154th New York Infantry Regiment

American civil war military unit (1862–1865) 154th New York Infantry Regiment Flag_of_New_York_(1778-1901).svg 250px August 19, 1862 - June 11, 1865 United States Union Infantry 891Hillhouse 1863 1061Sprague, (1864), Vol. II 14As reported back to Adjutant General Hillhouse, on December 31, 1862 543Sprague, (1865) 284As reported back to Adjutant General Sprague, on December 31, 1864 Enfield Rifled MusketsMink, Armament in the Army of the Potomac, (2018), p.123 Battle of ChancellorsvilleBattle of GettysburgBattle of WauhatchieBattle of Missionary RidgeAtlanta campaignBattle of ResacaBattle of DallasBattle of New Hope ChurchBattle of AllatoonaBattle of Pine HillBattle of MariettaBattle of Kolb's FarmBattle of Kennesaw MountainBattle of Peachtree CreekSiege of AtlantaSherman's March to the SeaCarolinas campaignBattle of Bentonville New York U.S. Volunteer Infantry Regiments 1861-1865 153rd New York Infantry Regiment 155th New York Infantry Regiment thumb|right|Portrait of Frank, Frederick, and Alice Humiston, children of Sergeant Amos Humiston of Co. C, 154th New York Infantry Regiment, who died at the Battle of Gettysburg with the photograph in his hands thumb|Monument to the 154th New York Volunteer Infantry at Gettysburg The 154th New York Infantry Regiment (aka, "The Hardtack Regiment") was an infantry regiment in the U.S. Army during the American Civil War. Service The 154th New York Infantry was organized at Jamestown, Chautauqua County, New York beginning August 19, 1862, and mustered in for three years service on September 24, 1862, under the command of Colonel Addison G. Rice.Dyer 1908 1462 Phisterer 1912b 3790 Training and initial deployment The regiment served in the eastern theater with the Army of the Potomac (AoP) until it was sent west as part of Hooker's reinforcement of the Army of the Cumberland (AoC). It remained in the west through the Atlanta Campaign, the March to the Sea, and the Carolinas Campaign, the last two as part of the Army of Georgia (AoG). After the first year of war and the debacle on the Peninsula caused the Lincoln administration to realize that the war would take longer than first expected and many more men, on July 1, 1862, Lincoln issued a call for 300,000 volunteers for three-year commitments. New York's quota from this call was twenty-eight regiments. The state, in turn, immediately ordered most of its thirty-two senatorial districts to constitute regimental districts with a regimental muster center in each. New York's Thirty-Second Senatorial District was composed of Cattaraugus and Chautauqua counties. A Cattaraugus County lawyer and state assemblyman from Ellicottsville, Addison G. Rice, was appointed a Colonel for the recruiting effort.Dunkelman 2006 15-17 Phisterer 1912a 3320-3321 Phisterer 1912b 3790-3791 The district exceeded its quota by 100% by raising twenty-one companies, twelve from Chautauqua County, eight from Cattaraugus, and a sharpshooters company recruited at large in the district. On September 11, 1862, ten Chautauqua companies mustered into the U.S. service as the 112th New York. The following day that regiment and the sharpshooter company left for the front.Known as the "Chautauqua Regiment", the 112th went on to serve in the Siege of Suffolk and the operations at Charleston before transferring to the Army of the James during the sige of Petersburg.Phisterer 1912a 3321 On Sunday, September 14, the two remaining Chautauqua companies reported to Colonel Rice for duty joining the eight Cattaraugus companies as Company E and F in the next regiment. They blended into the 154th Regiment alongside their Cattaraugus County neighbors, and the ten companies mustered in the next week, on September 24 and 25. On Friday, the officers mustered into federal service the next day, and on Monday, September 29, the 154th New York left for Virginia.Dunkelman 2006 21 Dyer 1908 1462 The regiment's companies were recruited principally:Phisterer 1912b 3790 A — Ellicottsville, Carlton, Cold Spring, Humphrey, Randolph, Great Valley, Carrolton, Little Valley, Conewango, South Valley, Salamanca, and Napoli B — New Albion, Otto, Dayton, Perrysburg, Leon, Mansfield and Persia C — Portville, Hinsdale, Ischua, Allegany, Humphrey, and Olean D — Machias, Yorkshire, Freedom, Franklinville, Ashford, and LyndonThis was a Chautauqua County company recruited inland to the east of the county. E — Portland, Westfield, Ripley, and ChautauquaAgain, a Chautauqua County company from the inland towns. F — Charlotte, Arkwright, Gerry, French Creek, and Freedom G — Ashford, Ellicottsville, East Otto, Allegany, Mansfield, Olean, Jamestown, and Hillsdale H — Randolph, Napoli, Salamanca, Little Valley, Great Valley, Jamestown, Carrolton, South Valley, Cold Spring, and Farmington I — Olean, Hinsdale, Salamanca, Allegany, Great Valley, Humphrey, New Albion, Portville, Machias and Yorkshire K — Conewango, Perrysburg, Dayton, Persia, Leon and New Albion The regimental staff during its service consisted