1970s in LGBTQ rights

none This is a list of notable events in the history of LGBT rights that took place in the 1970s. Background thumb|right|200px|The Gay Pride Flag, symbol of the Rights Movement, was first flown in 1978 in San Francisco. This is the version flying over the Castro in June 2005 Private, consensual same-sex activity was decriminalized in England and Wales in 1967.https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1967/60 Sexual Offences Act 1967 legislation.cov.uk March 4, 2021 Most same-sex activity was legalized in Canada in 1969.https://www.equaldex.com/region/canada LGBT Rights in Canada Equaldex March 4, 2021 The Stonewall riots, which occurred in New York City in June 1969, are generally considered to have ignited the modern gay rights movement in the United States. Themes Considering the profound stigma still attached to homosexuality at the dawn of the 1970s, the movement, although still nascent, saw tremendous gains over the course of the decade. The American Psychiatric Association removed homosexuality from its list of psychiatric disorders in 1973.https://www.nytimes.com/1973/12/23/archives/the-issue-is-subtle-the-debate-still-on-the-apa-ruling-on.html The A.P.A. Ruling on Homosexuality December 23, 1973 The New York Times March 4, 2021 Homosexual decriminalisation laws and ordinances were passed by several cities and states, including Ann Arbor, Michigan in 1972, South Australia in 1975,https://www.moadoph.gov.au/blog/40th-anniversary-of-decriminalisation-of-homosexuality/# 40th anniversary of decriminalisation of homosexuality York Barry August 27, 2015 Museum of Australian Democracy at Old Parliament House March 4, 2021 the Australian Capital Territory in 1976,Bull Melissa Pinto Susan Wilson Paul January 1991 Homosexual Law Reform in Australia Trends & Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice Australian Institute of Criminology 29 https://www.aic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2020-05/tandi029.pdf and in 1977 Quebec became the first jurisdiction larger than a city or county in the world to prohibit discrimination based on sexual orientation in the public and private sectors.Homophobia and Homonationalism: LGBTQ Law Reform in Canada Smith Miriam January 10, 2019 Social & Legal Studies 29 1 68–84 10.1177/0964663918822150 free Bisexuality also saw increased visibility. A Quaker group, the Committee of Friends on Bisexuality, issued the "Ithaca Statement on Bisexuality" supporting bisexuals.http://bimedia.org/1984/june-1972-the-ithaca-statement/ June 1972: The Ithaca Statement - BiMedia 2013-11-01 https://web.archive.org/web/20151015231948/http://bimedia.org/1984/june-1972-the-ithaca-statement/ 2015-10-15 The Statement, which may have been "the first public declaration of the bisexual movement" and "was certainly the first statement on bisexuality issued by an American religious assembly," appeared in the Quaker Friends Journal and The Advocate in 1972. Donaldson Stephen 1995 The Bisexual Movement's Beginnings in the 70s: A Personal Retrospective 31–45 Tucker Naomi Bisexual Politics: Theories, Queries, & Visions New York Harrington Park Press 1-56023-869-0 registration https://archive.org/details/bisexualpolitics00tuck/page/31 http://www.camprehoboth.com/issue07_11_03/pastout.htm PAST Out: What is the history of the bisexual movement? 2008-03-18 Highleyman Liz 2003-07-11 LETTERS From CAMP Rehoboth 13 8 https://web.archive.org/web/20080531051440/http://www.camprehoboth.com/issue07_11_03/pastout.htm 2008-05-31 Martin Robert Quakers 'come out' at conference The Advocate 1972-08-02 91 8 Today Quakers have varying opinions on LGBTQ people and rights, with some Quaker groups more accepting than others.http://www.hrc.org/resources/entry/stances-of-faiths-on-lgbt-issues-religious-society-of-friends-quakers Stances of Faiths on LGBTQ Issues: Religious Society of Friends(Quakers) The Human Rights Campaign March 4, 2021 For the first time, a few openly gay people were elected to political office in the United States. In 1977 Harvey Milk, a politically active gay man in the emerging gay neighborhood The Castro, was elected to the Board of Supervisors in San Francisco.https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/harvey-milk-first-openly-gay-person-elected-in-california Harvey Milk Becomes the First Openly Gay Person Elected