1840s Atlantic hurricane seasons

none October Gale the 2014 film October Gale (film) This article encompasses the 1840–1849 Atlantic hurricane seasons. While data is not available for every storm that occurred, some parts of the coastline were populated enough to give data of hurricane occurrences. Each season was an ongoing event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation in the Atlantic basin. Most tropical cyclone formation occurs between June 1 and November 30. Atlantic hurricane seasons 1820s 1830s 1840s 1850 1851 1840 Atlantic hurricane season Tropical Storm One June 19–23.Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #331 In the middle of June, a tropical storm passed west of Lake Charles, Louisiana, accompanied by several days of heavy rain. Strong winds on June 21 damaged corn crops.Roth, David M. http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/research/lahur.pdf Louisiana Hurricane History January 4, 2017 16 January 2010 Weather Prediction Center Tropical Storm Two September 17–18 Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #332 A tropical storm struck Galveston, Texas. Tropical Storm Three On an unspecified date in 1840, a hurricane reportedly caused severe flooding that destroyed entire villages at the mouth of the Rio Grande.Roth, David M. http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/research/txhur.pdf Texas Hurricane History January 4, 2017 15 January 2010 National Weather Service Unclear whether these events are related to prior storm that struck Galveston.Chenoweth, p. 64 1841 Atlantic hurricane season Tropical Storm One August 23–24.Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #333 A tropical storm was reported off the southern U.S. Atlantic coast. Hurricane Two The Late Gale at St. Joseph. September 7–16.Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #334 A strong tropical storm hit Barbados in early September, then traveled to the Florida Panhandle on September 14 and 15, and continued on to South Carolina.St. Joseph Times in Pensacola Gazette October 9, 1841Ludlum 1963 147 Hurricane Three September 25–27.Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #335 A hurricane was reported off the Cape Hatteras coast that later traveled to Nova Scotia. Hurricane Four The October Gale of 1841. September 25-October 4.Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #336 The hurricane was first reported near Barbados and later became an intense hurricane that remained offshore of the Carolinas in early October. It moved northeastward, entraining cold air into its circulation. It became an extratropical storm, and hit New England on October 3. It led to a storm of snow and sleet in Connecticut, bringing drifts of up to 18 ft m of snow in some areas. The storm wrecked the Georges Bank fishing fleet which drowned 81 fishermen and knocked down trees, tore roofs off houses and forced boats to go up on shore. The storm also destroyed a saltworks factory along Cape Cod, sending the economy to a slump. In 1842, a monument was erected to remember the sailors and fishermen lost at sea to the "October Gale" of 1841.Ludlum 1963 91-93 Hurricane Five The Key West Hurricane of 1841. October 18–21.Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #337 In October, a hurricane hit Cuba, crossing near Havana. After crossing the island, it passed by the Florida Keys on October 18 and 19. The hurricane eroded part of Key West, destroyed the keeper's house at Sand Key Light, and damaged the seawall and later headed towards Bermuda. Wrecked many ships in Lower Keys.Love Dean Reef Lights: Seaswept Lighthouses of the Florida Keys 1982 The Historic Key West Preservation Board Key West, Florida 978-0-943528-03-8 45–59FLLudlum 1963 147 http://www.keyshistory.org/hurricanelist.html Hurricane List 1842 Atlantic hurricane season 1842 Atlantic hurricane season The 1842 Atlantic hurricane season featured several maritime catastrophes in the Gulf of Mexico and along the U.S. East Coast, and produced one of the only known tropical cyclones to directly affect the Iberian Peninsula. As the season falls outside the scope of the Atlantic hurricane database, records of most storms in 1842 are scarce, and only approximate tracks are known. Hurricane One The First North Carolina Hurricane of 1842. July 10–14.Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #338 A major hurricane hit near Portsmouth, North Carolina, near Ocracoke on July 12. Two ships were capsized, killing their entire crews. It continued across Virginia, dissipating over Maryland. A second hurricane hit the same area in North Carolina just six weeks later.Ludlum 1963 128–129 Tropical Storm Two July 31-August 2.Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #339 A tropical storm affected Northeastern Florida near Cedar Keys on August 2 and continued on to Jacksonville. Hurricane Three The Second North Carolina Hurricane of 1842. August 24. A second North Carolina hurricane hit Ocracoke, North Carolina, on August 24, drowning livestock and washing away homes. In addition, it sank three ships, causing at least 8 deaths. Hurricane Four Antje's / Florida Keys Hurricane. August 24-September 8.Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #340 A westward moving hurricane originating near the Leeward Islands, nicknamed Antje's hurricane after a schooner of the same name that was dismasted by the storm. The cyclone moved across the Florida Keys on September 4. Damaged Sand Key lighthouse. It continued westward across the Gulf of Mexico, landing between Matamoros and Tampico, Mexico. Its unusual westward movement, also seen by a hurricane in 1932 and Hurricane Anita in 1977, was due to a strong high pressure system to its north. Hurricane Five The Galveston Hurricane of 1842. September 9–30.Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #341 A strong tropical storm started near Tobago and traveled into the Gulf of Mexico and hit Galveston on September 17. It caused $10,000 in damage, and killed 40 cattle. Tropical Storm Six September 22-23. The Florida Panhandle experienced the effects of a tropical storm, marked by gale-force winds at Pensacola on September 22 and 23. No appreciable damage was reported. Ludlum considered that this may have been a continuation of the Galveston storm, but judged it to be a separate system. Hurricane Seven The Gulf to Bermuda Hurricane of 1842. September 30-October 9.Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #342 A hurricane passed by Galveston on October 5, causing flooding and the sinking of one ship. It continued eastward, becoming a major hurricane before hitting near St. Marks, Florida. It caused $500,000 in damage before moving out to sea near Bermuda on the 10th.Ludlum 1963 148-149 A 20-foot storm surge was reported at Cedar Key, Florida.Barnes 2007 57–58 Hurricane Eight October 24-October 27.Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #343 A cyclone, first detected southwest of Madeira on October 24, passed the island on October 26, moving northeast towards the Iberian Peninsula. It struck southern Spain on October 29, and moved inland as far as Madrid. It peaked at 965 mbar inHg on on as a Category 2 hurricane near Madeira on October 26. The storm can be considered a historical precedent for Hurricane Vince of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season.Vaquero J. M. García-Herrera, R. Wheeler, D. Chenoweth, M. Mock, C. J. 2008 A Historical Analog of 2005 Hurricane Vince Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 89 2 191–201 10.1175/BAMS-89-2-191 2008BAMS...89..191V free Tropical Storm Nine October 24-November 1.Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #344 This cyclone was first detected east of Miami on October 26. It paralleled the coastlines of Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina before dissipating on the 30th south of North Carolina. 1843 Atlantic hurricane season Tropical Storm One July 11–14.Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #345 A Tropical storm hit near Jamaica then traveled near the Florida Keys. Hurricane Two August 15–20. September 30-October 9.Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #346 Hurricane originated north of the Leeward Islands and traveled northward out to sea near Nova Scotia. Hurricane Three The Port Leon Florida Hurricane of 1843. September 13–15. September 30-October 9.Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #347 A major hurricane moved northward through the Gulf of Mexico. It hit Port Leon, Florida, on September 13, destroying the town from the flooding and storm surge. Fourteen people were killed. The town residents moved the town three miles (5 km) northward to New Port, now called Newport, Florida. The storm continued on up to Maryland.Ludlum 1963 150 1844 Atlantic hurricane season Tropical Storm One June 11-June 15. A tropical storm hit near Lake Charles, Louisiana, on June 11. It moved slowly northward to the west of the town, dissipating on the 15th. Hurricane Two The Matamoros Hurricane of 1844 August 4–5.Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #348 A major hurricane moving through the Gulf of Mexico hit the Rio Grande valley on August 4. It slowly moved through the area, causing 70 deaths. It did not leave a house standing at the mouth of the river or the Brazos Santiago on the north end of the barrier island. The Mexican customs house was removed after this storm to the mainland. Hurricane Three September 8–16.Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #349 On September 8, a hurricane moved into Florida south of St. Augustine. It moved across the state, emerging into the Gulf of Mexico before turning northeastward and hitting Florida again on the 9th.Ludlum 1963 150-151 This hurricane destroyed most of what was left of the deserted town of St. Joseph, Gulf County, Florida.http://www.starfl.com/news/20160908/deaths-angel-great-tide-of-1844 Death's Angel: The 'Great Tide' of 1844 Jones Herman September 8, 2016 The (Port St. Joe) Star October 12, 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20201020223853/http://www.starfl.com/news/20160908/deaths-angel-great-tide-of-1844 October 20, 2020 Tropical Storm Four September 25-October 2.Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #350 Storm originated near the southern Leeward Islands and headed past Jamaica to Key West. Hurricane Five The Cuban Hurricane of 1844 September 30-October 7.Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #351 A hurricane originating near Barbados hit Cuba on October 4, causing 101 deaths. It moved northeastward, bringing rain and strong winds to the United States coastline but remaining offshore. The schooner revenue cutter Vigilant, USRC Vigilant, was lost off Key West during this hurricane on the 4th and 5th. Many of the structures built by the Navy on Indian Key and all wharves were washed away.Maritime Business Strategies, LLC. William H. Webb. https://web.archive.org/web/20070930184944/http://www.coltoncompany.com/shipbldg/ussbldrs/prewwii/shipyards/atlantic/webb.htm 2007-09-30 Retrieved on 2007-02-18. 1845 Atlantic hurricane season Hurricane One October 27–29.Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #352 Hurricane reported near Bermuda out in the Atlantic Ocean. 1846 Atlantic hurricane season Hurricane One thumb|The U.S. Surveying Brig Washington near Cape Hatteras in the Hurricane of 8 September 1846 The Hatteras Inlets Hurricane of 1846. September 5–11.Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #353 A slow-moving hurricane remained offshore of Cape Hatteras on September 6. It pushed water into the Pamlico Sound. When the hurricane moved far enough north, the northerly winds pushed the water back out, creating two major inlets on the Outer Banks, the Hatteras Inlet and the Oregon Inlet. The latter bearing the name of the first large ship that passed through it.Ludlum 1963 131-132 Hurricane Two September 10–24.Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #354 Hurricane originated near the Leeward Islands. On September 19, a gale, possibly a tropical cyclone, destroyed 11 schooners from Marblehead, Massachusetts, and took 65 lives. After this event, Gloucester, Massachusetts, took over as the center of New England fishing.John Rousmaniere. After the Storm: True Stories of Disaster and Recovery at Sea. McGraw-Hill Publishing, 2002. Tropical Storm Three September 14.Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #355 A tropical storm hit South Carolina. Hurricane Four The Great Havana Hurricane of 1846. October 5–15.Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #356 Great Havana Hurricane of 1846In October, a major hurricane, likely of Category 5 intensity, moved through the Caribbean Sea. This Great Havana Hurricane struck western Cuba on October 10. Atmospheric pressure readings in Cuba reached as low as 916 mbar. Although no reliable wind measurements were available at the time, a separate study also estimated that it produced Category 5-strength winds. In Cuba, the storm caused hundreds of deaths, capsized dozens of ships, obliterated buildings, uprooted trees, and ruined crops. Many towns were wholly destroyed or flattened and never recovered, while others disappeared entirely. It hit the Florida