of:Phisterer 1912b 3790 COLs — Patrick H. JonesColonel Jones had already served with distinction as major of the 37th New York, from which regiment he was promoted to the colonelcy of his new command.New York Monuments Commission for the Battlefields of Gettysburg and Chattanooga 1902 1054-1056 and Lewis D. Warner LTCs — Henry C. Loomis, Daniel B. Allen, Lewis D. Warner, and Harrison Cheney MAJs — Samuel G. Love, Jacob H. Ten Eyck, Daniel B. Allen, Lewis D. Warner, Harrison Cheney, and Alfred W. Benson Most men of the regiment coming from south central and southwestern New York were native-born and from a farming background.Between 25 and 30 percent of the U.S. Army were foreign-born during the rebellion, but only 11 percent of the 154th were. In addition, whereas roughly 48 percent of the U.S. Army in that time were farmers or farm laborers, 74 percent of the 154th were.Dunkelman 2006 23-24 There were some rivermen and canal men, however, who had worked the rivers canals between the Great Lakes and the industrial centers of Pittsburgh. There were even a handful of Great Lake sailors who had sailed all around the Old Northwest.Dunkelman 2006 170-172 On Tuesday, September 30, 1862, the 154th left the state and was assigned to the 1st brigade, 2nd (Steinwehr's) division, XI corps, which was stationed during the fall of 1862 in Northern Virginia in the vicinity of Centerville. They missed the battles at Antietam and Fredericksburg. The regiment went into winter quarters with the corps at Stafford, VA in December 1862. From Tuesday, January 20 through Saturday January 214, 1863, the regiment slogged up and down the Rappahannock during Burnside's infamous Mud March. Combat service in the east Chancellorsville and the Buschbeck line Burnside's relief by Hooker raised morale as the Army prepared for its next move, a plan to get Lee out of his positions at Fredericksburg. Upon assuming command, Hooker took advantage of improved military intelligence about the positioning and capabilities of the opposing army, superior to that available to his predecessors in army command. His chief of staff, Butterfield, commissioned COL George H. Sharpe from the 120th New York Infantry to organize a new Bureau of Military Information (BMI) in the Army of the Potomac, part of the provost marshal function under BGEN Marsena R. Patrick.Prior to Hooker, intelligence gatherers, such as Allan Pinkerton and his detective agency, gathered information only by interrogating prisoners, deserters, "contrabands" (slaves), and refugees. The Army of the Potomac also had used Thaddeus S. C. Lowe and his balloons to observe Lee's positions. The new BMI added other sources including infantry and cavalry reconnaissance, spies, scouts, signal stations. Hooker soon realized that to avoid bloody direct frontal attacks, he could only cross of the Rappahannock by subterfuge.Krick 1990 68 To cause Lee to abandon his fortifications by Fredericksburg and withdraw toward Richmond, Hooker planned to send his 10,000 cavalrymen under MGEN George Stoneman across the Rappahannock far upstream and raid deep into the rear cutting Lee's lines of communication and supply.Eicher McPherson McPherson 2001 474 Gallagher 1996 9–10 Sears 1996 57-58 Welcher 1989 659 Hooker would then send his infantry across the Rappahannock in pursuit, attacking Lee when he was moving and vulnerable. On Monday, April 13, heavy rains made the river crossing site at Sulphur Spring impassable.Gallagher 1996 9 Hooker's second plan was to launch his cavalry and infantry simultaneously in a bold double envelopment of Lee's army. Stoneman's cavalry would make a second attempt at its deep strategic raid, but at the same time, 42,000 men in three corps (V, XI, XII Corps) would stealthily march to cross the Rappahannock upriver at Kelly's Ford. They would then move south across the Rapidan at Germanna and Ely's Ford, concentrating at Chancellorsville, and strike Lee from the west.Gallagher 1996 10–11 Sears 1996 137–138 Welcher 1989 659 As members of Buschbeck'sAdolph Buschbeck, born in Koblenz, Germany, on March 23, 1822, immigrated in 1849 to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where he taught mathematics at a Philadelphia high school. He first commanded the 27th Pennsylvania Infantry and later the 1st Brigade, 2nd Division of XI Corps at Chancellorsville returning to command it when it was transferred to the Army of the Cumberland in the west. 1st BrigadeThe brigade consisted of: The 27th Pennsylvania, an almost exclusively German unit from Philadelphia commanded by LTC Lorenz Cantador; the 73rd Pennsylvania, also largely German from Philadelphia, commanded by CPT Daniel F. Kelly; the 134th New York, from Schoharie and Schenectady counties and commanded by LTC Allan H. Jackson; and the 154th. in Von Steinwehr's 2nd Division of Howard's XI Corps, the 154th, then numbering 590 men in line of battle, moved into positions at Kelly's Ford on April 14.Sears 1996 156 Over the next two weeks, the 154th and its brigade