to Public Office in California August 28, 2019 History.com March 4, 2021 Milk and liberal San Francisco mayor George Moscone were assassinated the following year. In 1979 their assassin, Dan White, received a sentence of voluntary manslaughter. The anger the gay community felt about the murders and about White's light sentence further galvanized the movement (see White Night Riots).https://www.history.com/news/what-were-the-white-night-riots What Were the White Night Riots? Stezano Martin June 7, 2017 History.com March 4, 2021 The increasing visibility of gay people also generated a backlash during the 1970s. In perhaps the most discussed anti-gay rights campaign of the decade, singer Anita Bryant led a successful drive in 1977 to repeal a gay-rights ordinance in Dade County, Florida.https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-2007-06-04-0706030236-story.html How Anita Bryant Fought--And Helped--Gay Rights Tanasychuk John June 4, 2007 South Florida Sun-Sentinel March 4, 2021 The new openness about homosexuality proved disconcerting to some heterosexuals who had been accustomed to gay and lesbian people remaining closeted and politically silent. Canadian author Robertson Davies wrote during the decade that "the love that dare not speak its name" (referencing the famous Lord Alfred Douglas quotation, also quoted by Oscar Wilde during his court case in 1895) "has become the love that won't shut up." On October 14, 1979, approximately 100,000 people marched in Washington, D.C., in the largest pro-gay rights demonstration up to that time.http://mallhistory.org/items/show/286 National March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights October 14, 1979 Histories of the National Mall March 4, 2021 By year 1970 – The first Gay Liberation Day March is held in New York City; The first LGBT Pride Parade is held in Los Angeles; The first "Gay-in" held in San Francisco; Carl Wittman writes A Gay Manifesto;http://library.gayhomeland.org/0006/EN/A_Gay_Manifesto.htm A Gay Manifesto (1970) Wittman Carl 1970 Gay Homeland Foundation 28 June 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100217043321/http://library.gayhomeland.org/0006/EN/A_Gay_Manifesto.htm 17 February 2010 Blasius Mark Shane Phelan We are everywhere: a historical sourcebook in gay and lesbian politics 1997 Routledge 0-415-90859-0 380–90 CAMP (Campaign Against Moral Persecution) is formed in Australia.http://heuristscholar.org/cocoon/dos/browser/item/422/ Lesbians Jennings Rebecca 2008-10-21 Dictionary of Sydney 28 June 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20110726150518/http://heuristscholar.org/cocoon/dos/browser/item/422/ 26 July 2011 Willett Graham Living out loud: a history of gay and lesbian activism in Australia 2000 Allen & Unwin 33 1971 – Society Five (a homosexual rights organization) is formed in Melbourne, Australia; Homosexuality is decriminalized in Austria, Costa Rica and Finland; Colorado and Oregon repeal sodomy laws; Idaho repeals the sodomy law — Then re-instates the repealed sodomy law because of outrage among Mormons and Catholics.Getting Rid of Sodomy Laws: History and Strategy that Led to the Lawrence Decisionhttp://www.sodomylaws.org/usa/idaho/idaho.htm Sodomy Laws, Idaho 2008-01-14 https://web.archive.org/web/20021014024833/http://www.sodomylaws.org/usa/idaho/idaho.htm 2002-10-14 The Netherlands changes the homosexual age of consent to 16, the same as the straight age of consent; The U.S. Libertarian Party calls for the repeal of all victimless crime laws, including the sodomy laws; Dr. Frank Kameny becomes the first openly gay candidate for the United States Congress; The University of Michigan establishes the first collegiate LGBT programs office, then known as the "Gay Advocate's Office." The UK Gay Liberation Front (GLF) was recognized as a political movement in the national press and was holding weekly meetings of 200 to 300 people.An Alternative to Sexual Shame: Impact of the new militancy among homosexual groups The Times Victoria Brittain Victoria Brittain 28 August 1971 12 1972 – Sweden becomes first country in the world to allow transgender people (called transsexuals at the time) to legally change their sex, and provides free hormone therapy;http://www.quistbergh.se/view/514 Swedish Jag känner mig lite homosexuell idag I feel a bit gay today 2001 Frederick Quist Bergh 