1937 in science

none 1937 science 1937 The year 1937 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below. Astronomy June 8 – First total solar eclipse to exceed 7 minutes of totality in over 800 years; visible in the Pacific and Peru. Biology September 27 – Last definite record of a Bali tiger shot.Death of a Bali Tiger Save The Tiger Fund http://www.savethetigerfund.org/Content/NavigationMenu2/Community/TigerSubspecies/Extinctsubspecies/Balitiger/default.htm https://web.archive.org/web/20080511161329/http://www.savethetigerfund.org/Content/NavigationMenu2/Community/TigerSubspecies/Extinctsubspecies/Balitiger/default.htm dead 2008-05-11 2020-03-10 Meredith Crawford first publishes results of the cooperative pulling paradigm, with chimpanzees in the United States.Crawford Meredith P. The Coöperative Solving of Problems by Young Chimpanzees 1937 Johns Hopkins Press Baltimore, MD Jay Laurence Lush publishes the influential textbook Animal Breeding Plans in the United States.http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=1000&page=279 279 Arthur B. Chapman Jay Laurence Lush Biographical Memoirs National Academy of Sciences United States 57 1987 2012-01-04 The citric acid cycle is finally identified by Hans Adolf Krebs. Chemistry Carlo Perrier and Emilio Segrè at the University of Palermo confirm discovery of the chemical element which will become known as Technetium.Heiserman D. L. 1992 Exploring Chemical Elements and their Compounds New York TAB Books 978-0-8306-3018-9 Element 43: Technetium 164 https://archive.org/details/exploringchemica01heis registrationNature's Building Blocks: an A-Z Guide to the Elements Emsley John Oxford University Press 2001 978-0-19-850340-8 424 https://archive.org/details/naturesbuildingb0000emsl registration10.1038/159024a0 20279068 Technetium: the Element of Atomic Number 43 1947 Perrier C. Segrè E. Nature 159 4027 24 1947Natur.159...24P 4136886 The opioid Methadone is synthesized in Germany by scientists working at Hoechst AG.M. Bockmuhl Über eine neue Klasse von analgetisch wirkenden Verbindungen Ann. Chem. 561 52 1948 Otto Bayer and his coworkers at IG Farben in Leverkusen, Germany, first make polyurethanes. Computer science January – Alan Turing's 1936 paper "On Computable Numbers" first appears in print.A. M. Turing On computable numbers, with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society Series 2 42 230–265 1937 10.1112/plms/s2-42.1.230 73712 http://www.abelard.org/turpap2/tp2-ie.asp 2017-12-24 subscription Alonzo Church's review of it in Journal of Symbolic Logic introduces the term Turing machine. Claude Shannon's Master's thesis at MIT demonstrates that electronic application of Boolean algebra could construct and resolve any logical numerical relationship.Poundstone William Fortune's Formula: the Untold Story of the Scientific Betting System That Beat the Casinos and Wall Street New York Hill & Wang 2005 978-0-8090-4637-9 https://archive.org/details/fortunesformulau00poun Konrad Zuse submits patents in Germany based on his Z1 computer design anticipating von Neumann architecture. Exploration British Graham Land Expedition (1934–1937) concludes its work, having determined that Graham Land is an integral part of the Antarctic Peninsula and not an independent archipelago.British Graham Land Expedition, 1934-37 http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/resources/expeditions/bgl/#s6 Scott Polar Research Institute Cambridge 2011-03-31 2013-08-13 Mathematics Bruno de Finetti publishes "La Prévision: ses lois logiques, ses sources subjectives" in Annales de l'Institut Henri Poincaré, his most influential treatment of his theorem on exchangeable sequences of random variables.Tony Crilly 50 Mathematical Ideas you really need to know London Quercus 2007 978-1-84724-008-8 128 Hans Freudenthal proves the Freudenthal suspension theorem in homotopy.10.2307/1969855 George W. Whitehead George W. Whitehead On the Freudenthal Theorems Annals of Mathematics 57 2 1953 209–228 1969855 0055683 Goldberg polyhedron first described.A class of multi-symmetric polyhedra Michael Goldberg Tohoku Mathematical Journal 1937 43 104–108 https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/tmj1911/43/0/43_0_104/_article Medicine November 2 – English chemist Montague Phillips at May & Baker synthesises sulphapyridine (M&B 693), an early antibiotic which immediately enters animal trials with Middlesex Hospital pathologist Lionel Whitby.Lesch John The First Miracle Drugs Oxford University Press 2007 978-0-19-518775-5 Illustrated Chapter 7 First typhus vaccine by Rudolf Weigl, Ludwik Fleck and Hans Zinsser; influenza