1352 conclave

Election of Catholic Pope Innocent VI December 1352 16–18 December 1352 Palais des Papes, Avignon Pierre Desprès Stefano Aldebrandi Cambaruti Gaillard de la Mothe Étienne Aubert Innocent VI Innocent VI.JPG 1342 1342 conclave 1362 1362 conclave The papal conclave held from 16 to 18 December 1352 was convened after the death of Pope Clement VI and elected as his successor Cardinal Etienne Aubert. The fifth pope of the period of the Avignon Papacy, he took the name Innocent VI. This conclave is remarkable because during its celebration cardinals for the first time in history subscribed the electoral capitulation, which limited the power of elect.The Catholic Encyclopedia: Pope Innocent VI List of participants Pope Clement VI died on December 6, 1352, at Avignon. During his pontificate he constantly refused to return to Rome and purchased the sovereignty of Avignon (where resided papal court) from Queen Joan I of Naples. At the time of his death, there were 26 living cardinals. 25 of them participated in the conclave:Salvador Miranda List of participants of papal conclave of 1352. This list does not mention Cardinal Gaillard de la Mothe either among participants or absentees but it is beyond doubt that he participated in this conclave and, as Cardinal-Protodeacon, he crowned the new Pope ElectorCardinalatial Title Elevated Elevator NotesNotes according to biographical entries of the respective cardinals on The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church: consistories of 14th Century by Salvador MirandaPierre DesprèsBishop of Palestrina1320, December 20Pope John XXIIDean of the Sacred College of Cardinals; Vice-Chancellor of the Holy Roman Church Hélie de Talleyrand-PérigordBishop of Albano1331, May 25Pope John XXIICardinal-protector of the Order of FranciscansBertrand de DéaulxBishop of Sabina1338, December 18Pope Benedict XIIGuillaume de Court, O.Cist.Bishop of Frascati1338, December 18Pope Benedict XII (nephew)Camerlengo of the Sacred College of CardinalsEtienne Aubert (elected Pope Innocent VI)Bishop of Ostia e Velletri1342, September 20Pope Clement VIGrand PenitentiaryGuillaume d'Aure, O.S.B.Priest of S. Stefano al Monte Celio1338, December 18Pope Benedict XIIArchpriest of the Sacred College of Cardinals; Inquisitor GeneralHugues Roger (cardinal) Hugues Roger fr Hugues Roger it Ugo Roger no Hugues Roger pl Hugues Roger, O.S.B.Priest of S. Clemente1342, September 20Pope Clement VI (brother of Clement VI)Pierre Bertrand de ColombierPriest of S. Susanna1344, February 27Pope Clement VIGil Álvarez Carrillo de AlbornozPriest of S. Clemente1350, December 17Pope Clement VIPasteur de Sarrats, O.F.M.Priest of SS. Marcellino e Pietro1350, December 17Pope Clement VIRaymond de Canillac, C.R.S.A.Priest of S. Croce in Gerusalemme1350, December 17Pope Clement VI (nephew of Clement VI)Guillaume d'Aigrefeuille, O.S.B.Priest of S. Maria in Transpontina1350, December 17Pope Clement VI (nephew of Clement VI)Nicola CapocciPriest of S. Vitale1350, December 17Pope Clement VIArchpriest of the patriarchal Liberian BasilicaPasqual de MontesquieuPriest of SS. XII Apostoli1350, December 17Pope Clement VIArnaud de Villemur, C.R.S.A.Priest of S. Sisto1350, December 17Pope Clement VIPierre de CrosPriest of SS. Silvestro e Martino 1350, December 17Pope Clement VI (Cardinal-nephew)Gilles Rigaud, O.S.B.Priest of S. Prassede1350, December 17Pope Clement VIJean de Moulins, O.P.Priest of S. Sabina1350, December 17Pope Clement VIGaillard de la MotheDeacon of S. Lucia in Silice1316, December 17Pope John XXIIProtodeacon of the Sacred College of Cardinals Bernard de la TourDeacon of S. Eustachio1342, September 20Pope Clement VI (Cardinal-nephew)Guillaume de la JugiéDeacon of S. Maria in Cosmedin1342, September 20Pope Clement VI (Cardinal-nephew)Nicolas de BesseDeacon of S. Maria in Via Lata1344, February 27Pope Clement VI (Cardinal-nephew)Pierre Roger de BeaufortDeacon of S. Maria Nuova1348, May 28Pope Clement VI (Cardinal-nephew)Archpriest of the patriarchal Lateran BasilicaRinaldo OrsiniDeacon of S. Adriano1350, December 17Pope Clement VIJean de CaramanDeacon of S. Giorgio in Velabro1350, December 