1 April 2013 Hawaii legalizes homosexuality; In Australia, the Dunstan Labor government introduces a consenting adults in private type defence in South Australia. This defence was initiated as a bill by Murray Hill, father of former Defence Minister Robert Hill, and later repealed the state's sodomy law in 1975; Norway decriminalizes homosexuality; East Lansing, Michigan and Ann Arbor, Michigan and San Francisco, California become the first cities in United States to pass a homosexual rights ordinance. Jim Foster, San Francisco and Madeline Davis, Buffalo, New York, first gay and lesbian delegates to the Democratic Convention, Miami, McGovern; give the first speeches advocating a gay rights plank in the Democratic Party Platform. "Stonewall Nation" first gay anthem is written and recorded by Madeline Davis and is produced on 45 rpm record by the Mattachine Society of the Niagara Frontier. Lesbianism 101, first lesbianism course in the U.S. taught at the University of Buffalo by Margaret Small and Madeline Davis.https://medium.com/queer-history-for-the-people/madeline-davis-lesbian-delegate-a5623a3fc77f Madeline Davis: Lesbian Delegate Iovannone Jeffry J. 2018-06-14 Queer History For the People 2020-01-17 A Quaker group, the Committee of Friends on Bisexuality, issued the "Ithaca Statement on Bisexuality" supporting bisexuals. 1973 – On the 15 October the Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatry Federal Council declares homosexuality not an illness – the first such body in the world to do so; in December the American Psychiatric Association removes homosexuality from its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-II), based largely on the research and advocacy of Evelyn Hooker.Jones, Stanton L. Mark A. Yarhouse Homosexuality: The Use of Scientific Research in the Church's Moral Debate https://books.google.com/books?id=9glOXO60Ij0C&pg=PA97 20 August 2009 InterVarsity Press 978-0-8308-7554-2 97 Malta legalizes homosexuality;Carolyn Bain Malta & Gozo https://books.google.com/books?id=p4S5qEp9zMoC&pg=PA174 2007 Lonely Planet 978-1-74104-540-6 174Ronan McCrea Religion and the Public Order of the European Union https://books.google.com/books?id=R8nq8UETZq8C&pg=PA32 7 October 2010 Oxford University Press 978-0-19-959535-8 32 In West Germany, the age of consent is reduced for homosexuals to 18 (though it is 14 for heterosexuals).Hubert Kennedy Hubert Kennedy The Ideal Gay Man: The Story of Der Kreis Journal of Homosexuality https://books.google.com/books?id=PaNx7JMguB0C&pg=PA73 15 April 2013 38 1–2 Routledge 978-1-135-78636-6 73 10.1300/J082v38n03_01 10546958 subscriptionScott Barclay Mary Bernstein Anna-Maria Marshall Queer Mobilizations: LGBT Activists Confront the Law https://books.google.com/books?id=SbpNqWuZHSMC&pg=PA128 2009 NYU Press 978-0-8147-9130-1 128Florence Tamagne A History of Homosexuality in Europe, Vol. I & II: Berlin, London, Paris, 1919-1939 https://books.google.com/books?id=lqotAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA400 2006 Algora Publishing 978-0-87586-355-9 400 1974 – Kathy Kozachenko becomes the first openly gay American elected to public office when she wins a seat on the Ann Arbor, Michigan city council; In New York City Dr. Fritz Klein founds the Bisexual Forum, the first support group for the Bisexual Community; Ohio repeals sodomy laws. Robert Grant founds American Christian Cause to oppose the "gay agenda", the beginning of modern Christian politics in the United States. In London, the first openly LGBT telephone help line opens, followed one year later by the Brighton Gay and Lesbian Switchboard; the Brunswick Four are arrested on January 5, 1974, in Toronto, Ontario. This incident of Lesbophobia galvanizes the Toronto Lesbian and Gay community;Warner, Tom. Never Going Back: A History of Queer Activism in Canada, 2002 University of Toronto Press, 0-8020-8460-5 p41 the National Socialist League (The Gay Nazi Party) is founded in Los Angeles, California.Finding Aid to the National Socialist League Collection, 1928-2011 Coll2013.024 https://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c89p32f0/entire_text/ 2021-01-14 oac.cdlib.org 1975 – Homosexuality is legalized in South Australia; homosexuality is legalized in California due to bill authored by and successfully lobbied for in the state legislature by State Assemblyman from San