1885 in science

none 1885 science 1885 The year 1885 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below. Astronomy August 20 – Ernst Hartwig discovers S Andromedae, a supernova in the Andromeda Galaxy, the first supernova discovered beyond the Milky Way. Biology The genus Plasmodium is described by Ettore Marchiafava and Angelo Celli. The bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli) is discovered by Theodor Escherich.Feng, P. Weagant, S. Grant, M. Enumeration of Escherichia coli and the Coliform Bacteria Bacteriological Analytical Manual 8th FDA/Center for Food Safety & Applied Nutrition 2002-09-01 http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~ebam/bam-4.html 2011-06-03 https://web.archive.org/web/20090519200935/http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~ebam/bam-4.html 2009-05-19 dead The bacterium Salmonella enterica is discovered by Theobald Smith, working under Daniel Elmer Salmon.http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/a2z-s.html FDA/CFSAN Food Safety A to Z Reference Guide Salmonella FDA/Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition https://web.archive.org/web/20090302092542/http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/a2z-s.html 2009-03-02 2008-07-03 2009-02-14 Hans Driesch performs a form of artificial cloning on a sea urchin embryo.Bellomo Michael The stem cell divide: the facts, the fiction, and the fear driving the greatest scientific, political and religious debate of our time https://archive.org/details/stemcelldividefa0000bell/page/134 2006 Amacom 978-0-8144-0881-0 134 . . . the popular meaning of the term 'clone' is an identical copy that has been created by some conscious design. Under this definition, the first artificially created clone was made in 1885 . . . [Footnote:] Depending on the definition used, one could argue that the experiments carried out by Hans Driesch and Hans Spemmann were not instances of true cloning, but artificial twinning. Chemistry Carl Auer von Welsbach patents his first incandescent gas mantle. Eugen Goldstein names the cathode ray, later discovered to be composed of electrons, and the canal ray, later discovered to be positive hydrogen ions that have been stripped of their electrons in a cathode-ray tube; these will later be named protons.History of Chemistry Intensive General Chemistry Columbia University Department of Chemistry Undergraduate Program http://www.columbia.edu/itc/chemistry/chem-c2507/navbar/chemhist.html 2007-03-24 Earth sciences Eduard Suess begins publication in Vienna of his Das Antlitz der Erde1885–1908, 3 vols in 4. 2903551. setting out his theory of eustasy, the existence of the former supercontinent Gondwana, and his pioneering concepts in ecology. Medicine January 4 – The first successful appendectomy is performed by Dr. William W. Grant on Mary Gartside. July 6 – Louis Pasteur and Émile Roux successfully test their rabies vaccine. The patient is Joseph Meister, a boy bitten by a rabid dog. Georges Gilles de la Tourette publishes an account of nine patients with what will become known as Tourette syndrome.http://web2.bium.univ-paris5.fr/livanc/?cote=epo0383&do=livre Gilles de la Tourette Etude sur une affection nerveuse charactérisée par de l'incoordination motrice accompagnée d'écholalie et de coprolalie (jumping, latah, myriachit) Archives de Neurologie 1885 9 19–42 2011-04-11 Meteorology January 15 – American photographer Wilson Bentley takes the first known photograph of a snowflake by attaching a view camera to a microscope. Physics Johann Balmer publishes an empirical mathematical formula for the visible spectral lines of the hydrogen atom.Magie William Francis A Source Book in Physics Harvard University Press Cambridge, Massachusetts 1969 360J. J. O'Connor Robertson, E. F. Edmund F. Robertson Johann Jakob Balmer http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Balmer.html MacTutor History of Mathematics archive University of St Andrews 2000 2011-10-28 Psychology Hermann Ebbinghaus publishes Über das Gedächtnis ("On Memory", later translated as Memory: a Contribution to Experimental Psychology). Technology March 24 – George H. Pegram is granted a United States patent for the Pegram truss.Pegram George H. 1881-10-24 1885-03-24 Truss for Roofs and Bridges US 314262 April 3 – Gottlieb Daimler is granted a German patent for his single-cylinder water-cooled engine design. August 29 – Gottlieb Daimler is granted a German patent for the Daimler Reitwagen, regarded as the first motorcycle, which he has produced with Wilhelm Maybach.Classic motorcycles Mark Gardiner MetroBooks 1997 978-1-56799-460-5 16Brown Roland 2005 The