1926 Slavery Convention

League of Nations anti-slavery treaty October 2013 December 2023 1926 Slavery Convention 200px Boy slave in Zanzibar, c.1890 25 September 1926 Geneva 9 March 1927 Fulfilled 99 as of 2013Signatories and parties(Convention and subsequent Protocol) Secretary-General of the League of Nations English and French The 1926 Slavery Convention or the Convention to Suppress the Slave Trade and Slavery is an international treaty created under the auspices of the League of Nations and first signed on 25 September 1926. It was registered in League of Nations Treaty Series on 9 March 1927, the same day it went into effect.League of Nations Treaty Series, vol. 60, pp. 254–270. The objective of the convention is to confirm and advance the suppression of slavery and the slave trade and was extended in 1956 with the Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, under the auspices of the United Nations. Background In the Brussels Conference Act of 1890, the signatories "declared that they were equally animated by the firm intention of putting an end to the traffic in African slaves". It was supplemented and revised by the Convention of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, signed by the Allied Powers of the First World War on 10 September 1919,http://www.worldlii.org/int/other/LNTSer/1922/19.html United States of America – Convention revising the General Act of Berlin, 26 February 1885, and of the General Act and the Declaration of Brussels, 2 July 1890, signed at Saint-Germain-en-Laye, 10 September 1919 (1922) LNTSer 19; 8 LNTS 27 13 December 2013 1 July 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170701010136/http://www.worldlii.org/int/other/LNTSer/1922/19.html dead in which the signatories undertook to "endeavour to secure the complete suppression of slavery in all its forms and of the slave trade by land and sea" (Article 11). The Red Sea slave trade and slavery in the Arabian Peninsula, and particular the slave trade in Hejaz, attracted attention by the League of Nations and contributed to the creation of the later 1926 Slavery Convention, obliging the British to combat the slave trade in the area.Suzanne Miers: Slavery in the Twentieth Century: The Evolution of a Global Problem The Temporary Slavery Commission (TSC) was appointed by the Council of the League of Nations in June 1924. The commission was mixed in composition including former colonial governors such as Frederick Lugard, as well as a representative from Haiti, and a representative from the International Labour Organization. The TSC filed their report on 1925 with the recommendation to outlaw the institution of legal chattel slavery and slave trade,Miers, S. (2003). Slavery in the Twentieth Century: The Evolution of a Global Problem. US: AltaMira Press. 120–121 which resulted in the 1926 Slavery Convention. In 1932 the Committee of Experts on Slavery was established to investigate the efficiency of the 1926 Slavery Convention,Miers, S. (2003). Slavery in the Twentieth Century: The Evolution of a Global Problem. US: AltaMira Press. 197–215 which in turn resulted in the establishment of the permanent Advisory Committee of Experts on Slavery.Miers, S. (2003). Slavery in the Twentieth Century: The Evolution of a Global Problem. Storbritannien: AltaMira Press. p. 216 Significance The convention established concrete rules and articles to advance the suppression of slavery and the slave trade. Slavery was defined in Article 1 as the status or condition of a person over whom any or all of the powers attaching to the right of ownership are exercised The slave trade was defined as including all acts involved in the capture, acquisition or disposal of a person with intent to reduce him to slavery; all acts involved in the acquisition of a slave with a view to selling or exchanging him; all acts of disposal by sale or exchange of a slave acquired with a view to being sold or exchanged, and, in general, every act of trade or transport in slaves. Selected articles Article 2 The parties agreed to prevent and suppress the slave trade and to progressively bring about the complete elimination of slavery in all its forms. Article 6 The parties undertook to promulgate severe penalties for slave trading, slaveholding, and enslavement. Participants As of 2013, there are 99 countries that have signed, acceded to, ratified, succeeded to, or otherwise committed to participation in the conventions as amended, and its subsequent protocol. The countries and the year of their first commitment to participation are as follows: Afghanistan (1954), Albania (1957), Algeria (1963), Australia (1953), Austria (1954), Azerbaijan (1996), Bahamas (1976), Bahrain (1990), Bangladesh (1985), Barbados (1976), Belarus (1956, as the Byelorussian SSR), Belgium (1962), Bolivia (1983), Bosnia and Herzegovina (1993), Brazil (1966), Cameroon (1984), Canada (1953), Chile (1995), China (1955), Croatia (1992), Cuba (1954), Cyprus (1986), Denmark (1954), Dominica (1994), Ecuador (1955), Egypt (1954), Ethiopia (1969), Fiji (1972), Finland (1954), France (1963), Germany (1973), Greece (1955), Guatemala (1983), Guinea (1963), Hungary (1958), India (1954), Iraq (1955), Ireland (1961), Israel (1955), Italy (1954), Jamaica (1964), Jordan (1959), Kazakhstan (2008), Kuwait (1963), Kyrgyzstan (1997), Lesotho (1974), Liberia (1953), Libya (1957), Madagascar (1964), Malawi (1965), Mali (1973), Malta (1966), Mauritania (1986), Mauritius (1969), Mexico (1954), Monaco (1954), Mongolia (1968), Montenegro (2006), Morocco (1959), Myanmar (1957), Nepal (1963), Netherlands (1955), New Zealand (1953), Nicaragua (1986), Niger (1964), Nigeria (1961), Norway (1957), Pakistan (1955), Paraguay (2007), Papua New Guinea (1982), Philippines (1955), Romania (1957), Russia (1956) (as the Soviet Union), St Lucia (1990), St Vincent and the Grenadines (1981), Saudi