showed no signs of activity to lull the Rebl cavalry guarding the other side of the ford into complacency while Hooker moved the 42,000 men in the V, XI, and XII Corps stealthily into nearby hidden positions for the crossing.Dunkelman 2004 194 The men, unaware of the Hooker's plans, patrolled the riverbank and were struck by the hostility of the local white population and friendliness of the black.Dunkelman 2006 16, 101-101, 178 The 154th's baptism of fire happened in the early evening on Tuesday, April 28, 1863, at 18:00.Sears 1996 156 Completely surprising the Confederates, the 154th, paddled out of Marsh Run, 500 yards downstream in canvas pontoon boats. Dunkelman 2006 16 Sears 1996 156 Under cover of sharpshooters from their 73rd Pennsylvania brigade mates, they seized a bridgehead on the southern side. After receiving a volley from the Rebel troopers with no effect, they spread out to defend the crossing site. While on guard, the 15th New York Engineers built a pontoon bridge. Four and half hours later, the three corps began crossing on the bridge.Dunkelman 2006 16 Esposito 1959 84 Sears 1996 156 - Esposito, map 84 They remained until the crossing was complete and then moved on to Chancellorsville. Following their corps, they crossed the Rapidan at Germanna Ford taking the Wilderness Road to Wilderness Tavern and turned east, or left onto the junction of Orange Turnpike and Orange Plank Road. Esposito 1959 84 - Esposito, map 84 Their position was near Dowdall's Tavern, where with Battery I, 1st New York Light Artillery, Wiedrich's Battery, it was serving as headquarters guard. Esposito 1959 86 - Esposito, map 86NPS 154th Regiment, New York InfantryThe XI Corps had its right left hanging when Sickles moved his III Corps forward to the Catharine Furnace. From West to east, the XI Corps' line was the 1st Division under BGEN Charles Devens, Jr., the 3rd Division under MGEN Carl Schurz, and the 2nd Division under Adolph Von Steinwehr While elements of the corps further right, westward, started seeing indications of activity to their right in the woods west along the turnpike, the westernmost division commander, Devens, and Howard dismissed these reports as the imaginings of nervous troops.Doubleday 1885 29Brigade and regimental commanders refused their lines on the right in several cases, but none could get Devens nor Howard to shift facing to the west. Ergo, when Jackson struck the AoP's right flank at 17:30 on Saturday afternoon, May 2, 1863, the corps collapsed and fled to the east along the turnpike. The other two division commanders, Schurz and Steinwehr, despite obeying Howard's order to keep their divisions facing to the south had warily positioned a few of their units to watch their flank, unaware that Devens had done no such thing and was completely unprepared to receive an attack from the woods.Wineman 2013 28-33 Esposito 1959 87 - Esposito, map 87 As such, when the Rebels advanced and drove the XI Corps ahead of them, any resistance that did occur was sporadic and uncoordinated. Individual regiments and brigades, such as those in Schurz's 3rd Division around the Hawkins farm held their ground to stem the tide of the enemy advance before retreating in good order. These stands that caused the Rebel lines to contract and condense as they pushed between and around them. Shortly afterward, Howard's frightened stragglers rallied around the Buschbeck's brigade (including the 154th) who had thrown up a hasty defensive position at Dowdall's Tavern, to become known as the "Buschbeck line".Keller 2007 86 Wineman 2013 28-33These unfinished breastworks had been built by BGEN Barlow's 2nd Brigade of Von Steinwehr's 2nd Division. Fortuitously, they had been built facing west. and slowed the enemy assault, at least for a few moments. Many of the 73rd Pennsylvania retreating, fell in with the 154th and stood alongside them as they lay and fought in their breastworks. New York Monuments Commission for the Battlefields of Gettysburg and Chattanooga 1902 1054-1056 These daring but futile actions were mostly the inspiration of small-unit commanders as the leadership on the brigade, division, and corps level struggled to bring order to the mob that an hour before had been the right flank of the Union Army. The 154th at Buschbeck's line paid dearly.Dunkelman 2006 147-148 During its fighting at Chancellorsville, it lost 1 officer and 31 enlisted men killed, 10 enlisted men mortally wounded, 3 officers and 68 enlisted men wounded, and 4 officers and 113 enlisted men captured or missing.Phisterer 1912b 3791COL Jones was wounded and one of the four officers captured.Dunkelman 2006 129 Dunkelman 2018 27 Gettysburg and Kuhn's Brickyard Its losses in killed, wounded, and captured at Chancellorsville, were so large that the regiment numbered only about 300 men when it entered the Gettysburg Campaign where it suffered more severe losses.New York Monuments Commission for the Battlefields of Gettysburg and Chattanooga 1902 1055 At Gettysburg, it was heavily engaged