1937 Australian referendum (aviation)

October 2021 October 2021 1937 Australian Aviation referendum Do you approve of the proposed law for the alteration of the Constitution entitled —"Constitution Alteration (Aviation) 1936" ? 1937 03 06 y Australia A simple majority of voters nationwide. A majority in 4 out of the 6 states. Proposal rejected due to gaining a majority in only 2 of the 6 states. 1937_Australian_Aviation_referendum_-_State_majorities.svg 220 Majority in each state.#4daf4a Yes:QueenslandVictoria#e41a1c No:New South WalesSouth AustraliaTasmaniaWestern Australia The Constitution Alteration (Aviation) Bill 1936,https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2004B03467 Constitution Alteration (Aviation) Bill legislation.gov.au 2021-10-16 was an unsuccessful proposal to alter the Australian Constitution to extend the Commonwealth legislative power in respect to air navigation and aircraft. It was put to voters for approval in a referendum held on 6 March 1937. Question Do you approve of the proposed law for the alteration of the Constitution entitled 'Constitution Alteration (Aviation) 1936'? Proposed Changes to the Constitution The proposal was to alter section 51 of the Constitution by adding (vi.A.) Air navigation and aircraft. Background Aviation was a subject that did not exist when the Constitution was drafted at the end of the 19th century. In 1919, Australia had entered into the Convention Relating to the Regulation of Aerial Navigation,http://www.worldlii.org/int/other/LNTSer/1922/99.html Convention relating to the regulation of Aerial Navigation 1919-10-13 League of Nations Treaty Series 2021-10-16 WorldLII and parliament enacted the Aircraft Navigation Act 1920, which authorised the Governor-General to make regulations to give effect to the Convention.Cth num_act ana1920501920175 Aircraft Navigation Act 1920. Daredevil pilot Goya Henry was convicted of flying without a licence, having flown around, over and under the Sydney Harbour Bridge. The Commonwealth relied upon three sources of constitutional power, interstate trade and commerce, foreign affairs and territories. The High Court held in R v Burgess; Ex parte Henry that the parliament has no general control over the subject matter of civil aviation and that implementation of the convention did not require the Commonwealth to control civil aviation. The court rejected an argument that the interstate trade and commerce power extended to activities that were commingled with interstate activities. The regulations were invalid as they went further than was necessary to carry out and give effect to the convention.HCA 52 1936 R v Burgess; Ex parte Henry (1936) 55 CLR Commonwealth Law Reports 608 10 November 1936 High Court.Richardson J E Aviation Law in Australia http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/FedLRev/1965/14.html (1965) 1(2) Federal Law Review 242 Retrieved 16 October 2021.Gerangelos P Murray S Stellios J Aroney N amp 2015 The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia: History, Principle and Interpretation. United Kingdom Cambridge University Press 9780521759182 https://books.google.com/books?id=2EdLCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA185 185-186 2021-10-17Sawer Geoffrey Execution of Treaties by Legislation in the Commonwealth of Australia University of Queensland Law Journal 1955 https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/UQLJ/1955/1.html (1955) 2(4) University of Queensland Law Journal 297 Retrieved 16 October 2021. The regulations were amended so they implemented the convention for aviation within a state. A 22 page booklet was prepared setting out the arguments in favour of the proposal and those against that were endorsed by a majority of members of parliament who voted for and against the proposal.Commonwealth Electoral Office (Australia) Alteration of Constitution : Federal referendums, the case for and against 1937 http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-2496160540 17 October 2021 Trove Yes case The argument in favor of the amendments was prepared by the Attorney-General Robert Menzies. The Sun summarised the yes case as follows:The object is to amend the Constitution to confer upon the Commonwealth Parliament the power to make laws regarding air navigation and aircraft— to enable what is obviously a national problem to be dealt with by the National Parliament. Under existing powers the Commonwealth may control interstate but not intra-State aerial transport. It is ludicrous that an instrument of transport so flexible and so incapable of being kept within narrow geographical