1833 Shōnai earthquake

Earthquake in Japan yes December 7, 1833 15:00–16:00 JST 1833 Dewa Echigo earthquake intensity.png 6+ 150 dead 12.9 m Chūbu region, Japan 38.9 139.25 inline,title日本付近のおもな被害地震年代表 Japan Historical Earthquakes Representative https://www.zisin.jp/publications/document05_04.html Seismological Society of Japan 20 June 2022 26 May 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210526140653/https://www.zisin.jp/publications/document05_04.html dead 7.98 w y, 7.5–7.7 j yes The Shōnai offshore earthquake 庄内沖地震 Shōnai-oki Jishin yes occurred at around 14:00 on December 7, 1833. It struck with an epicenter in the Sea of Japan, off the coast of Yamagata Prefecture, Japan. A tsunami was triggered by the estimated jma 7.5–7.7 earthquake. One hundred and fifty people were killed and there was severe damage in the prefecture. Tectonic setting Eastern margin of the Sea of Japan Japan is situated on a convergent boundary between the Pacific, Philippine Sea, Okhotsk and Amurian Plates. Along the island arc's east and southeast coast, subduction of the Pacific and Philippine Sea plates occur at the Japan Trench and Nankai Trough, respectively. The west coast of Honshu, bordering the Sea of Japan, is a north–south trending convergent boundary.Mulia Iyan E. Ishibe Takeo Satake Kenji Gusman Aditya Riadi Murotani Satoko Regional probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment associated with active faults along the eastern margin of the Sea of Japan Earth, Planets and Space 3 September 2020 72 123 123 10.1186/s40623-020-01256-5 2020EP&S...72..123M 221463717 free This boundary between the Amurian and Okhotsk Plates is thought to be an incipient subduction zone, consisting of eastward-dipping thrust faults.Hurukawa Nobuo Harada Tomoya Fault plane of the 1964 Niigata earthquake, Japan, derived from relocation of the mainshock and aftershocks by using the modified joint hypocenter determination and grid search methods Earth, Planets and Space 2013 65 12 1441–1447 10.5047/eps.2013.06.007 2013EP&S...65.1441H 73567424 free Convergent tectonics have been occurring in the region since the end of the Pliocene.Tamaki Kensaku Honza Eiichi Incipient subduction and deduction along the eastern margin of the Japan Sea Tectonophysics 20 October 1985 119 1–4 381–406 10.1016/0040-1951(85)90047-2 1985Tectp.119..381T https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0040195185900472 20 June 2022 subscription Earthquakes and tsunamis are produced on thrust faults that form the boundary, with magnitudes in the range of 6.8–7.9. Major earthquakes and tsunamis along this boundary occurred in 1741, 1940, 1964, 1983 and 1993, although the origin of the 1741 tsunami remains open to debate.Satake Kenji Volcanic origin of the 1741 Oshima-Oshima tsunami in the Japan Sea Earth Planets Space 2007 59 5 381–390 10.1186/BF03352698 2007EP&S...59..381S 55372867 https://earth-planets-space.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/BF03352698.pdf free Earthquake The earthquake ruptured the convergent boundary faults of the eastern margin of the Sea of Japan. The rupture zone partially overlaps that of the 1964 earthquake which struck in the same area, although parts of the rupture area extended north. Seismic shaking was observed across Akita, Yamagata, and Niigata prefectures. Research papers provided various locations for the epicenter including 26 km off the coast of Atsumi, 50 km off the coast of Sakata or along the eastern margin.Takashimizu Yasuhiro Kawakami Gentaro Urabe Atsushi Tsunamis caused by offshore active faults and their deposits Earth-Science Reviews 2020 211 10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103380 The earthquake had an estimated JMA magnitude (j) of 7.5–7.7,Hatori Tokutaro Magnitudes of the 1833 Yamagata-Oki Earthquake in the Japan Sea and its Tsunami Zisin (Journal of the Seismological Society of Japan) Second Series 1990 43 2 227–232 10.4294/zisin1948.43.2_227 https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/zisin1948/43/2/43_2_227/_pdf/-char/en ja free similar to the 1964 earthquake, while the tsunami magnitude (t) was 8.1. The JMA magnitude was calculated based on the seismic intensities recorded during the earthquake.Kawakami Gentaro Kase Yoshihiro Atsushi Urabe Takashimizu Yasuhiro Tsunamis and possible tsunamigenic deposits along the eastern margin