Ultimate History of Fast Motorcycles Parragon 978-1-4054-5466-7 Bath 6The Ultimate Motorcycle Book Hugo Wilson Dorling Kindersley 1993 978-1-56458-303-1 8–9 https://archive.org/details/ultimatemotorcyc0000wils/page/8 September 5? – Sylvanus Bowser markets his patented kerosene pump in the United States.Jack Sim Gas Pumps Krause 2008 September 30 – Tolbert Lanston makes his first application for a United States patent on a typesetting system which includes the basic Monotype System keyboard. Autumn – Karl Benz produces the Benz Patent-Motorwagen, regarded as the first automobile (patented and publicly launched the following January).Benz Carl Friedrich 1925 Lebensfahrt eines deutschen erfinders; erinnerungen eines achtzigjahrigen Leipzig Koehler & Amelang John Kemp Starley demonstrates the Rover safety bicycle, regarded as the first practical modern bicycle.http://www.makingthemodernworld.org.uk/icons_of_invention/technology/1880-1939/IC.025/ Making the Modern World Icons of Invention: Rover safety bicycle, 1885 Science Museum (London) 2011-06-27 https://web.archive.org/web/20110522112647/http://www.makingthemodernworld.org.uk/icons_of_invention/technology/1880-1939/IC.025/ 22 May 2011 live The first, not yet practical, form of gyrocompass is patented by Marinus Gerardus van den Bos.34–37 https://books.google.com/books?id=DN-9m2jSo8YC&pg=PA37 How Experiments End 978-0-226-27915-2 Galison Peter University of Chicago Press 1987 2012-02-18 Rufus Eastman patents the first known electric food mixer.330829.https://books.google.com/books?id=XykOAQAAMAAJ&q Katz, Solomon H. Weaver Encyclopedia of Food and Culture. 2, Food production to Nuts New York Scribner 2003 978-0684805665 323–333 William Woys William Woys Weaverhttps://books.google.com/books?id=egQAAAAAMBAJ&dq Beat It Vegetarian Times 69–70 October 2002 Active Interest Media, Inc. Completion of the Home Insurance Building in Chicago, designed by William Le Baron Jenney. With ten floors and a fireproof weight-bearing metal frame, it is regarded as the first skyscraper.Home Insurance Building http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=10370 SkyscraperPage 2011-06-27 https://web.archive.org/web/20110629092831/http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=10370 29 June 2011 live Completion of Sway Tower in Hampshire, England, designed by Andrew Peterson using concrete made with Portland cement. It remains the world's tallest non-reinforced concrete structure.James J. All about Sway Tower Lymington Lymington Museum Trust 1997Trout Edwin Sway Tower: an early example of high-rise concrete construction Concrete 64–5 October 2002 The Nipkow disk is patented by German scientist Paul Gottlieb Nipkow. Institutions October 13 – The Georgia Institute of Technology is established in Atlanta (United States) as the Georgia School of Technology to teach mechanical engineering. Awards Copley Medal: Friedrich August Kekulé von StradonitzCopley Medal British scientific award https://www.britannica.com/science/Copley-Medal Encyclopedia Britannica 23 July 2020 en Wollaston Medal for Geology: George Busk Births January 24 – Marjory Stephenson (died 1948), English biochemist January 26 – Harry Ricardo (died 1974), English mechanical engineer March 23 – John Fraser (died 1947), Scottish surgeon June 2 – Hans Gerhard Creutzfeldt (died 1964), German neuropathologist August 1 – George de Hevesy (died 1966), Hungarian Nobel laureate in chemistry September 8 – Douglas Guthrie (died 1975), Scottish otolaryngologist and medical historian September 16 – Karen Horney (died 1952), German-born psychoanalyst October 7 – Niels Bohr (died 1962), Danish physicist October 23 – Jan Czochralski (died 1953), Polish discoverer of the Czochralski process for growing crystals October 26 – Niels Erik Nørlund (died 1981), Danish mathematician November 7 – Sabina Spielrein (died 1942), Russian psychoanalyst November 9 – Hermann Weyl (died 1955), German mathematician December 2 – George Minot (died 1950), American Nobel laureate in physiology Deaths February 1 – Sidney Gilchrist Thomas (born 1850), British inventor February 8 – Nikolai Severtzov (born 1827), Russian explorer and naturalist March 14 – Friedrich Theodor von Frerichs (born 1819), German medical pathologist June 12 – Fleeming Jenkin (born 1833), English engineer September 6 – Narcís Monturiol (born 1819), Catalan intellectual, artist and engineer, inventor of an early submarine September 15 – Jumbo (born 1861), African elephant, killed in railroad accident November 26 – Thomas Andrews (born 1813), Irish chemist References Category:19th century in science Category:1880s in science Category:1885 in the environment