2012 transit of Venus

Transit of Venus across the Sun visible from Earth on 5–6 June 2012 September 2019 thumb|Image of the transit taken by NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory spacecraft. Venus is in the upper right quadrant The 2012 transit of Venus, when the planet Venus appeared as a small, dark spot passing across the face of the Sun, began at 22:09 UTC on 5 June 2012, and finished at 04:49 UTC on 6 June.http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/OH/transit12.html 2012 Transit of Venus Espenak Fred NASA 6 June 2012 Depending on the position of the observer, the exact times varied by up to ±7 minutes. Transits of Venus are among the rarest of predictable celestial phenomena and occur in pairs. Consecutive transits per pair are spaced 8 years apart, and consecutive pairs occur more than a century apart:Venus-sun event rarer than Halley's Comet Jay Withrow http://www.omaha.com/article/20120602/NEWS01/706029927 Omaha World-Herald 2 June 2012 6 June 2012 dead https://archive.today/20120907010023/http://www.omaha.com/article/20120602/NEWS01/706029927 7 September 2012 The previous transit of Venus took place on 8 June 2004 (preceded by transits on 9 December 1874 and 6 December 1882); the next pair of transits will occur on 10–11 December 2117 and December 2125 within the 22nd century.Irene Klotz Venus transit offers opportunity to study planet's atmosphere (+video) https://www.csmonitor.com/Science/2012/0606/Venus-transit-offers-opportunity-to-study-planet-s-atmosphere-video Christian Science Monitor 6 June 2012 6 June 2012 Observations of the event thumb|left|Path across the Sun, with contact times and other data thumb|300px|Visibility map The entire transit was visible from the western Pacific Ocean, northwesternmost North America, northeastern Asia, Japan, the Philippines, eastern Australia, New Zealand, and high Arctic locations including northernmost Scandinavia, and Greenland.The Transit of Venus Astronomy Now Pole Star Publications Peter Grego Andrea Wulf Keith Cooper 58–61 June 2012 0951-9726 In North America, the Caribbean, and northwestern South America, the beginning of the transit was visible on 5 June until sunset. From sunrise on 6 June, the end of the transit was visible from South Asia, the Middle East, east Africa, and most of Europe. The phenomenon was not visible from most of South America, nor from western Africa. There were a number of live online video streams with footage from telescopes around the world. Midway through the transit one of the NASA streams had nearly 2 million total views and was getting roughly 90,000 viewers at any given moment. In Los Angeles, crowds jammed Mount Hollywood where the Griffith Observatory set up telescopes for the public to view the transit. In Hawaii, hundreds of tourists watched the event on Waikiki Beach where the University of Hawaiʻi set up eight telescopes and two large screens showing webcasts of the transit.Last transit of Venus this century draws stargazers around the world https://www.theguardian.com/science/2012/jun/06/transit-of-venus-century-stargazers The Guardian 6 June 2012 6 June 2012 The transit was also observed and historically photographed by NASA astronaut Don Pettit aboard the International Space Station.Stargazers watch rare Venus transit http://www.aljazeera.com/news/americas/2012/06/20126505956548854.html Al Jazeera 6 June 2012 6 June 2012 NASA's Solar and Heliospheric Observatory could not see the transit as it was not in between the Earth and the Sun at the time of the event, but high-definition images of the event were obtained by Solar Dynamics Observatory, from 36000 km mi on above the Earth. Agency astrophysicist Dr. Lika Guhathakurta said, "We get to see Venus in exquisite detail because of SDO's spatial resolution, SDO is a very special observatory. It takes images that are about 10 times better than a high-definition TV and those images are acquired at a temporal cadence of one every 10 seconds. This is something we've never had before".Venus makes rare trek across Sun Jonathan Amos https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-17745366 BBC News 6 June 2012 6 June 2012 Research thumb|Children