of the Japan Sea Journal of the Geological Society of Japan 2017 123 10 857–877 10.5575/geosoc.2017.0054 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322687362 free To explain the tsunami observations, two rectangular faults were modelled. The estimated dimension of the first and northern rupture is 50 km long and 40 km across. The southern rupture measures 70 km by 40 km. Both planes dip 60° to the east and a maximum displacement of 8 m was estimated. The model also indicated a moment magnitude of 7.98. A seismic gap exist between the rupture areas of the 1833 and 1983 earthquakes, which is capable of generating a magnitude 7.5 earthquake. Tsunami 200px|thumb|right|The Shōnai coast which was inundated by the 1833 tsunami. Waves of more than 5 m were recorded along the coast of Akita, Yamagata, and Niigata prefectures while the maximum run-up was 12.9 m in Katanorizawa. It is thought to be one of the largest tsunami in the Sea of Japan. The tsunami reached a height of 7–8 m at Kamomoya, Yamagata Prefecture, and large waves were reported along a 30–50 km stretch of coastline. In Kisakata (Akita) and Ajigasawa (Aomori), waves 4–5 m struck. The tsunami measured 1–3 m in Izumozaki, Niigata. Waves exceeding 5 m was reported from Kamo (8 m) to Fuya (7 m). Waves were described as "strong" in Tsuruoka. It traveled 2.5 km upstream.Yata Toshifumi 一八三三年庄内沖地震における越後の津波到達点と水死者数 災害・復興と資料 2014 4 27–31 https://niigata-u.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/8036#.YrCeTnbP25c At Sakaiminato, Tottori, the tsunami measured 2.3 m.Tsuji Yoshinobu Moriya Takumi Haga Yayoi Imai Kentaro Matsuoka Yuya Imamura Fumihiko Iwase Hiroyuki Sato Masami 天保四年(1833)出羽沖地震津波の隠岐諸島,および島根半島での津波高 Research Report of Tsunami Engineering 2017 33 333–356 https://www.tsunami.irides.tohoku.ac.jp/hokusai3/J/publications/pdf2/vol.33_19.pdf Heights of the Tsunami of the Tenpo Dewa-Oki Earthquake of December 7th, 1833 on the Coasts of Oki Archipelago and Shimane Peninsula ja At Wajima on the Noto Peninsula, the tsunami reached 5.8 m. Impact A total of 150 fatalities resulted. According to various sources, between 360 and 600 homes were washed away by the tsunami or destroyed in the shaking. Another 1,790 homes sustained partial destruction. In the Shonai region, 158 houses and 322 boats and ships were lost. An estimated 38 residents died in the tsunami. At Sado, 123 homes were destroyed.Global Historical Tsunami Database National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS) https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/tsunami/event-more-info/682 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information Data Set An additional 47 people died in Wajima,Hatori Tokutaro 新潟県〜石川県沿岸の津波累積エネルギー分布 Historical Earthquake 2012 27 http://www.histeq.jp/kaishi_27/HE27_009_014_Hatori.pdf Distribution of Cumulative Tsunami Energy along the Niigata to Ishikawa Coasts, the Japan Sea ja on the Noto Peninsula. A maximum JMA seismic intensity 6 was estimated in an area measuring 80 km in length from Niigata to Yamagata prefectures.Usami Tatsuo 最新版 日本被害地震総覧［416］－2001 2003 University of Tokyo Press 978-4-13-060742-1 http://www.utp.or.jp/book/b301893.html Seismic intensity 5 extended 250 km from Niigata to Akita to the Yamagata basin along the Mogami River. Shaking resulted in the partial destruction of Tsuruoka, Oyama, Makisone, Yosida, Okushinden, and Hironoshinden. Generally, damage in the region in proportion to the number of buildings was not great. The greatest damage was reported along the coast. Liquefaction was observed at Matsugasaki, Sado.Significant Earthquake Database https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/1765 National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS) National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA 10.7289/V5TD9V7K 1972 Data Set See also Earth sciences Japan List of earthquakes in Japan List of historical earthquakes References Category:December 1833 Category:1833 in Japan Category:Tsunamis in Japan Category:History of the Tōhoku region Category:Earthquakes in Yamagata Prefecture Category:Earthquakes in Niigata Prefecture Category:Earthquakes in Ishikawa Prefecture Category:Shōnai, Yamagata Category:Sea of Japan Category:Earthquakes of the Edo period Category:1833 earthquakes Category:19th-century tsunamis Category:1833 natural disasters Category:Sado, Niigata