Francisco Willie Brown; Elaine Noble becomes the second openly gay American elected to public office when she wins a seat in the Massachusetts State House; the first National Homosexual Conference is held in Melbourne, Australia; Panama is the second country in the world to allow transsexuals who have gone through gender reassignment surgery to get their personal documents reflecting their new sex.http://accept-romania.ro/images/stories/world_legal_wrap_up_survey__november2006.pdf World legal wrap up survey Ottosson Daniel November 2006 Accept Romania 10 October 2016 thumb|Gay rights protesters in New York City, protesting at the United States' 1976 Democratic National Convention thumb|Original eight-color version of the LGBT pride flag 1976 – Robert Grant founds the Christian Voice to take his anti-homosexual-rights crusade national in United States; the Homosexual Law Reform Coalition and the Gay Teachers Group are started in Australia; the Australian Capital Territory decriminalizes homosexuality between consenting adults in private and equalizes the age of consent; and Denmark equalizes the age of consent.https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/1284859?lookfor=author: A gay bibliography: a select, partially-annotated bibliography 1976 Melbourne Gay Teachers' Group 978-0-9596260-0-1 Melbourne Gay Teachers and Students Group Melbourne 1977 – Harvey Milk is elected city-county supervisor in San Francisco, becoming the first American being elected to public office while already openly gay. Dade County, Florida enacts a Human Rights Ordinance; it is repealed the same year after a militant anti-homosexual-rights campaign led by Anita Bryant. Quebec becomes the first jurisdiction larger than a city or county in the world to prohibit discrimination based on sexual orientation in the public and private sectors; Croatia,https://www.equaldex.com/region/croatia LGBT Rights in Croatia Equaldex March 4, 2021 Montenegro,https://www.equaldex.com/region/montenegro LGBT Rights in Montenegro Equaldex March 4, 2021 and Sloveniahttps://www.equaldex.com/region/slovenia LGBT Rights in Slovenia Equaldex March 4, 2021 legalise homosexuality. Publication of the first issue of Gaysweek, NYC's first mainstream gay weekly. 1978 – San Francisco Supervisor Harvey Milk and Mayor George Moscone are assassinated by former Supervisor Dan White; a protest commemorating the Stonewall Riots leads to many arrests, with commemorative protests the following year known as the Sydney Gay Mardi Gras, later Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras; The rainbow flag is first used as a symbol of homosexual pride; Sweden establishes a uniform age of consent. Samois the earliest known lesbian-feminist BDSM organization is founded in San Francisco;https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/leather-feminism-lesbian-leatherdyke-bdsm How the Leatherdykes Helped Change Feminism Patel Samir S May 1, 2017 Atlas Obscura March 4, 2021 well-known members of the group include Patrick Califia and Gayle Rubin; the group is among the very earliest advocates of what came to be known as sex-positive feminism; The International Lesbian and Gay Association (ILGA) is established.https://ilga.org/ ILGA Homepage ILGA March 4, 2021 Theatrical release and television broadcast of the feature documentary Word Is Out: Stories of Some of Our Lives, and publication of the book transcribed from it. 1979 – The first national homosexual rights march on Washington, D.C. is held; The White Night riots occur; Harry Hay issues the first call for a Radical Faerie gathering in Arizona,https://www.folleterre.org/en/about-radical-faeries/ About Radical Faeries Folleterre March 4, 2021 and Spainhttps://www.equaldex.com/region/spain LGBT Rights in Spain Equaldex March 4, 2021 decriminalize homosexuality. A number of people in Sweden called in sick with a case of being homosexual, in protest of homosexuality being classified as an illness. This was followed by an activist occupation of the main office of the National Board of Health and Welfare. Within a few months, Sweden became the first country in the world to remove homosexuality as an illness. The Village Station police raid occurs, nicknamed "Dallas's Stonewall". See also LGBTQ Table of years in LGBT rights References Category:LGBTQ rights by year Category:1970s in LGBTQ rights