17Pope Clement VI Nineteen electors were created by Pope Clement VI, and eight of them were his relatives. Of the remaining six three were creatures of John XXII and three of Benedict XII. The post of Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, the most important during sede vacante, was occupied by Stefano Aldebrandi Cambaruti,Niccolò del Re, La Curia romana: lineamenti storico giuridici, Città del Vaticano, 1998, p. 296 archbishop of Toulouse (not a Cardinal). Absentee One cardinal created by Clement VI did not participate in this conclave, because he served as legate in France, where he unsuccessfully tried to establish peace between the Kingdom of France and the Kingdom of England in the Hundred Years' War: ElectorCardinalatial Title Elevated Elevator NotesGuy de BoulogneBishop of Porto e Santa Rufina; commendatario of S. Cecilia and S. Crisogono1342, September 20Pope Clement VIPapal Legate in the Kingdom of France First conclave capitulation in history On December 16 twenty five cardinals entered the conclave in the Palais des Papes in Avignon. Initially, all the electors subscribed the first conclave capitulation in the history, although several of them (including Cardinal Aubert) made this with reservation, insofar as it was not contrary to church law”. The terms of capitulation were following:Kelly, J.N.D. The Oxford Dictionary of Popes, Oxford, 1986, p. 221 College of Cardinals limited to 20; no new cardinals until only 16 remained. Two-thirds of College needed to approve creating, excommunicating, depriving of suffrage, or reducing the property or revenue of cardinals, or to request subsidies from sovereigns or national clergies. College granted veto power of papal decisions and policies. All papal revenue shared with College. Subscription of this capitulation is considered as part of the general strategy of the College of Cardinals to limit papal power and to transform the government of the Church into oligarchy instead of monarchy. Election of Pope Innocent VI thumb|Palais des Papes, Avignon After subscribing the capitulation cardinals started electoral proceedings. Initially, the candidature of Jean Birel, general of the Order of Carthusians, non-cardinal, venerated for his holiness, was proposed. But Cardinal Talleyrand addressed to the Sacred College that it would be unwise, if not dangerous, in such critical circumstances in Europe to elect a new Celestine V, which means, a saintly but wholly incompetent Pontiff.G. Mollat The Popes at Avignon 1305-1378, London 1963, p. 44. The story is now completely discredited; see: Norman P. Zacour, "A Note on the Papal Election of 1352: The Candidacy of Jean Birel," Traditio 13 ( 1957) 456-462. The electors eventually agreed with him and abandoned the candidature of Birel in favor of Cardinal Etienne Aubert, bishop of Ostia, who on December 18 was unanimously elected Pope. He accepted his election and took the name of Innocent VI. On December 30 he was solemnly crowned in the cathedral of Notre Dame des Doms in Avignon by Cardinal Gaillard de la Mothe, protodeacon of S. Lucia in Silice.S. Miranda: Cardinal Etienne Aubert (Pope Innocent VI) On July 6, 1353, Pope Innocent VI declared the capitulation agreed by the conclave invalid as violating the rule restricting business during a conclave to the election of the new pope and as infringing the plenitude of power inherent in the papal office. In spite of this, electoral capitulations were subscribed in the majority of the conclaves held in the next 300 years. See also Conclave capitulation References Salvador Miranda: list of participants of the papal conclave of 1352 Pope Innocent VI G. Mollat The Popes at Avignon 1305-1378, London 1963 Kelly, J.N.D. The Oxford Dictionary of Popes, Oxford, 1986 collapsed Catholicism Christianity Vatican City France y Biblical Studies/Christianity/Roman Catholicism/History y Category:Papal conclave y Category:Roman Catholic Church y Category:Popes y Category:Popes y Category:Christian History y Pope y 1352 Category:14th-century elections Category:1352 in Europe Category:Avignon Papacy Category:14th century in Catholicism Category:14th century in France