in the battle of the first day and in the defense of Cemetery Hill the second day. On the 30th of June, 50 men of the regiment, together with 50 men each from the 27th Pennsylvania, 73rd Pennsylvania, and 164th New York were ordered, under the 154th's MAJ Lewis D. Warner, to make a reconnaissance out to Strykersville. Leaving at 05:00, Wednesday, July 1, 1863, they set out and thus were not engaged in the first day's fight at Gettysburg. NYSMM, Cattaraugus Freeman - MAJ Warner Letter, July 10, 1863 New York Monuments Commission for the Battlefields of Gettysburg and Chattanooga 1902 1055 The rest of the 154th awoke at their camp near the Daughters of Charity Convent at Emmitsburg, MD, about 11 miles south of Gettysburg. The regiment had been on the road for three weeks since leaving Stafford County, and had endured difficult, long, dusty marches in the early summer heat. They were warmly greeted with food in Maryland by Union sympathizers along their route. At the Emmitsburg conventIn 1809, Elizabeth Ann Seton accepted the Sulpicians' invitation and moved to Emmitsburg. A year later, she established the Saint Joseph's Academy and Free School dedicated to Catholic girls' education with help from Samuel Sutherland Cooper,NEW ADVENT 1975 a wealthy convert and seminarian at the newly established Mount Saint Mary's University, begun by John Dubois, S.S., and the Sulpicians. She established the convent, the first congregation of religious sisters founded in the United States, and its school, dedicated to the care of the children of the poor, the first free Catholic school in America. This modest beginning marked the start of the Catholic parochial school system in the United States.Emmitsburg.net Initially called the Sisters of Charity of St. Joseph's, in 1811, the sisters adopted the rules of the Daughters of Charity, co-founded in France by Vincent de Paul and Louise de Marillac., the nuns served them soft bread and sweet milk. Dunkelman 2018YouTube, Unsung Heroes: The Brickyard Fight at Gettysburg -John FenzelNew York Monuments Commission for the Battlefields of Gettysburg and Chattanooga 1902 1055NYSMM, Cattaraugus Freeman - MAJ Warner Letter, July 10, 1863 COL Buschbeck had departed on a leave of absence on June 1, and the 29th New York had mustered out as it was a two-year regiment. Replacing it was the 134th New York commanded by COL Charles R. Coster.The 23-year-old Coster had enlisted as a private in the 7th New York Militia in April 1861, later transferring to the 12th U.S. Infantry where he was appointed a first lieutenant. He served in BGEN George Sykes's division of V Corps in the Seven Days Battles, being commended by his superiors for his conduct at the Battle of Gaines' Mill on June 27, 1862. On October 8, 1862, Coster was named colonel of the recently organized 134th New York Volunteer Infantry. By December 31, 1862, the regiment belonged to COL Orland Smith's 2nd Brigade of von Steinwehr's 2nd Division, XI Corps with whom it fought at Chancellorsville under BGEN Francis C. Barlow, who had been appointed brigade commander in place of Smith. During May 1863, Coster's regiment transferred to Buschbeck's 1st Brigade. As the senior officer, Coster took command of the brigade. The 2nd Division was the last one of the XI Corps to reach Cemetery Hill by the Emmitsburg Pike. The remaining 250 men in the 154th in the 1st Brigade, arrived there at about 16:00, on the double-quick, filed into the cemetery and cleaned guns, and immediately (with the 27th Pennsylvania and 134th New York, only,) double-quicked down through the town, out on the Harrisburg Road, and formed line of battle where its monument now stands,New York Monuments Commission for the Battlefields of Gettysburg and Chattanooga 1902 1055 a short distance north of Stevens Run. This location was John Kuhn's brickyard on North Stratton Street in the northeastern outskirts of Gettysburg. It was a five-acre pentagonal lot enclosed by sturdy rail fences with the house on the street and the brickworks—a wooden barn, dome-shaped brick kilns, and a mill behind it. It was, at that time, still a largely rural landscape apart from the main town with a slope north of it and wheat fields to the east and south.Dunkelman 2018YouTube, Unsung Heroes: The Brickyard Fight at Gettysburg -John Fenzel At this time the broken lines of Schurz's troops were in full retreat, and about as soon as the 154th (with the 27th Pennsylvania on its left and the 134th New York on its right) had formed line of battle, the enemy in overwhelming numbers fell upon them, in front and on both flanks. It was a costly battle, with the 154th losing 6 killed, 21 wounded, and 173 missing. It accompanied the army on its return to Virginia. Combat service in the west In September 1863, after the defeat at Chickamauga, the 154th and its corps (along with the XII Corps) was ordered to Tennessee to reinforce Gen. Rosecrans besieged in Chattanooga. In October it was lightly engaged in the midnight battle of Wauhatchie and had 6 men wounded at Missionary Ridge. When the XX corps was formed in April 1864, the 154th was assigned to the 2nd brigade. 