vaccine by Anatolii Smorodintsev.Plotkin, S. L.; S. A. A short history of vaccination Vaccines Plotkin, Stanley A.; Orenstein, Walter A.; Offit, Paul A. Elsevier Health Sciences 2008 8 Both respirator designed in Australia. Italian psychiatrist Amarro Fiamberti is the first to document a transorbital approach to the brain, which becomes the basis for the controversial medical procedure of transorbital lobotomy. Publication in the United Kingdom of Dr A. J. Cronin's novel The Citadel, promoting the cause of socialised medicine.http://www.60yearsofnhsscotland.co.uk/history/birth-of-nhs-scotland/an-expectant-public.html An expectant public 60 years of NHS Scotland 2008 2011-04-21 https://web.archive.org/web/20080928015840/http://www.60yearsofnhsscotland.co.uk/history/birth-of-nhs-scotland/an-expectant-public.html 2008-09-28 dead Physics January – Albert Einstein and Nathan Rosen publish a paper denying that gravitational waves can exist.Einstein Albert Rosen Nathan January 1937 On gravitational waves Journal of the Franklin Institute United States 223 1 43–54 10.1016/s0016-0032(37)90583-0 0016-0032 Eugene Wigner introduces the term isospin.E. Wigner 1937 On the Consequences of the Symmetry of the Nuclear Hamiltonian on the Spectroscopy of Nuclei Physical Review 51 106–119 10.1103/PhysRev.51.106 1937PhRv...51..106W 2 Technology February – Hans von Ohain begins ground-testing a turbojet engine. April 12 – Frank Whittle ground-tests the first jet engine designed to power an aircraft, at Rugby, England. May 28 – Rocker Shovel Loader patent applied for in the United States. June 5 – Alan Blumlein is granted a patent for an ultra-linear amplifier.GB 496883 Improvements in or relating to thermionic valve amplifying circuits December 13 – Tomlinson Moseley files the first patent for an electric toothbrush.Electric toothbrush https://patents.google.com/patent/US2196667A/en Google Patents 2024-08-26 1937-12-13 Alec Reeves invents pulse-code modulation. Awards Nobel Prizes Physics – Clinton Joseph Davisson, George Paget Thomson Chemistry – Walter Haworth, Paul Karrer Medicine – Albert von Szent-Györgyi Nagyrapolt Copley Medal – Henry Dale Wollaston Medal for geology – Waldemar Lindgren Births January 14 – Leo Kadanoff (died 2015), American physicist. January 26 – Igor Aleksander, Croatian computer scientist. February 18 – Chen Chuangtian (died 2018), Chinese materials scientist. March 16 – Amos Tversky (died 1996), Jewish American cognitive and mathematical psychologist, recipient of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. April 17 – Don Buchla (died 2016), American electronic engineer, pioneer of sound synthesizers. May 9 – Alison Jolly (died 2014), American primatologist. May 13 – Trevor Baylis (died 2018), English inventor. June 4 – Richard Robson, English-born Australian chemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. June 8 – Bruce McCandless II (died 2017), American astronaut. June 9 – Harald Rosenthal, German biologist June 11 – David Mumford, American mathematician. June 21 – Averil Mansfield, English vascular surgeon. June 23 – Nicholas Shackleton (died 2006), English Quaternary geologist and paleoclimatologist, recipient of the Vetlesen Prize. June 26 – Robert Coleman Richardson (died 2013), American experimental physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics. July 1 – Lydia Makhubu, Swazi chemist. July 18 – Roald Hoffmann, né Safran, Polish-American theoretical chemist, poet and playwright, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. July 19 – Bibb Latané, American social psychologist. July 26 – Ernest Vinberg (died 2020), Russian mathematician. August 2 – Coenraad Bron (died 2006), Dutch computer scientist. September 8 – Edna Adan Ismail, Somali pioneer of pediatrics. December 26 – John Horton Conway (died 2020), English-b4orn m4athematician. Deaths January 28 – Arthur Pollen (born 1866), English inventor. January 29 – Aleen Cust (born 1868), Irish veterinary surgeon. February 5 – Lou Andreas-Salomé (born 1861), German psychoanalyst. May 28 – Alfred Adler (born 1870), Austrian psychotherapist. June 11 – R. J. Mitchell (born 1895), English aeronautical engineer. July 20 – Guglielmo Marconi (born 1874), Italian inventor. July 30 – Victor Despeignes (born 1866), French pioneer of radiation oncology. October 16 – William Sealy Gosset (born 1876), English statistician. October 19 – Ernest Rutherford (born 1871), New Zealand-born British physicist and laureate of the Nobel Prize in Physics. November 23 – Jagadish Chandra Bose (born 1858), Bengali physicist. References Category:20th century in science Category:1930s in science