 P/1988 D1, P/1993 M1 Hartley 3 1987 XII, 1994 XII 1988d, 1993m jpldata MPC 25 February 2023 (JD 2460000.5) 38.48 yearsobs_arc 4,010 2.455 AU 4.752 AU 3.604 AU 6.841 years 0.31870 11.705° 287.52° 167.46° 71.255° 2.990 1.483 AU 0.478 AU jpldata 2.31 ± 0.03 km miKnight_2024 530 70 kg/m3Paradowski_2022 10.153 0.001 hoursKokotanekova_2017 (V–R) 0.67 0.09 4.3 13.3 18 October 2021 28 August 2028Yoshida Comet Hartley 3 is a periodic comet with a six-year orbit around the Sun. It is one of ten comets discovered by Australian astronomer, Malcolm Hartley. Observational history Discovery The comet appeared as a weak trail at magnitude 16.5 on the edge of its discovery plates, which were taken from the UK Schmidt Telescope of the Siding Spring Observatory.Kronk Meyer Seargent 2017 349 By 22 February, Hartley confirmed his discovery using the same telescope, and found a tail about 10 arcminutes in length.IAUC_4553 From the Palomar Observatory, both Carolyn and Eugene Shoemaker found two precovery images of the comet about 4.8 hours before its official discovery.IAUC_4558 By then, it was determined that Hartley's find is definitely a short-period comet.IAUC_4558 Follow-up observations Six observatories around the globe made observations of Hartley 3 in March 1988, including those made by Tsutomu Seki, Robert H. McNaught, James V. Scotti, and David H. Levy.Kronk Meyer Seargent 2017 349 By April 1988, revised orbital calculations by Brian G. Marsden indicated that the comet completes an elliptical orbit once every 6.85 years.IAUC_4576 Hartley 3 was successfully recovered by James V. Scotti using the Spacewatch telescope of the Kitt Peak Observatory on 23 June 1993.IAUC_5828 Physical characteristics Observations by the Hubble Space Telescope in 2004 and 2011 revealed that the effective radius of its nucleus is around 2.15 0.04 km and a rotation period of 9.4 1.0 hours.Lamy_2004 Lamy_2011 Later ground observations from Pan-STARRS and other sky surveys revised the radius and rotation periods to 2.31 0.03 km and 10.153 0.001 hours, respectively.Kokotanekova_2017 Notes "obs_arc" Observation arc from the Minor Planet Center database covering dates from 19 February 1988 until 14 August 2026. References M. Hartley R. H. McNaught D. W. Green Comet Hartley (1988d) http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/iauc/04500/04553.html IAU Circular 1 23 February 1988 4553 1988IAUC.4553....1H C. S. Shoemaker E. M. Shoemaker M. Hartley R. H. McNaught D. W. Green Periodic Comet Hartley (1988d) http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/iauc/04500/04558.html IAU Circular 1 1 March 1988 4558 1988IAUC.4558....1S B. G. Marsden Periodic Comet Hartley (1988d) http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/iauc/04500/04576.html IAU Circular 2 4 April 1988 4576 1988IAUC.4576....2M J. V. Scotti D. W. Green Periodic Comet Hartley (1993m) http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/iauc/05800/05828.html IAU Circular 1 29 June 1993 5826 1993IAUC.5826....1S 110P/Hartley 3 – JPL Small-Body Database Lookup https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/tools/sbdb_lookup.html#/?sstr=110P ssd.jpl.nasa.gov Jet Propulsion Laboratory 21 November 2023 M. M. Knight R. Kokotanekova N. H. Samarasinha K. J. Meech Comets III Physical and Surface Properties of Comet Nuclei from Remote Observations https://books.google.com/books?id=_dGz0AEACAAJ&pg=PA361 University of Arizona Press 2024 361–404 2304.09309 jj.21819446.18 978-0-8165-5363-1 R. Kokotanekova C. Snodgrass P. Lacerda S. F. Green S. C. Lowry Y. R. Fernández C. Tubiana A. Fitzsimmons H. H. Hsieh 5 Rotation of Cometary Nuclei: New Lightcurves and an Update of the Ensemble Properties of Jupiter-Family Comets Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 2017 471 3 2974–3007 2017MNRAS.471.2974K 1707.02133 10.1093/mnras/stx1716 free P. L. Lamy I. Toth Y. R. Fernández H. A. Weaver Comets II The Sizes, Shapes, Albedos, and Colors of Cometary Nuclei https://physics.ucf.edu/~yfernandez/papers/comets2chapter/comets2reprint.pdf 2004 223–264 University of Arizona Press j.ctv1v7zdq5.22 978-0-8165-2450-1 10.2307/j.ctv1v7zdq5.22 9 October 2022 28 May 2025 https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://physics.ucf.edu/~yfernandez/papers/comets2chapter/comets2reprint.pdf dead P. L. Lamy I. Toth H. A. Weaver M. F. A'Hearn L. Jorda Properties of the nuclei and comae of 10 ecliptic comets from Hubble Space Telescope multi-orbit observations https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-pdf/412/3/1573/3580898/mnras0412-1573.pdf Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 2011 412 3 1573–1590 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17934.x 2011MNRAS.412.1573L free 110P/Hartley Orbit http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=110P Minor Planet Center 2025-05-28 M. L. Paradowski A New Indirect Method of Determining Density of Cometary Nuclei https://acta.astrouw.edu.pl/Vol72/n2/pdf/pap_72_2_4.pdf Acta Astronomica 2022 72 2 141–159 2022AcA....72..141P 0001-5237 10.32023/0001-5237/72.2.4 free S. Yoshida 110P/Hartley http://www.aerith.net/comet/catalog/0110P/index.html www.aerith.net 28 May 2025 2025-03-17 https://web.archive.org/web/20250317105610/http://www.aerith.net/comet/catalog/0110P/index.html dead Bibliography Kronk Gary W. Meyer Maik Seargent David A. J. 2017 Cometography: A Catalog of Comets 6: 1983–1993 Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-87216-4 External links 1000119 110P 110P/Hartley at the Minor Planet Center database 110P/Hartley at Gary W. Kronk's Cometography 109P/Swift–Tuttle 111P/Helin–Roman–Crockett Category:Periodic comets 110P 0110 110P 110P 110P Category:Discoveries by Malcolm Hartley