2nd division (Geary's "White Stars") with which it fought from Chattanooga to Atlanta, and then to the end of the Carolina campaign. At Rocky Face Ridge, the first important battle of the Atlanta campaign, the regiment behaved with distinguished gallantry and sustained its heaviest loss-13 killed and 37 wounded. It also lost heavily at Kennesaw Mountain, where 36 were killed and wounded. At the conclusion of the campaign through the Carolinas it marched with the XX corps to Washington and participated in the Grand Review. Commanded by Col. Warner, it was mustered out at Bladensburgh, MD., June 11, 1865. The regiment lost during service 2 officers and 84 men killed and mortally wounded; 2 officers and 193 men died of disease and other causes, a total of 281 of whom 1 officer and 90 men died in Confederate prisons. Affiliations, battle honors, detailed service, and casualties Organizational affiliation Attached to:Dyer 1908 1462 Katcher Youens 2013 40NYSMM, 154th Infantry Regiment (2020)Civil War in the East, 154th New York Infantry RegimentCWA, 154th Regiment Infantry(2016) 1st Brigade, 2nd Division, XI Corps, Army of the Potomac, to October, 1863Dunkelman 2004 10 Dunkelman 2006 25 1st Brigade, 2nd Division, XI Army Corps, Army of the Cumberland to April, 1864Dunkelman 2006 40 Dunkelman 2012 35 2nd Brigade, 2nd Division, XX Corps, Army of the Cumberland, to October 1864Dunkelman 2006 40 Dunkelman 2012 35 2nd Brigade, 2nd Division, XX Army Corps, Army of Georgia, to June, 1865Dunkelman 2006 40 Dunkelman 2012 35 List of battles The official list of battles in which the regiment bore a part:Dyer 1908 1462 Federal Publishing Company 1908 160 Phisterer 1912b 3790NYSMM, 154th Infantry Regiment (2020)Civil War in the East, 154th New York Infantry RegimentCWA, 154th Regiment Infantry(2016) 40em Battle of Chancellorsville Battle of Gettysburg Battle of Wauhatchie Battle of Chattanooga Battle of Missionary Ridge Battle of Rocky Face Ridge Battle of Resaca Battle of Dallas Battle of Kennesaw Mountain Battle of Pine Mountain Battle of Golgotha Battle of Kolb's Farm Battle of Peachtree Creek March to the Sea Campaign of the Carolinas Bennett House Detailed service 40em 1862Dyer 1908 1462 Left New York for Washington, D. C, September 30, 1862. Joined Corps at Fairfax, Va., October 2, 1862, and duty there until November 1. Movement to Warrenton, thence to Germantown November 1–20. March to Fredericksburg, Va., December 10–15. At Falmouth, Va., until April 27, 1863. Battle of Fredericksburg, VA., December 12–15 1863Dyer 1908 1462 "Mud March" January 20–24, 1863. Chancellorsville Campaign April 27-May 6. Battle of Chancellorsville May 1–5. Gettysburg Campaign June 11-July.24. Battle of Gettysburg July 1–3. The Brickyard, July 1 Pursuit of Lee July.5-24. At Bristoe Station until September 24. Movement to Bridgeport, Ala., September 24-October 3. March along line of Nashville & Chattanooga Railroad to Lookout Valley, Tenn., October 25–28. Reopening Tennessee River October 26–29. Battle of Wauhatchie, Tenn., October 28–29. ChattanoogaRinggold Campaign November 23–27. Orchard Knob November 23. Tunnel Hill November 24–25. Mission Ridge November 25. March to relief of Knoxville November 28-December 17. Duty in Lookout Valley until May, 1864. 1864Dyer 1908 1462 Atlanta (Ga.) Campaign May 1-September 8. Demonstration on Rocky Faced Ridge May 8–11. Dug Gap or Mill Creek May 8. Battle of Resaca May 14–15. Near Cassville May 19. Advance on Dallas May 22–25. New Hope Church May 25. Battles about Dallas, New Hope Church and Allatoona Hills May 26-June 5. Operations about Marietta and against Kenesaw Mountain June 10-July.2. Pine Hill June 11–14. Lost Mountain June 15–17. Gilgal or Golgotha Church June 15. Muddy Creek June 17. Noyes Creek June 19. Kolb's Farm June 22. Assault on Kenesaw June 27. Ruff's Station, Smyrna Camp Ground, July.4. Chattahoochee River July.5-17. Peach Tree Creek July 19–20. Siege of Atlanta July.22-August 25. Operations at Chattahoochee River Bridge August 26-September 2. Occupation of Atlanta September 2-November 15. Expedition from Atlanta to Tuckum's Cross Roads October 26–29. Near Atlanta November 9. March to the sea November 15-December 10. Siege of Savannah December 10–21. 