1942 Ecuador earthquake

Earthquake in Ecuador 1942 Ecuador earthquake iscgem900274 Yes 9 2.5 USD million Ecuador Megathrust w yes 7.8–7.9 21:13 ECT 13 May 1942 20 km Ecuador 1942-05-14 02:13:27 0.025 -79.955 inline, title The earthquake occurred at the northern flank of the Carnegie Ridge beneath the coast of Ecuador Map of the Carnegie Ridge showing the epicenter location of the 1942 earthquake Carnegie Ridge.png 900274 Ecuador–Colombia subduction zone 300 dead Yes The 1942 Ecuador earthquake or the Guayaquil earthquake occurred on 13 May at 21:13 ECT with a moment magnitude (w) of 7.8–7.9. The earthquake had an epicenter near the coast of Manabí Province, Ecuador. It killed more than 300 people and the total cost of damage was about 2.5 USD million. At Guayaquil, 250 km from the epicenter, many reinforced concrete structures in the city were destroyed and high-rise buildings collapsed. At least 100 fatalities were recorded in the city. The earthquake was caused by movement on a section of the Ecuador–Colombia subduction zone, a seismically active area where the Nazca plate subducts beneath the overriding South American plate. This subduction zone previously ruptured during a much larger earthquake in 1906, and the 1942 event represented a partial re-rupture. The same section that caused the 1942 earthquake would move again in April 2016 with nearly identical characteristics. Geology A subduction zone exists off the coast of Ecuador and Colombia due to oblique convergence between the continental South American plate, and oceanic Nazca plate. Along the Ecuador coast, the subduction zone is divided into three segments based on their seismic rupture history. In 1906, a w 8.8 earthquake ruptured the northern (470 km long) and middle (150 km long) segments. These individual segments subsequently ruptured during the earthquakes of 1942, 1958 and 1979. A southern segment also exists, measuring 300 km long. The central portion of the subduction zone was also responsible for earthquakes in 1896, 1907, 1942, 1956 and 1998.Chunga Kervin Livio Franz Mulas Maurizio Ochoa-Cornejo Felipe Besenzon Davide Ferrario Maria Francesca Michetti Alessandro Maria Earthquake Ground Effects and Intensity of the 16 April 2016 Mw 7.8 Pedernales, Ecuador, Earthquake: Implications for the Source Characterization of Large Subduction Earthquakes Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 2018 108 6 3384–3397 10.1785/0120180051 2018BuSSA.108.3384C The rate of convergence between these plates is estimated at 5 to 8 cm per year.Yamanaka Y. Tanioka Y. Shiin T. 2017 A long source area of the 1906 Colombia–Ecuador earthquake estimated from observed tsunami waveforms Earth Planets Space 69 1 163 10.1186/s40623-017-0750-z 2017EP&S...69..163Y free 2115/68290 free The Carnegie Ridge is a 1000 km on submarine feature which extends from the Galápagos Islands to some point east of the trench. Its collision and subduction introduces asperities and other characteristics that would not be present without. Its buoyancy, for example, may help to lock the plate interface in that area. Modelling of interplate deformation along the coast shows higher amounts of deformation – which is directly related to the locking – in Ecuador compared with Colombia. The buoyancy and locking of the plate interface appears to change both the dynamics of seismicity and the tsunamigenic potential of the subduction zone in the sense that the ridge can act as a barrier to fault ruptures. Earthquake The earthquake struck near the coast of Ecuador on 13 May at 21:13 ECT.ISC-GEM Global Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue Version 11.0 International Seismological Centre 25 June 2024 10.31905/D808B825 Data set free It measured 7.8–7.9 on the moment magnitude scale, had a hypocentral depth of 20 km, and an epicenter about 15 km west of Pedernales.Sennson Jennifer L Beck Susan L. Susan L. Beck Historical 1942 Ecuador and 1942 Peru subduction earthquakes and earthquake cycles along Colombia-Ecuador and Peru subduction segments Pure and Applied Geophysics 1996 146 1 67–101 10.1007/BF00876670 1996PApGe.146...67S It was caused by a rupture initiating on the subduction interface at the northern flank of the subducting Carnegie Ridge. All of the seismic energy was released in one episode which lasted 22 seconds; a limited rupture likely due to the asperities of the rugged and irregular ridge. A relocation of the aftershocks and an examination of their distribution (most were north of the epicenter) suggested that the slip