in Dili observing the transit of Venus The 2012 transit gave scientists a number of research opportunities. These included:Venus Transit On June 5 May Bring New Alien Planet Discoveries Mike Wall http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/05/16/venus-transit-june-5-new-alien-planet_n_1522342.html The Huffington Post 16 May 2012 6 June 2012Counting down to the Transit of Venus – our nearest exoplanet test-lab http://phys.org/news/2012-03-transit-venus-nearest-exoplanet.html Phys.Org 5 March 2012 6 June 2012https://venustex.oca.eu/foswiki/ The Venus Twilight Experiment: Refraction and scattering phenomena during the transit of Venus on June 5–6, 2012 venustex.oca.eu 6 June 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20161023145933/https://venustex.oca.eu/foswiki 23 October 2016 dead Measurement of dips in a star's brightness caused by a known planet transiting a known star (the Sun). This will help astronomers when searching for exoplanets. Unlike the 2004 Venus transit, the 2012 transit occurred during an active phase of the 11-year activity cycle of the Sun, and would have provided practice in detecting a planet's signal around a "spotty" variable star. Measurement of the apparent diameter of Venus during the transit, and comparison with its known diameter. This will have given information on how to estimate exoplanet sizes. The number of locations documenting the event will provide much data via parallax that will generate more accurate measurements. Observation of the atmosphere of Venus simultaneously from Earth-based telescopes and from the Venus Express spacecraft. This gave a better opportunity to understand the intermediate level of Venus's atmosphere than is possible from either viewpoint alone, and should provide new information about the climate of the planet. Spectrographic study of the atmosphere of Venus. The results of analysis of the well-understood atmosphere of Venus will be compared with studies of exoplanets with atmospheres that are unknown. The Hubble Space Telescope used the Moon as a mirror to study the light reflected from Venus to determine the makeup of its atmosphere. This may provide another technique to study exoplanets. Experimental reconstruction of Lomonosov's discovery of Venusian atmosphere (1761) with antique refractors.Experimental Reconstruction of Lomonosov's Discovery of Venus's Atmosphere with Antique Refractors During the 2012 Transit of Venus Solar System Research Springer Alexandre Koukarine Igor Nesterenko Yuri Petrunin Vladimir Shiltsev 47 6 487–490 November 2013 10.1134/S0038094613060038 1208.5286 2013SoSyR..47..487K The researchers observed the "Lomonosov's arc" and other aureole effects due to Venus's atmosphere and concluded that Lomonosov's telescope was fully adequate to the task of detecting the arc of light around Venus off the Sun's disc during ingress or egress if proper experimental techniques as described by Lomonosov in his 1761 paper are employed. Gallery North America Europe Asia Australasia Others References Further reading Anderson, Mark Mark Anderson (writer) The Day the World Discovered the Sun: An Extraordinary Story of Scientific Adventure and the Race to Track the Transit of Venus 2012 Da Capo Press Boston 978-0-306-82038-0 Lomb Nick Transit of Venus: 1631 to the Present 2011 NewSouth Publishing Sydney, Australia 978-1-74223-269-0 717231977 Sellers, David The Transit of Venus: the Quest to Find the True distance of the Sun 2001 Magavelda Press Leeds 0-9541013-0-8 Sheehan, William Westfall, John The Transits of Venus 2004 Prometheus Books Amherst, New York 1-59102-175-8 https://archive.org/details/transitsofvenus0000shee Wulf, Andrea Andrea Wulf Chasing Venus: The Race to Measure the Heavens 2012 Knopf New York 978-0-307-70017-9 https://archive.org/details/chasingvenusrace00wulf External links Venus Transit of 2012 by the National Solar Observatory "Transits of Venus Explained" by Sky & Telescope "Missed the Venus Transit in 2012? Watch It Online Until 2117" by PC World 5 June 2012 Watching for Venus to Cross the Sun Category:2012 in science 2012 Category:Articles containing video clips Category:June 2012 mr:शुक्राचे अधिक्रमण#इ.स. २०१२चे अधिक्रमण