1865Dyer 1908 1462 Campaign of the Carolinas January to April, 1865. Averysboro, N. C, March 16. Battle of Bentonville March 19–21. Occupation of Goldsboro March 24. Advance on Raleigh April 9–13. Occupation of Raleigh April 14. Bennett's House April 26. Surrender of Johnston and his army. March to Washington, D. C, via Richmond, Va., April 29-May 19. Grand Review May 24. Mustered out June 11, 1865. Veterans and Recruits transferred to 102nd New York Infantry. Casualties Total casualties for the regiment were 278; 2 officers and 81 enlisted men were killed or mortally wounded, and 2 officers and 193 enlisted men died from illness. Armament Soldiers in the 154th were armed with 891 P53 Enfield Rifled Muskets.Hillhouse 1863 1061 The regiment traveled during training to the state armory in Elmira where they were issued these arms. Dunkelman 2006 120Civil War in the East, 154th New York Infantry Regiment By the Chancellorsville campaign, the regiment reported the following survey result to U.S. War Department:Mink, Armament in the Army of the Potomac, (2018), p.123 A — 50 P53 Enfield rifled musketsOwens 1976 29CHA, Windsor Enfield By Robbins & Lawrence P1853, (2020)CHA, Belgian M-1853 Enfield(2018)When the Vermont-based, American arms company, Robbins & Lawrence's (R&L) went bankrupt after the Crimean War ended, the New York firm of Fox, Henderson & Company, a creditor, agreed to accept 5,600 Pattern 1853 guns to be assembled by Vermont Arms as payment for their credit interest in the now bankrupt company. In 1858 Vermont Arms also failed, and the remaining inventory and assets were sold at auction. The State of New York purchased the completed arms and stored them in their armories. Back in 1856, R&L had also sold precision manufacturing machinery to the newly-established Royal Small Arms factory at Enfield. The machinery allowed the factory to mass produce the rifled muskets so that the parts were interchangeable like the U.S. government manufactured Springfields. To stay competitive, the Belgian arms factory at Liege, and the Birmingham Small Arms company (BSA, later a fampous manufacturer of motorcycles) also purchased similar machinery from Colt and Whitney.Edwards 1962 85-87Smithsonian, Civil War symposium, (2012) The Enfields in New York's inventory were mostly American-made like the Windsors or license-built in Liege, Belgium. (.58 and .577 cal.) B — 65 P53 Enfield rifled muskets (.58 and .577 cal.) C — 56 P53 Enfield rifled muskets (.58 and .577 cal.) D — 42 P53 Enfield rifled muskets (.58 and .577 cal.) E — 65 P53 Enfield rifled muskets (.58 and .577 cal.) F — 51 P53 Enfield rifled muskets (.58 and .577 cal.) G — 48 P53 Enfield rifled muskets (.58 and .577 cal.) H — 47 P53 Enfield rifled muskets (.58 and .577 cal.) I — 20 P53 Enfield rifled muskets (.58 and .577 cal.) K — 56 P53 Enfield rifled muskets (.58 and .577 cal.) Rifle-muskets Commanders Colonel Addison G. RiceDunkelman Winey 1981 20NYSMM, 154th Infantry Regiment, Roster (2015) - provisional colonel during organization, he never received an official commission Colonel Patrick Henry JonesDunkelman Winey 1981 20 Dunkelman 2015 1-100NYSMM, 154th Infantry Regiment, Roster (2015) Irvine, (1866) 343 Colonel Lewis D. WarnerDunkelman Winey 1981 20NYSMM, 154th Infantry Regiment, Roster (2015) Lieutenant Colonel Henry C. LoomisNYSMM, 154th Infantry Regiment, Roster (2015) - commanded at the Battle of Chancellorsville after Col Jones was wounded in actionDunkelman Winey 1981 20 Lieutenant Colonel Daniel B. AllenNYSMM, 154th Infantry Regiment, Roster (2015) - commanded at the Battle of GettysburgDunkelman Winey 1981 20 The 154th New York in art The 154th New York has been featured in Civil War paintings. Examples include: The Brickyard Fight - Mark Maritato Notable members Sergeant Amos Humiston,NYSMM, 154th Infantry Regiment, Roster (2015) Company C - killed in action at the Battle of Gettysburg, he died clutching a photograph of his three children, which became a symbol of the war's affects on families and led to the creation of the National Homestead at Gettysburg, a residence for widows and orphans See also American Civil War New York (state) List of New York Civil War regiments New York in the Civil War References Footnotes 40em Citations 30em Sources 40em Doubleday Abner Abner Doubleday Chancellorsville and Gettysburg C. Scribner's Sons The Army in The Civil War VI 1st 1885 New York, NY 281 en https://archive.org/details/cu31924092906993/page/n6/mode/thumb 05032153 1855131 July 4, 2023 Dunkelman Mark H. Mark H. Dunkelman Winey M. The Hardtack Regiment: An Illustrated History of the 154th Regiment, New York State Infantry Volunteers Fairleigh Dickinson University Press 1981 978-0-8386-3007-5 6626101 https://books.google.com/books?id=yvV2AAAAMAAJ June 30, 2023 Dunkelman Mark H. Mark H. Dunkelman Brothers One and All: Esprit de Corps in a Civil War Regiment Conflicting Worlds: New Dimensions of the American Civil War Louisiana State University Press Baton Rouge 2004 978-0-8071-2978-4 1297268791 https://books.google.com/books?id=TWRvtO4fCmUC June 30, 2023 Dunkelman Mark H. Mark H. Dunkelman War's Relentless Hand: Twelve Tales of Civil War Soldiers Conflicting Worlds: New Dimensions of the American Civil War Louisiana State University Press Baton Rouge 2006 978-0-8071-3190-9 63703793 https://books.google.com/books?id=qJ5AowA2oQIC June 30, 2023 Dunkelman Mark H. Mark H. Dunkelman Marching with Sherman: Through Georgia and the Carolinas with the 154th New York Conflicting Worlds: New Dimensions of the American Civil War Louisiana State University Press Baton Rouge 2012 978-0-8071-4378-0 940619272 https://books.google.com/books?id=_KTYCwAAQBAJ June 30, 2023 Dunkelman Mark H. Mark H. Dunkelman Patrick Henry Jones: Irish American, Civil War General, and Gilded Age Politician Conflicting Worlds: New Dimensions of the American Civil War Louisiana State University Press Baton Rouge 2015 978-0-8071-5966-8 1038582040 https://books.google.com/books?id=nLXYCwAAQBAJ June 30, 2023 Dyer Frederick Henry Frederick H. Dyer A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion Dyer Pub. Co. Des Moines, IA 1908 B01BUFJ76Q https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_OBkNAQAAMAAJ/page/1462/mode/1up?view=theater PDF August 8, 2015 30, 43, 198, 319, 456, 459, 1462 Edwards William Bennett Civil War Guns: The Complete Story of Federal and Confederate Small Arms : Design, Manufacture, Identification, Procurement, Issue, Employment, Effectiveness, and Postwar Disposal Stackpole Company Harisburg, Pennsylvania 1962 854603 https://archive.org/details/civilwarguns0000unse registration Eicher David J. David J. Eicher McPherson James M. James M. McPherson McPherson James Alan James Alan McPherson The Longest Night: A Military History of the Civil War Simon & Schuster 1st 2001 New York, NY 990 en https://archive.org/details/longestnightmili00eich 6 July 2020 registration 978-0-7432-1846-7 231931020 2001034153 PDF Federal Publishing Company Military Affairs and Regimental Histories of New York, Maryland, West Virginia, And Ohio Federal Publishing Company The Union Army: A History of Military Affairs in the Loyal States, 1861–65 – Records of the Regiments in the Union army – Cyclopedia of battles – Memoirs of Commanders and Soldiers. II 1908 Madison, WI https://archive.org/details/unionarmyhistory02madi/page/n7/mode/2up 1086145633 PDF 160 Gallagher Gary W. Gary W. Gallagher Chancellorsville: The Battle and Its Aftermath (Military Campaigns of the Civil War) University of North Carolina Press Chapel Hill, NC 1996 978-0-8078-3590-6 778434407 https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/12/monograph/book/18355 subscription July 19, 2023 Hillhouse Thomas Thomas Hillhouse (American politician) Adjutant General's Report, 1862 New York (State). Adjutant General's Office Annual Reports of the Adjutant General of the State of New York January 27, 1863 Albany, NY 13, 1026,1100-11001 en https://museum.dmna.ny.gov/download_file/view/24335/3240 2020-04-10 registration sn94095328 1039942785 PDF Irvine William William Irvine (New York politician) Adjutant General's Report, 1865 II New York (State). Adjutant General's Office; C. Wendell, Printer Annual Reports of the Adjutant General of the State of New York January 17, 1866 Albany, NY 343–345 en https://museum.dmna.ny.gov/application/files/8216/5650/2454/AG_Report_1865_v2_.pdf July 16, 2023 sn94095328 1039942785 PDF Irvine, (1866) Katcher P. Youens M. Army of the Potomac Bloomsbury Publishing Men-at-Arms 2013 London, UK 978-1-4728-0532-4 1021810372 https://books.google.com/books?id=o4qHCwAAQBAJ June 30, 2023 Keller Christian Chancellorsville and the Germans: Nativism, Ethnicity, and Civil War Memory Fordham University Press The North's Civil War Series New York, NY 2007 978-0-8232-3489-9 647876370 https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/93/monograph/book/13252 subscription July 4, 2023 Mink Eric J. https://npsfrsp.files.wordpress.com/2018/05/armament-aop-chancellorsville2.pdf Armament in the Army of the Potomac During the Chancellorsville Campaign Fredericksburg & Spotsylvania NMP Staff Mysteries & Conundrums May 2018 Mink, Armament in the Army of the Potomac, (2018), p.123 November 14, 2020 New York Monuments Commission for the Battlefields of Gettysburg and Chattanooga New York Monuments Commission: Final Report of the Battlefield of Gettysburg III J.B. Lyon Company New York 1902 1000369661 https://archive.org/details/cu31924071238673 July 16, 2023 Owens Eldon J. 1976 Guns Made in Windsor, Vermont https://americansocietyofarmscollectors.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/1976-B35-Guns-Made-In-Windsor-Vermont.pdf American Society of Arms Collectors Bulletin 35 0362-9457 Dallas, TX American Society of Arms Collectors en 29–32 December 18, 2022 Phisterer Frederick Frederick Phisterer Sixty-Ninth Regiment of Infantry - One Hundred and Forty-First Regiment of Infantry J. B. Lyon Company, State Printers New York in the War of Rebellion, 1861-1865 4 3rd 1912a Albany, NY 3320–3324 en https://archive.org/details/phisterernewyork04fredrich/page/3320/mode/2up 2023-04-06 registration 14013311 1359922 PDF Phisterer Frederick Frederick Phisterer One Hundred and Forty-First Regiment of Infantry - Officers of the United States Marine Corps J. B. Lyon Company, State Printers New York in the War of Rebellion, 1861-1865 5 3rd 1912b Albany, NY 3790–3804 en https://archive.org/details/phisterernewyork05fredrich/page/3790/mode/1up?view=theater 2023-04-06 registration 14013311 1359922 PDF Sears Stephen W. Stephen W. Sears Chancellorsville Houghton Mifflin Co. Boston, MA 1996 978-0-585-18002-1 1285458282 96031220 