limits should still be subject in many ways to six different sets of State laws, also the Commonwealth laws. The view that an aeroplane competes with State railways, and therefore should be under State control, in the interests of transport co-ordination, becomes less tenable each year. The real question is whether the people desire divided or uniform control.This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: https://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article230795282 4,000,000 booklets for electors The Sun 11 January 1937 17 October 2021 11 Trove No case The case in opposition to the aviation referendum was prepared by New South Wales Labor members and some other members who opposed the Referendum Bill. The Sun summarised the no case as follows:In 1934. Mr. Menzies. as Acting Premier of Victoria, opposed a proposal similar to that he is now putting to the people. The Lyons Government plans to hand over air transport to the Imperial Airways Trust. A "Yes" vote will mean dearer freights and fares for the people of every State. The present proposal is designed to make the Imperial Air Trust, with privately subscribed capital, a serious rival of the State railway services. This same Imperial Air Trust has already begun a sinister influence in the political life of Australia. A "Yes" vote will wreck State railway systems, in which the electors have £311,486,688 invested, and in which 79,145 are employed. A "Yes" vote would bankrupt country towns, mean dearer freights, and dearer food, and would pave the way for an Imperial Air Trust. The Lyons Government has no case for a referendum, and since the Goya Henry case has introduced new regulations, which are working satisfactorily. Results + ResultHandbook State Electoral roll Ballots issued For Against Informal Vote % Vote % New South Wales 1,550,947 1,461,860 664,589 47.25 741,821 52.75 55,450 Victoria 1,128,492 1,074,278 675,481 65.10 362,112 34.90 36,685 Queensland 562,240 519,933 310,352 61.87 191,251 38.13 18,330 South Australia 358,069 341,444 128,582 40.13 191,831 59.87 21,031 Western Australia 247,536 221,832 100,326 47.58 110,529 52.42 10,977 Tasmania 133,444 125,016 45,616 38.94 71,518 61.06 7,882 Total for Commonwealth 3,980,728 3,744,363 1,924,946 53.56 1,669,062 46.44 150,355 Results Obtained majority in two states and an overall majority of 255,884 votes. Not carried Discussion For a referendum to approve an amendment of the constitution, it must ordinarily achieve a double majority: approved by a majority of states (i.e., four of the six states) as well as a majority of those voting nationwide.Cth act coaca430 Constitution 128 Mode of altering the Constitution. This was the first of five referendums (2021 10 y) to achieve an overall majority, but fail the requirement of a majority of states.Handbook of the 44th Parliament (2014) https://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;query=Id%3A%22handbook%2Fnewhandbook%2F2014-10-31%2F0048%22 Part 5 - Referendums and Plebiscites - Constitutional referendums Parliamentary Library of Australia The uniform regulation of air navigation was achieved by uniform state laws which applied the Commonwealth regulations,eg WA num_act ana19376o1937194 Air Navigation Act 1937 and the High Court subsequently upheld the validity of those regulations.HCA 19 1939 R v Poole; Ex parte Henry (1939) 61 CLR Commonwealth Law Reports 634 19 May 1939 High Court See also Politics of Australia History of Australia Aviation in Australia References Handbook Handbook of the 44th Parliament (2014) http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;query=Id%3A%22handbook%2Fnewhandbook%2F2014-10-31%2F0049%22 Part 5 - Referendums and Plebiscites - Referendum results Parliamentary Library of Australia Further reading Standing Committee on Legislative and Constitutional Affairs (1997) Constitutional Change: Select sources on Constitutional change in Australia 1901–1997 https://web.archive.org/web/20110605092632/http://www.aph.gov.au/HOUSE/committee/laca/Inquiryinconch.htm 5 June 2011 . Australian Government Printing Service, Canberra. Bennett, Scott (2003). Research Paper no. 11 2002–03: The Politics of Constitutional Amendment https://web.archive.org/web/20120216200422/http://www.aph.gov.au/library/pubs/rp/2002-03/03RP11.htm 16 February 2012 Australian Department of the Parliamentary Library, Canberra. Australian Electoral Commission (2007) Referendum Dates and Results 1906 – Present AEC, Canberra. 1937 Referendum (Aviation) Category:1937 referendums 1937 (Aviation) Category:Aviation in Australia Category:Aviation history of Australia