1977 Indonesian legislative election

none Indonesia parliamentary 1971 Indonesian legislative election 1971 2 May 1977 1982 Indonesian legislative election 1982 360 of the 460 seats in the House of Representatives 181 70,378,750 90.93% ( 2.48pp) Amir Murtono, Memperkenalkan Anggota-Anggota DPR Hasil Pemilu 1982, p148 (3x4).jpg Amir Murtono Golkar 62.82%, 236 seats 232 4 39,750,096 62.11% 0.71pp Mintaredja Tux.jpg Mohammad Syafaat Mintaredja United Development Party 27.12%, 94 seatsCombined votes and seats of NU, Parmusi, PSII, and Perti. 99 5 18,743,491 29.29% 2.17pp Sanusi Hardjadinata, Departemen Dalam Negeri dari Masa ke Masa, p103.jpg Sanusi Hardjadinata Indonesian Democratic Party 10.06%, 30 seatsCombined votes and seats of PNI, Parkindo, Catholic Party, Murba, and IPKI. 29 1 5,504,757 8.60% 1.46pp 300px Results by city and regency#FFD900 Golkar green PPP Map of the election results Speaker Idham Chalid Nahdlatul Ulama Adam Malik Golkar Legislative elections were held in Indonesia on 2 May 1977. They were the third legislative elections since independence, and the second under the New Order regime. There were three participants; the two political parties and functional group Golkar. Background In 1971, the New Order regime of Indonesia held the first legislative elections since 1955 in an effort to establish a system of government with President Suharto and the Indonesian military in control and to give this system legitimacy. Thanks to government manipulation of the nine contesting parties and intervention by the government and the military, the government-sponsored Golkar organization won 63 percent of the vote, giving it 227 of the 251 directly elected seats in the DPR as well as all nine indirectly elected seats in Western New Guinea. Golkar was also awarded the remaining 100 seats according to the provisions of the 1969 Election Law, giving it 336, almost three quarters of the total.Liddle 1978a 178Schwarz 1999 70Nishihara 1972 1-2 President Suharto had long wanted the political parties to be "simplified," and in 1972, he said that this simplification would be complete if there were only three ballot symbols in the next election, a sentiment echoed by Suharto's personal assistant and head of the Special Operations (Opsus) unit Ali Murtopo, who said the 1976 election (as it was then scheduled) would only be contested by three "flags," namely those of the two parties and one functional group. In January 1973, this was realized in the forced fusion of the nine existing political parties into two: the four Islamic parties were combined into the United Development Party (PPP) and the nationalist and Christian parties formed the Indonesian Democratic Party (PDI).Subekti 2014 79-81Liddle 1978b 126 In its 1973 session, the People's Consultative Assembly reelected Suharto president for a five-year term and passed a resolution stating that the election would be held at the latest by the end of 1977 and that there would be three participants, the two political parties and the 'functional group' Golkar. The election was finally scheduled for 1977, the extra year being necessary for the New Order to have enough time to make the necessary changes to laws to ensure its victory.Liddle 1978b 126Sekretariat Jenderal DPR-RI 1983 1Nainggolan 2001 309 The government began preparing for the election in 1975 when it sent the necessary legislation for approval to the DPR. There were two bills, one on the party system and one on the organization of the election. They were designed to make it easier for Golkar to defeat the two parties by banning civil servants from joining political parties (i.e. not including Golkar), obliging parties to adopt the state philosophy Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution as their sole ideology and not allowing parties to organize below the level of the district. There was strong opposition to these proposals from both the parties, and this resulted in a compromise on all three, in particular with the PPP being allowed to be based on Islam.Liddle 1978b 126-127 As in 1971, the government screened all election candidates and disqualified 19% from the PPP, 16% from the PDI and 5% from Golkar.Liddle 1978b 127 Campaign The campaign lasted from 24 February to 24 April. The week before the 2 May vote was a "quiet week".Liddle 1978a 179 During the campaign, there were a total of 203 recorded violations, 103 by the United Development Party, 38 by the Indonesian Democratic Party, 22 by Golkar, 15 by officers and 25 anonymously.Presiden berikan peringatan2 ttg penyelesaian akhir Pemilu Pelita Jakarta 3 May 1977 Results The 100 unelected seats were filled by appointed Golkar representatives, including 75 from ABRI and four from the new province of East Timor, which was "not yet able to hold elections."Sekretariat Jenderal DPR-RI 1983 7 The newly elected members of the DPR were sworn in on 1 October 1977.Sekretariat Jenderal DPR-RI 1983 7 File:Indonesia People's Representative Council 1977.svg Elected Appointed Total Golkar 39750096 232 100 332 United Development Party 18743491 99 0 99 Indonesian Democratic Party 5504757 29 0 29 70378750 KPU, SudibjoSudibjo, p156 Presidential election Following the legislative election, the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR), the legislative branch of Indonesia, met from 22 to 23 March 1978 to elect both the president and vice president of the country for the 1978–1983 term. Golkar, the faction with the most seats in the People's Consultative Assembly since 1971, nominated Suharto as its presidential candidate. He was thus re-elected president unanimously to a third term on 22 March. Adam Malik was elected vice president on the next day. In 1978, many candidates ran, including Ali Sadikin. Unfortunately, he did not win against Suharto. Ali Sadikin even sent a petition letter, but his candidacy was not accepted. Judilherry Justam id and Armein Daulay also ran, but because they were considered actions that should not be done, the two students were arrested. President Suharto Golkar 590 0 590 Vice president Adam Malik Golkar 590 0 590 Notes References Citations Sources Liddle R. William Indonesia 1977: The New Order's Second Parliamentary Election Asian Survey 18 University of California Press 1978a 2 175–185 10.2307/2643311 2643311 Liddle R. William The 1977 Election and New Order Legitimacy Southeast Asian Affairs ISEAS - Yusof Ishak Institute 1978b 122–138 10.1355/SEAA78K 1 July 2025 Nainggolan Poltak Partogi Yayasan API Panduan Parlemen Indonesia id Directory of the Indonesian Parliament Yayasan API 2001 299–324 Parlemen dalam Konteks Sejarah 1959-1998 Parliaments in the Context of History 1959-1998 979-96532-1-5 Nishihara Masashi Golkar and the Indonesian elections of 1971 1972 Modern Indonesia Project, Cornell University https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=coo.31924023296092&view=1up&seq=3 978-0877630043 Ricklefs M.C. M. C. Ricklefs A History of Modern Indonesia Since c. 1200 4th Palgrave MacMillan 2008 1981 978-0-230-54686-8 Sekretariat Jenderal DPR-RI Dewan Perwkilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia Periode 1977-1982 id Republic of Indonesia People's Representative Council 1977-1982 http://repositori.dpr.go.id/84/1/DPR%20RI%20PERIODE%201977-1982.pdf 1983 Schwarz Adam A Nation in Waiting: Indonesia in the 1990s 2nd Allen & Unwin 1999 9781760636913 Sudibjo M. Pemilihan Umum 1992: Suatu Evaluasi Indonesian The 1992 General Election: An Evaluation 1995 Center for Strategic and International Studies Jakarta 32449151 Subekti Valina Singka Partai Syarikat Islam Indonesia: Konstelasi Politik hingga Konflik Kekuasaan Elite id Indonesian Islamic Union Party: Political Constellation to Conflict among the Political Elite Center for Strategic and International Studies 2014 978-979-461-859-2 Category:Legislative elections in Indonesia Legislative Category:New Order (Indonesia) Indonesia Category:People's Consultative Assembly Indonesia Category:Election and referendum articles with incomplete results