https://archive.org/details/chancellorsville0000sear/page/152/mode/1up registration 151–153 July 14, 2023 Sprague John T. Adjutant General's Report, 1863 II New York (State). Adjutant General's Office Annual Reports of the Adjutant General of the State of New York February 1, 1864 Albany, NY 14 en https://dmna.ny.gov/historic/research/AG_Reports/AG_Report_1863_v2.pdf 2020-04-10 sn94095328 1039942785 PDF Sprague, (1864), Vol. II Sprague John T. Adjutant General's Report, 1864 II New York (State). Adjutant General's Office Annual Reports of the Adjutant General of the State of New York January 12, 1865 Albany, NY 284 en https://museum.dmna.ny.gov/application/files/1815/8014/6886/AG_Report_1864.pdf July 16, 2023 sn94095328 1039942785 PDF Sprague, (1865) Welcher Frank J. The Eastern Theater Indiana University Press The Union Army, 1861–1865: Organization and Operations 1 1st, (October 1, 1989) 1989 Bloomington 1084 978-0-253-36453-1 799063447 Wineman Bradford A. The Chancellorsville Campaign, January–May 1863, CMH Pub 75-9 U.S. Army, Center of Military History Campaigns of the Civil War 1st 2013 Washington, DC 1–48 en https://history.army.mil/catalog/pubs/75/75-9.html https://web.archive.org/web/20130916211218/http://www.history.army.mil/catalog/pubs/75/75-9.html dead September 16, 2013 March 11, 2020 847739804 GPO SerNo 008-029-00555-7 PDF Krick Robert K. Lee's Greatest Victory American Heritage American Heritage Publishing Co 41 2 March 1990 66–79 https://www.americanheritage.com/lees-greatest-victory July 22, 2023 0002-8738 671280483 2016 154th New York Infantry Regiment https://civilwarintheeast.com/us-regiments-batteries/new-york-infantry/154th-new-york/ December 17, 2020 The Civil War in the East Civil War in the East, 154th New York Infantry Regiment 154th Infantry Regiment: New York State Military Museum and Veterans Research Center New York Division of Military and Naval Affairs June 9, 2020 https://museum.dmna.ny.gov/unit-history/infantry-2/154th-infantry-regiment NYSMM, 154th Infantry Regiment (2020) 2020-04-08 154th Infantry Regiment Roster: New York State Military Museum and Veterans Research Center New York Division of Military and Naval Affairs June 9, 2020 http://www.nysmm.org/download_file/view/5783 NYSMM, 154th Infantry Regiment, Roster (2015) 2020-04-08 http://www.civilwararchive.com/Unreghst/unnyin10.htm#11 154th New York Infantry Regiment 2016 American Civil War Archive The Civil War Archives 2017-04-08 CWA, 154th Regiment Infantry(2016) https://collegehillarsenal.com/belgian-m-1853-enfield-rifle-musket-about-mint?search=1853%20Enfield Belgian M-1853 Enfield Rifle Musket - About Mint 2018 College Hill Arsenal College Hill Arsenal December 18, 2022 CHA, Belgian M-1853 Enfield(2018) https://collegehillarsenal.com/fine-scarce-windsor-enfield-by-robbins-lawrence?search=Enfield&limit=100 Fine & Scarce Windsor Enfield By Robbins & Lawrence 2020 College Hill Arsenal College Hill Arsenal December 18, 2022 CHA, Windsor Enfield By Robbins & Lawrence P1853, (2020) Merritt Roe Smith 9 November 2012 Northern Weapons Manufacturing during the Civil War; keynote address of the 2012 Smithsonian Institution's Technology and the Civil War symposium C-SPAN https://www.c-span.org/video/?309361-1/northern-weapons-manufacturing-civil-war&start=1340 C-SPAN Smithsonian, Civil War symposium, (2012) https://www.nps.gov/civilwar/search-battle-units-detail.htm?battleUnitCode=UNY0154RI 154th Regiment, New York Infantry The Civil War (U.S. National Park Service) U.S. National Park Service 2020 NPS 154th Regiment, New York Infantry Warner Lewis D.. 154th Infantry Regiment: New York State Military Museum and Veterans Research Center New York Division of Military and Naval Affairs June 9, 2020 http://www.nysmm.org/download_file/view/5769 NYSMM, Cattaraugus Freeman - MAJ Warner Letter, July 10, 1863 2020-04-08 Dunkelman Mark H. Desperate Stand: What The Brickyard Fight Meant At Gettysburg HistoryNet 2018 https://www.historynet.com/desperate-stand-brickyard-fight-gettysburg/ July 22, 2023 CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. Elizabeth Ann Seton NEW ADVENT September 14, 1975 https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13739a.htm NEW ADVENT 1975 July 22, 2023 A Short History of the Sisters of Charity Emmitsburg Area Historical Society http://www.emmitsburg.net/archive_list/articles/history/stories/sisters_of_charity.htm Emmitsburg.net July 22, 2023 John Fenzel February 27, 2023 Unsung Heroes: The Brickyard Fight at Gettysburg en https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M_Qcq9s6xXI&t=769s July 1, 2023 YouTube 15:03 Annapolis, MD John Fenzel YouTube, Unsung Heroes: The Brickyard Fight at Gettysburg -John Fenzel External links Regimental flag of the 154th New York Infantry 154th New York Infantry monument at Gettysburg Battlefield Children of the Battlefield monument at Gettysburg Battlefield Category:Military units and formations established in 1862 Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1865 Infantry 154