1886 New Zealand census

Tenth census of the Colony of New Zealand 1881 1881 New Zealand census yes 1886 03 28 1891 1891 New Zealand census New Zealand 578,482Non-Māori people 18.07 % provincial district Otago (149,154) Marlborough (11,113) .... The 1886 New Zealand census was a population census of the non-Māori population taken on 28 March 1886, a census of Māori having taken place during February and March 1886.27 June 1887 Results of a census of the Colony of New Zealand taken taken for the night of the 28th March 1886 https://www3.stats.govt.nz/historic_publications/1886-census/Results-of-Census-1886/1886-results-census.html#d50e7262 The non-Māori population was 578,482, an 18.07% increase since the previous census in 1881.27 June 1887 Census of New Zealand 1886: Chapter 5. Increase of population https://www3.stats.govt.nz/historic_publications/1886-census/Results-of-Census-1886/1886-results-census.html#d50e7666 Statistics New Zealand The Māori population was estimated to be 41,969, including 2254 part-Māori living in tribes. Another 1,958 part-Māori were living as Europeans and counted in the main census.27 June 1887 Census of New Zealand 1886: Chapter 123. Summary of Maori population https://www3.stats.govt.nz/historic_publications/1886-census/Results-of-Census-1886/1886-results-census.html#d50e560459 Statistics New Zealand The process The country was divided into enumerators' districts by the government. The enumerators divided their assigned districts into sub-districts, which had to be approved by the registrar-general, and then chose sub-enumerators who handed out and collected census forms from households. Forms were sent to the central office where up to 32 clerks in crowded offices sorted the forms and extracted, counted, recounted and calculated the numbers. 639 occupations had been identified from the previous census, but clerks also had to deal with other stated occupations that didn't fit the existing categories. Separate summaries and tables were created to show the operations of churches, land, institutions and industries. For the Māori census, more details were collected than in previous years, including the tribe and hapū (sub-tribe) of each person. The completed census for both Māori and non-Māori was submitted to Parliament on 27 June 1887.27 June 1887 Census of New Zealand 1886: To the honourable the Colonial Secretary https://www3.stats.govt.nz/historic_publications/1886-census/Results-of-Census-1886/1886-results-census.html#d50e322 Statistics New Zealand Non-Māori population Provincial DistrictPopulation27 June 1887 Census of New Zealand 1886: Chapter 6. Population – Summary at successive census periods https://www3.stats.govt.nz/historic_publications/1886-census/Results-of-Census-1886/1886-results-census.html#d50e7901 Statistics New ZealandPercent (%) change since 188127 June 1887 Census of New Zealand 1886: Chapter 8. Centesimal increase or dimunition of population in each provincial district at successive census periods. https://www3.stats.govt.nz/historic_publications/1886-census/Results-of-Census-1886/1886-results-census.html#d50e8902 Statistics New ZealandLargest borough in each district27 June 1887 Census of New Zealand 1886: Chapter 17. Population and dwellings in boroughs https://www3.stats.govt.nz/historic_publications/1886-census/Results-of-Census-1886/1886-results-census.html#d50e29530 Statistics New ZealandBorough populationBorough and suburbs population Auckland130,379 + 31.10% Auckland33,16157,048 Taranaki17,999 + 21.14% New Plymouth3,093 Wellington77,536 + 26.34% Wellington25,94527,833 Hawke's Bay24,568 + 41.46% Napier7,680 Marlborough11,113 + 19.49% Blenheim3,094 Nelson30,203 + 15.83% Nelson7,315Westland15,931 + 6.13%Greymouth3,133Canterbury121,400 + 8.21%Christchurch15,26544,688Otago149,154 + 11.24% Dunedin23,24345,518Chatham Islands199 -17.77%Total578,482 + 18.07% Birthplaces of the non-Māori population For the first time, more than half the non-Māori population (51.89%) was New Zealand-born, compared to 45.6% in 1881.13 November 1882 Census of New Zealand 1881: Nationalities.—Subdivisions of Groups https://www3.stats.govt.nz/historic_publications/1881-census/1881-results-census.html#idsect1_1_362246 Statistics New Zealand 'British allegiance' Included everyone born in British possessions, naturalized British subjects and British subjects born abroad. Those who were born at sea or who had not specified a birthplace were deemed British if they had a British-sounding name.27 June 1887 Census of New Zealand 1886: Chapter 46. Allegiance https://www3.stats.govt.nz/historic_publications/1886-census/Results-of-Census-1886/1886-results-census.html#d50e185345 Statistics New Zealand Westland had the most foreign subjects (10.36%), and Canterbury had the fewest (1.64%). There were 4,550 people born in China, but this figure includes eight non-Chinese people. This was a decrease of over 9% from the 5,033 Chinese-born people (including 39 non-Chinese) counted in 1881.27 June 1887 Census of New Zealand 1886: Chapter 49. Numbers of each nationality, with comparison for 1881-86. https://www3.stats.govt.nz/historic_publications/1886-census/Results-of-Census-1886/1886-results-census.html#d50e186884 Statistics New Zealand The number of Chinese recorded in the census was 4542, of whom 15 were female.27 June 1887 Census of New Zealand 1886: Chapter 1. Population – General summary https://www3.stats.govt.nz/historic_publications/1886-census/Results-of-Census-1886/1886-results-census.html#d50e7259 Statistics New Zealand 2,727 Chinese people lived in Otago, with smaller populations in Westland (825), Nelson (478), Canterbury (164), Auckland (163) and Wellington (147).27 June 1887 Census of New Zealand 1886: Chapter 50. Summary by provincial districts https://www3.stats.govt.nz/historic_publications/1886-census/Results-of-Census-1886/1886-results-census.html#d50e187717 Statistics New Zealand Most of the Chinese in Otago, Westland and Nelson lived on the goldfields in those locations.27 June 1887 Census of New Zealand 1886: Chapter 25. Goldfields https://www3.stats.govt.nz/historic_publications/1886-census/Results-of-Census-1886/1886-results-census.html#d50e45543 Statistics New Zealand Birthplace27 June 1887 Census of New Zealand 1886: Part IV—Birthplaces of the people https://www3.stats.govt.nz/historic_publications/1886-census/Results-of-Census-1886/1886-results-census.html#d50e185341 Statistics New ZealandNumberPercent (%) of populationBritish possessions:New Zealand300,19051.89Australian colonies17,2452.98England125,65721.72Wales1,9810.34Scotland54,8109.48Ireland51,4088.89Other British possessions3,9530.68Foreign countries:Germany5,0070.87Denmark and possessions2,1780.38Sweden1,4390.25Norway1,3380.23France and possessions7860.14Austria5360.09Italy4380.08Switzerland3930.07Russia and possessions3160.05Portugal and possessions1980.03Holland and possessions1400.02Poland1290.02Greece990.02Belgium890.01Spain and possessions760.01Other European countries420.01China4,5500.79America, North America (so returned)1,0880.19United States of America6830.12Africa1670.03Other foreign countries1930.03At sea1,3240.23Unspecified2,0290.35Total578,482100Allegiance:British subjects560,59896.91Foreign subjects17,8843.09Total578,482100 Occupations The non-Māori census asked what occupations the population followed. The most populous category, Order III: domestic duties, includes children in families. For those over 20 years of age, 0.53% of males and 82.63% of females were involved in domestic duties. The most common occupations for men were those related to farming, market gardening and labouring on farms, as well as fishermen (65,178). 690 men were employed to kill rabbits, which had become a pest.27 June 1887 Census of New Zealand 1886: Part VII.–Occupations of the people. https://www3.stats.govt.nz/historic_publications/1886-census/Results-of-Census-1886/1886-results-census.html#d50e4429 Statistics New Zealand The most common occupations for women were domestic servant (13,471), and dressmaking and millinery (5,472). Half of the domestic servants (6,750) were girls under 20 years old. There were 1,371 male teachers and 1704 female teachers (plus 502 governesses).27 June 1887 Census of New Zealand 1886: Chapter 79. Occupations - Alphabetical arrangement https://www3.stats.govt.nz/historic_publications/1886-census/Results-of-Census-1886/1886-results-census.html#d50e482116 Statistics New Zealand Unemployed people were included under their usual or former stated occupation, and hospital patients, asylum and prison inmates were included under charitable institutions, Order XV: 'Persons supported by the community'. ClassOrderOccupations27 June 1887 Census of New Zealand 1886: Chapter 73. Occupations—Orders, with proportions per cent. https://www3.stats.govt.nz/historic_publications/1886-census/Results-of-Census-1886/1886-results-census.html#d50e421131 Statistics New ZealandTotal numberNumber of males% malesNumber of females% femalesI. ProfessionalI.Persons engaged in General or Local Government, or the defence or protection of the country2,9402,91199.0%291.0%II.Persons engaged in the learned professions, or in literature, art, science (with their immediate subordinates)9,5446,02863.2%351636.8%II. DomesticIII.Persons engaged in the domestic offices or duties of wives, mothers, mistresses of families, children, relatives (not otherwise returned)350,445118,10233.7%232,34366.3%IV.Persons engaged in entertaining and performing personal offices for man22,2785,07422.8%17,20477.2%III. CommercialV.Persons who buy and sell, keep or lend money, houses, or goods of various kinds11,66110,85993.1%8026.9%VI.Persons