Arabia (1973), Serbia (2001, as Serbia and Montenegro), Sierra Leone (1962), Solomon Islands (1981), South Africa (1953), Spain (1927), Sri Lanka (1958), Sudan (1957), Sweden (1954), Switzerland (1953), Syria (1954), Tanzania (1962), Trinidad and Tobago (1966), Tunisia (1966), Turkey (1955), Turkmenistan (1997), Uganda (1964), Ukraine (1959, as the Ukrainian SSR), United Kingdom (1953), United States (1956), Uruguay (2001), Viet Nam (1956), Yemen (1987), Zambia (1973) Updates The convention was amended by the protocol entering into force on 7 July 1955.Protocol amending the Slavery Convention signed at Geneva on 25 September 1926 The definition of slavery was further refined and extended by a 1956 Supplementary Convention. See also Politics Abolitionism OHCHR – Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Slave Trade Acts Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery of 1956 International Agreement for the suppression of the White Slave Traffic References External links Text of the Convention at the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights Text of the 'Slavery, Servitude, Forced Labour and Similar Institutions and Practices Convention of 1926' at the UMN Human Rights Library Signatories and parties https://web.archive.org/web/20170815025726/https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XVIII-2&chapter=18&lang=en 15 August 2017 Abolishing Slavery and its Contemporary Forms Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights Category:League of Nations treaties Category:Treaties concluded in 1926 Category:Treaties entered into force in 1927 Category:Anti-slavery treaties Category:Treaties of the Kingdom of Afghanistan Category:Treaties of the People's Socialist Republic of Albania Category:Treaties of Algeria Category:Treaties of Australia Category:Treaties of Austria Category:Treaties of Azerbaijan Category:Treaties of the Bahamas Category:Treaties of Bahrain Category:Treaties of Bangladesh Category:Treaties of Barbados Category:Treaties of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic Category:Treaties of Belgium Category:Treaties of Bolivia Category:Treaties of Bosnia and Herzegovina Category:Treaties of the military dictatorship in Brazil Category:Treaties of Cameroon Category:Treaties of Canada Category:Treaties of Chile Category:Treaties of Croatia Category:Treaties of Cuba Category:Treaties of Cyprus Category:Treaties of Denmark Category:Treaties of Dominica Category:Treaties of Ecuador Category:Treaties of the Republic of Egypt (1953–1958) Category:Treaties of the Ethiopian Empire Category:Treaties of Fiji Category:Treaties of Finland Category:Treaties of France Category:Treaties of West Germany Category:Treaties of the Kingdom of Greece Category:Treaties of Guatemala Category:Treaties of Guinea Category:Treaties of the Hungarian People's Republic Category:Treaties of India Category:Treaties of the Kingdom of Iraq Category:Treaties of Ireland Category:Treaties of Israel Category:Treaties of Italy Category:Treaties of Jamaica Category:Treaties of Jordan Category:Treaties of Kuwait Category:Treaties of Kyrgyzstan Category:Treaties of Lesotho Category:Treaties of Liberia Category:Treaties of the Kingdom of Libya Category:Treaties of Madagascar Category:Treaties of Malawi Category:Treaties of Mali Category:Treaties of Malta Category:Treaties of Mauritania Category:Treaties of Mauritius Category:Treaties of Mexico Category:Treaties of Monaco Category:Treaties of the Mongolian People's Republic Category:Treaties of Morocco Category:Treaties of Myanmar Category:Treaties of Nepal Category:Treaties of the Netherlands Category:Treaties of New Zealand Category:Treaties of Nicaragua Category:Treaties of Niger Category:Treaties of Nigeria Category:Treaties of Norway Category:Treaties of the Dominion of Pakistan Category:Treaties of Papua New Guinea Category:Treaties of the Philippines Category:Treaties of the Socialist Republic of Romania Category:Treaties of the Soviet Union Category:Treaties of Saint Lucia Category:Treaties of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Category:Treaties of Saudi Arabia Category:Treaties of Sierra Leone Category:Treaties of the Solomon Islands Category:Treaties of the Union of South Africa Category:Treaties of Spain under the Restoration Category:Treaties of the Dominion of Ceylon Category:Treaties of the Republic of the Sudan (1956–1969) Category:Treaties of Sweden Category:Treaties of Switzerland Category:Treaties of the Syrian Republic (1930–1963) Category:Treaties of the Republic of China (1912–1949) Category:Treaties of Trinidad and Tobago Category:Treaties of Tunisia Category:Treaties of Turkey Category:Treaties of Turkmenistan Category:Treaties of Uganda Category:Treaties of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic Category:Treaties of the United Kingdom Category:Treaties of Tanzania Category:Treaties of the United States Category:Treaties of Uruguay Category:Treaties of Vietnam Category:Treaties of Serbia and Montenegro Category:Treaties of Zambia Category:Treaties of East Germany Category:Treaties of Kazakhstan Category:Treaties of Montenegro Category:Treaties of Yugoslavia Category:Treaties of Paraguay Category:1926 in Switzerland Category:Treaties extended to the Faroe Islands Category:Treaties extended to Greenland Category:Treaties extended to Hong Kong Category:Treaties extended to South West Africa Category:Treaties extended to British Burma Category:Treaties extended to Curaçao and Dependencies Category:Treaties extended to the Dutch East Indies Category:Treaties extended to Surinam (Dutch colony) Category:Treaties extended to Spanish Guinea Category:Treaties extended to Spanish Sahara Category:Treaties extended to Anglo-Egyptian Sudan Category:20th century in Geneva Category:September 1926 Category:20th century in slavery Category:Abolitionism in Asia