Keys on October 11, destroying the old Key West Lighthouse, the Sand Key Light, and Fort Zachary Taylor. In Key West, widespread destruction was noted, with 40 deaths, many vessels rendered unfit, and widespread structural damage, with all but eight of the 600 houses in Key West damaged or destroyed. Water rose to about 8 feet in lower streets. Few supplies arrived in the following days and relief efforts were gradual, with few resources within the town's vicinity. The hurricane was so destructive that years afterward, greenery on the key was sparse, and little native vegetation existed. Signs of ecological damage remained even in the early 1880s. The hurricane then headed northward, and on October 13 and hit Southwest Florida as a major hurricane. As it approached, it sucked the water out of the bay, causing the Manatee River to be so low that people walked horses across it. The hurricane moved across Florida, and remained inland over Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina. It moved up the Chesapeake Bay, causing extensive damage through Virginia, Maryland, Washington, D.C., and Pennsylvania. Some disputed reports say that at least 600 were killed;The Greatest and Deadliest Hurricanes of the Caribbean and the Americas The Stories Behind the Great Storms of the North Atlantic 2016 967200750 Neely Wayne Bloomington, IN, US Iuniverse 978-1-5320-1152-8 224September 2017 however, the official death report from Cuba says 163 deaths and damage throughout the areas it affected.Ludlum 1963 94-95, 151-153 1847 Atlantic hurricane season Hurricane One October 10–13.Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #357 A hurricane hit Tobago on October 11, resulting in 27 casualties. Tropical Storm Two A severe tropical cyclone visited Galveston, Texas.Frankenfield H. C. Some Historical Data Monthly Weather Review August 1915 405 10.1175/1520-0493(1915)43<405:TTSOA>2.0.CO;2 1915MWRv...43..405F https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/lib/lib1/nhclib/mwreviews/1915.pdf This may represent a continuation of the previous storm. 1848 Atlantic hurricane season thumb|right|250px|Track of Hurricane II of 1848 Tropical Storm One On August 18, a tropical storm hit south central Louisiana, causing damage to cotton crops. Hurricane Two August 18-September 2.Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #358 A hurricane tracked northeast of the Caribbean Sea through the Bahamas and recurved through the North Atlantic shipping lanes towards Europe between August 19 and September 2.Michael Chenoweth. A Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Activity: 1700-1855. Retrieved on 2007-02-18. This storm was one of the earliest tropical cyclones to have a track created.NOAA Photo Library. Hurricane of August and September 1848. Retrieved on 2011-01-29. Hurricane Three The Tampa Bay Hurricane of 18481848 Tampa Bay hurricane September 23–28.Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #359Greatest and Deadliest Hurricanes of the Caribbean and the Americas, Neely 2017, pg 224 It first made landfall in Tampa Bay, near Fort Brooke and Tampa nearly destroying the city. It reshaped parts of the coast and destroyed much of what few human works and habitation were then in the Tampa Bay Area. Although available records of its wind speed are unavailable, its barometric pressure and storm surge were consistent with at least a Category 4 hurricane. It was the most severe hurricane to affect Tampa Bay in the U.S. state of Florida and is one of only two major hurricanes to make landfall in the area, the other having occurred in 1921. Tides rose 15 ft m and the barometric pressure dipped to 28.18 inHg mbar in. It crossed to the east coast where it damaged houses, caused flooding and interfered with shipping.Brian H. Bossak. Chapter 2: Documents of Early American Hurricanes. https://web.archive.org/web/20060518002638/http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-08312003-201707/unrestricted/04.bhb.chapter2.pdf 2006-05-18 Retrieved on 2007-02-03.Ludlum 1963 154-155 It then hit near present-day Sarasota, Florida, on September 25, creating a new waterway now called New Pass, named by William Whitaker as the first person to see this new waterway. Hurricane Four September 17–24.Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #360 Hurricane passed north of Leeward Islands to out in the Atlantic Ocean. Tropical Storm Five September 28–29.Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #361 Tropical storm formed near west of Cape Verde. Hurricane Six The Second Tampa Bay Hurricane of 1848. October 5–15.Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #362 An eastward moving major hurricane passing Cuba hit Tampa Bay again for the second time in less than a month on October 11 before heading northward into the Florida Panhandle. Hurricane Seven On October 17, a minimal hurricane hit the southeast coast of Texas, causing flooding and high tides. 1849 Atlantic hurricane season Tropical Storm One August. A tropical cyclone may have moved into the Arklatex, as there was excessive flooding in northern sections of Louisiana that August.National Weather Service Forecast Office Shreveport, Louisiana. Historic Floods. Retrieved on 2007-02-03. Hurricane Two Gale at Brazos Santiago of 1849. September 4–15.Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #363 One of the severest hurricanes and longest duration up to that time moved into the Rio Grande area on September 13 and 14. There were sixteen vessels in harbor at Brezos when the hurricane hit. Many broke anchor and were dragged out to sea, others capsized and sunk.Ludlum 1963 155 Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #363 Hurricane Three September 10-22. A hurricane was first detected east of the Bahamas. Traveling west, it then struck Nassau in the Bahamas. It then curved and went to Bermuda.Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #364 Hurricane Four The New England Hurricane of 1849. October 5-7. A hurricane was first detected off the coast of North Carolina in early October. It moved northeastward, passing close but remaining offshore of Long Island. On October 6, it made landfall in Massachusetts, causing 143 deaths.Ludlum 1963 95-96 See also Tropical cyclones Atlantic hurricane season Lists of Atlantic hurricanes References Specific 30em General Barnes, Jay North Carolina's Hurricane History 2001 UNC Press Books 978-1-4696-0833-4 Barnes Jay Florida's Hurricane History 2007 The University of North Carolina Press Chapel Hill, NOrth Carolina 978-0-8078-3068-0 registration https://archive.org/details/floridashurrican00barn Chenoweth, Michael May 2006 A Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity, 1700–1855 Climate Change 76 1 169–240 http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/Chenoweth/chenoweth06.pdf September 13, 2014 10.1007/s10584-005-9005-2 2006ClCh...76..169C 154932650 David M. Ludlum Ludlum David M. Early American hurricanes, 1492–1870 1963 American Meteorological Society 978-0-933876-16-3 511649 Boston, MA, US Fraser Walter J. Jr. Lowcountry Hurricanes 2009 University of Georgia Press 978-0-8203-2866-9 Redfield, William C. On Three Several Hurricanes of the Atlantic, and Their Relations to the Northers of Mexico and Central America: With Notices of Other Storms 1846 B.L. Hamlen January 2, 2017 https://archive.org/details/onthreeseveralh00redfgoog Schwartz, Rick Hurricanes and the Middle Atlantic States 2007 Blue Diamond Books 978-0-9786280-0-0 Vaquero J.M. García-Herrera R. Wheeler D. Chenoweth M. Mock C.J. A Historical Analog of 2005 Hurricane Vince February 2008 89 2 Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 191–201 10.1175/BAMS-89-2-191 2008BAMS...89..191V free External links Rappaport Edward N. Fernandez-Partagas Jose The Deadliest Atlantic Tropical Cyclones, 1492-1996 National Hurricane Center 1995-05-28 http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pastdeadly.shtml 2017-09-09 http://www.rootsweb.com/~nchyde/HURICANE.HTM NC Hurricane History Merlin S. Berry https://web.archive.org/web/20080224232452/http://www.rootsweb.com/~nchyde/HURICANE.HTM 2008-02-24 rootsweb.com http://www.intellicast.com/Almanac/Southeast/October/content.shtml https://web.archive.org/web/20050320102747/http://www.intellicast.com/Almanac/Southeast/October/content.shtml 2005-03-20 OCTOBER IN THE SOUTHEAST intellicast.com 2005-09-24 http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/research/txhur.pdf Texas Hurricane History David Roth National Weather Service Camp Springs, MD 2010-01-17 http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/research/lahur.pdf Louisiana Hurricane History David Roth National Weather Service Camp Springs, MD 2010-04-08 HHIT selection page Florida State University http://myweb.fsu.edu/jelsner/temp/HHITProject/hhitselect.htm 2017-09-09 1840s