1880 in science

none 1880 science 1880 The year 1880 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here. Archaeology 1880 in archaeology January – The Gokstad ship is found in Norway, the first Viking ship burial to be excavated.Vinner Max 2002 Boats of the Viking Ship Museum Viking Ship Museum Oslo 978-8785180636 Astronomy September 30 – American doctor Henry Draper takes the first photograph of the Orion Nebula, from Hastings-on-Hudson, New York; this year he also photographs the spectrum of Jupiter. Mathematics July – John Venn popularises Venn diagrams ("Eulerian circles").Venn J. I. On the Diagrammatic and Mechanical Representation of Propositions and Reasonings The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science 10 59 July 1880 5 10.1080/14786448008626877 1–18 https://www.cis.upenn.edu/~bhusnur4/cit592_fall2014/venn%20diagrams.pdf live https://web.archive.org/web/20170516204620/https://www.cis.upenn.edu/~bhusnur4/cit592_fall2014/venn%20diagrams.pdf 2017-05-16 Ed Sandifer 2003 How Euler Did It http://www.maa.org/editorial/euler/How%20Euler%20Did%20It%2003%20Venn%20Diagrams.pdf Mathematical Association of America MAA Online 2009-10-26 F. Landry finds the largest known Fermat prime, 65,537. The United States Census Bureau first encounters the "Alabama paradox".Stein James D. How Math Explains the World New York Smithsonian Books 2008 9780061241765 228-31 Medicine January 24 – English surgeon Sampson Gamgee reports on his use of the medical dressing Gamgee Tissue.Absorbent and medicated surgical dressings J. S. Gamgee The Lancet 115 2943 127–128 1880-01-24 10.1016/s0140-6736(02)36703-5 https://zenodo.org/record/1428562 July German professor of pathology Karl Eberth first visualizes the bacteria which will become known as Salmonella in the Peyer's patches and spleens of typhoid patients.Die Organismen in den Organen bei Typhus abdominalis Archiv für Pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und für Klinische Medicin 1880-07-01 0720-8723 58–74 81 1 10.1007/BF01995472 de C. J. Eberth 6979333 Scottish surgeon William Macewen reports on his use of orotracheal intubation as an alternative to tracheotomy.Macewen William Clinical Observations on the Introduction of Tracheal Tubes by the Mouth, Instead of Performing Tracheotomy or Laryngotomy The British Medical Journal 2 122–4 1880-07-24 10.1136/bmj.2.1021.122 20749630 2241154 1021 25254413; Macewen William Clinical Observations on the Introduction of Tracheal Tubes by the Mouth, Instead of Performing Tracheotomy or Laryngotomy BMJ 2 163–5 1880-07-31 10.1136/bmj.2.1022.163 20749636 2241109 1022 25254466 Moritz Kaposi publishes Pathologie und Therapie der Hautkrankheiten in Vorlesungen für praktische Ärzte und Studierende ("Pathology and treatment of diseases of the skin, for practitioners and students"), a significant textbook in dermatology.Holubar Karl Fatovic-Ferencic Stella Moriz Kaposi 1837-1902: a historical reappraisal http://www.oegdv.at/dl/history/histkaposi.doc 2011-03-25 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20070507165728/http://oegdv.at/dl/history/histkaposi.doc 2007-05-07 Physics February 13 – Thomas Edison observes the Edison effect. The first demonstration of the direct piezoelectric effect is made by the brothers Pierre Curie and Jacques Curie.Curie, Jacques; Pierre (1880) "Développement par compression de l’électricité polaire dans les cristaux hémièdres à faces inclinées" [Development, via compression, of electric polarization in hemihedral crystals with inclined faces], Bulletin de la Société minérologique de France 3: 90-93. Reprinted in: Curie, Jacques; Pierre (1880) "Développement, par pression, de l’électricité polaire dans les cristaux hémièdres à faces inclinées", Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences 91: 294-295. See also: Curie, Jacques; Pierre (1880) "Sur l’électricité polaire dans les cristaux hémièdres à faces inclinées" [On electric polarization in hemihedral crystals with inclined faces], Comptes rendus 91: 383-386. Johannes Diderik van der Waals formulates the Law of Corresponding States. Technology January 27 – Thomas Edison is granted a United States patent for the incandescent light bulb.0223898 February 2 The first electric streetlight is installed in Wabash, Indiana (city fully illuminated March 31).http://www.electricmuseum.com/exhibits/arclamps/brush.shtml Brush Arc Lighting https://web.archive.org/web/20080724073937/http://www.electricmuseum.com/exhibits/arclamps/brush.shtml 2008-07-24 dead The first successful shipment of frozen mutton from Australia arrives in London, aboard the SS Strathleven.James Burke (science historian) James Burke Connections https://archive.org/details/connections00burk_351 limited London Macmillan 1978 0-333-24827-9 242 February 19 – The photophone, an optical speech transmission system, is invented by Alexander Graham Bell and Charles Sumner Tainter in Washington, D.C. May 2 – The newly-launched SS Columbia becomes the first transport vehicle to use Edison's incandescent light bulbs when she is lit up for the first time at the foot of Wall Street in New York City. May 13 – Edison performs the first test of his electric railway in Menlo Park, New Jersey. June 1 – Tinius Olsen is awarded a U.S. patent for his "Little Giant" universal testing machine. November 4 – The first cash register is patented by James and John Ritty of Dayton, Ohio. Dugald Clerk builds the first successful two-stroke engine.Forgotten Hero: The man who invented the two-stroke engine David Boothroyd The VU http://the-vu.com./forgotten_hero.htm 2005-01-19 https://web.archive.org/web/20041215125856/http://the-vu.com/forgotten_hero.htm 2004-12-15 dead James Albert Bonsack produces the first practical cigarette rolling machine. Lima Machine Works ships the first Shay locomotive to Ephraim Shay's design to a logger in Grand Rapids, Michigan. Publications February – The journal Science is first published in the United States with financial backing from Thomas Edison. Start of publication of Report Of The Scientific Results of the Exploring Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-76. Awards Copley Medal: James Joseph SylvesterCopley Medal British scientific award https://www.britannica.com/science/Copley-Medal Encyclopedia Britannica 23 July 2020 en Wollaston Medal: Auguste Daubrée Births January 12 – F. Percy Smith (died 1945), English naturalist and pioneer microcinematographer. January 18 – Paul Ehrenfest (suicide 1933), Austrian physicist and mathematician. January 22 – Frigyes Riesz (died 1956), Hungarian mathematician. February 17 – Reginald Farrer (died 1920), English botanist. June 21 – Arnold Gesell (died 1961), American developmental psychologist. June 24 – Oswald Veblen (died 1960), American mathematician. August 17 – Paul Kammerer (suicide 1926), Austrian Lamarckian biologist. October 15 – Marie Stopes (died 1958), English paleobotanist and pioneer of birth control. Deaths January 9 – William Budd (born 1811), English physician and epidemiologist. May 6 – Friedrich Bayer (born 1825), German manufacturing chemist. May 27 – Alfred Swaine Taylor (born 1806), English toxicologist, "father of British forensic medicine". July 9 – Paul Broca (born 1824), French anthropologist. October 5 – William Lassell (born 1799), English astronomer. December 31 Eric Holmes (born 1821), British chemist. John Stenhouse (born 1809), Scottish chemist. References Category:19th century in science Category:1880s in science