engaged in the conveyance of men, animals, goods, and messages15,53915,45999.5%800.5%IV. AgriculturalVII.Persons possessing, working, or cultivating land, raising or dealing in animals, or following pursuits subsidiary thereto65,17864,25998.6%9191.4%V. IndustrialVIII.Persons engaged in working and dealing in art and mechanic productions in which matters of various kinds are employed in combination20,75020,47098.7%2801.3%IX.Persons working and dealing in textile fabrics, dress, and in fibrous materials17,0428,10047.5%8,94252.5%X.Persons working and dealing in food and drinks9,1148,81796.7%2973.3%XI.Persons working and dealing in animal and vegetable substances5,6635,64199.6%220.4%XII.Persons working and dealing in minerals23,85823,851100.0%70.0%VI. Indefinite and non-productiveXIII.Labourers and others (branch of labour undefined)17,05316,83798.7%2161.3%XIV.Persons of property and rank (not returned under any office or occupation)73951970.2%22029.8%XV.Persons supported by the community, and of no specified occupation4,2022,86468.2%1,33831.8%Total of specified occupations576,006309,79153.8%266,21546.2%Occupations not stated2,476243098.1%461.9%Total population578,482312,22154.0%266,26146.0% Māori census Māori census information was collected by officials who visited each settlement and spoke to the people there, rather than having them fill in forms. Enumerators had to overcome distrust and suspicion about why the information was required, as some Māori thought that their names and ages might be used by the government to impose a new tax. Local chiefs were asked to help the enumerators gather information.23 February 1886 [untitled] https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/THA18860223.2.4 Thames Advertiser 2 Officials were concerned about an apparent drop in the Māori population but in some cases found it difficult to count people as the population was quite nomadic.13 February 1886 [untitled] https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/THA18860213.2.10 Thames Advertiser 21886 Census of the Maori population (Papers relating to the) https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/parliamentary/AJHR1886-I.2.3.2.14 Appendices to the Journals of the House of Representatives Session I, G 12 1–18 In Thames, the Māori birth rate had decreased. The local newspaper reported: "It is to be feared that when the census returns come to hand, it will be found that the Ngatimaru and the neighbouring tribes have diminished in numbers to an alarming degree. The adoption of European vices, which the natives are ever more ready to assume than the corresponding virtues, has been an active principle in the process of depopulation". Spencer von Sturmer, reporting the results of the Māori census in Hokianga, stated that although many children were born to Māori in his district, only a few survived infancy. He blamed this on poor food, exposure, lack of ordinary care and cleanliness, and the ministrations of tohunga. Work in harsh conditions on the gumfields contributed to the poor health of Māori in the area. Māori farmed sheep, cattle and pigs and cultivated potatoes, oats and maize,21 April 1886 [untitled] https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/WH18860421.2.15 Wanganui Herald 2 but enumerators reported that Māori had different ideas of ownership, exaggerating or guessing stock numbers as many animals were owned communally and allowed to run wild. Maori in the Hutt Valley grew strawberries and vegetables to sell in Wellington.11 North Island: principal tribes, showing change from 1881188113 November 1882 Census of New Zealand 1881: Appendix: Maori Population in the North and South Islands https://www3.stats.govt.nz/historic_publications/1881-census/1881-results-census.html#idsect1_1_573294 Statistics New Zealand188627 June 1887 Census of New Zealand 1886: Chapter 124. Maori population - principal tribes https://www3.stats.govt.nz/historic_publications/1886-census/Results-of-Census-1886/1886-results-census.html#d50e560620 Statistics New ZealandArawa3,9383,184Muaupoko8191Ngaiterangi996992Ngapuhi5,5645,549Ngatiawa1,8692,067Ngatikahungunu4,7305,175Ngatimaniapoto1,5281,685Ngatimaru1,3491,580Ngatiporou4,3813,287Ngatiraukawa1,4432,192Ngatiruanui7691,065Ngatiwhatua487596Rangitane89105Rarawa2,7752,034Taranaki460947Urewera1,8501,901Incorrect OCR in source. 1,901 is correct figure.Waikato5,2334,000Whakatohea625845Whanau-a-Apanui748617Whanganui2,5601,440Unspecified126175Population North Island41,60139,527Population South Island and Stewart Island2,0612,046Population Chatham Islands (including Moriori)125195Māori Prisoners from North Island in South Island gaols310Maori wives living with European husbands201Grand total44,09741,969 References Category:Censuses in New Zealand census Category:March 1886 in Oceania