dimensions were about 200 km long by 90 km across.Pararas-Carayannis, G. Potential of tsunami generation along the Colombia/Ecuador subduction margin and the Dolores-Guayaquil mega-thrust Science of Tsunami Hazards 2012 31 3 209–230 http://www.tsunamisociety.org/313gpc.pdf 19 March 2021 The 1942 earthquake was the first in a sequence of shocks that would re-rupture the Ecuador–Colombia subduction zone since 1906; subsequent events would occur in 1958 and 1979. In 2016, a w 7.8 earthquake ruptured the portion of the subduction zone that was involved in the 1942 event, north of a 1998 rupture. The 2016 event caused 2 m of slip, which is indicative of the accumulated strain while it was locked.Lingling Ye Hiroo Kanamori Jean-Philippe Avouac Linyan Li Kwok Fai Cheung Thorne Lay Hiroo Kanamori Thorne Lay 2016 The 16 April 2016, MW 7.8 (MS 7.5) Ecuador earthquake: A quasi-repeat of the 1942 MS 7.5 earthquake and partial re-rupture of the 1906 MS 8.6 Colombia–Ecuador earthquake http://web.gps.caltech.edu/~avouac/publications/YKALCL_Ecuador_EPSL.pdf Earth and Planetary Science Letters 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.09.006M 7.2 – near the coast of Ecuador https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usp0008ssb/executive live https://web.archive.org/web/20210127192016/https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usp0008ssb/executive 2021-01-27 19 January 2021 United States Geological Survey-ANSS The earthquakes of 1942 and 2016 (with epicenters just 42 km on apart) are part of a cycle with an average recurrence interval of 74 years, indicating the next event may occur around 2090.Moncayo Theurer, M Velasco, G. Mora, Carlos Montenegro, M Cordova, J Terremotos mayores a 6.5 en escala Richter ocurridos en Ecuador desde 1900 hasta 1970 Ingeniería 2017 21 2 55–64 https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/467/46753192005.pdf 16 July 2021 Earthquakes greater than 6.5 on the Richter scale that occurred in Ecuador from 1900 to 1970 Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán Mérida, México Spanish Impact The earthquake caused more than 300 deaths across Ecuador and 2.5 USD million in damage.7.8 magnitude earthquake also left pain and death in 1942 es Sismo de 7,8 también dejó dolor y muerte en 1942 https://www.eldiario.ec/noticias-manabi-ecuador/402381-sismo-de-78-tambien-dejo-dolor-y-muerte-en-1942/ 16 July 2021 El Diario 16 August 2016Significant Earthquake Database https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/3699 National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS) National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA 10.7289/V5TD9V7K 1972 Data Set Despite being about 250 km from the epicenter, the city of Guayaquil experienced the heaviest damage. More than 100 people died there, and numerous high-rise buildings collapsed. Damage was reported in the provinces of Manabí, Guayas, Los Ríos, Esmeraldas, Bolívar and Imbabura.Instituto Geofísico es Catálogo de Terremotos del Ecuador Ecuador Earthquake Catalog https://repositorio.puce.edu.ec/bitstream/handle/22000/6007/CATALOGO%20TERREMOTOS%20113-127.pdf?sequence=5&isAllowed=y https://web.archive.org/web/20210716141335/https://repositorio.puce.edu.ec/bitstream/handle/22000/6007/CATALOGO%20TERREMOTOS%20113-127.pdf?sequence=5&isAllowed=y 16 July 2021 16 July 2021 Most of Guayaquil sustained moderate damage evaluated on the Mercalli intensity as VI–VII (Strong–Very strong). Several reinforced concrete buildings the downtown area were heavily damaged and corresponded with IX (Violent).Villacres Alex 1996 The 1942 Guayaquil earthquake, recent evidences https://www.iitk.ac.in/nicee/wcee/article/11_131.PDF Eleventh World Conference on Earthquake Engineering 131 0-08-042822-3 Elsevier In the central, southern, and western parts of the city, situated on loose soil, the damage was evaluated at VIII (Severe), while areas on harder bedrock experienced VI (Strong) intensity. Forty people were killed by collapsed buildings; the greatest loss of life occurred at the corner of Pichincha and Colón streets when a five-storey clinic collapsed. In the same area, electricity and tram services were disrupted. Three buildings with four or five floors collapsed while others with three floors or more were heavily damaged. The greatest degree of damage occurred on the first floor of these buildings. Fractured columns and walls, toppled facades, and tilting occurred in other buildings.González Mora Iván Eduardo Actualización de la evaluación del riesgo sísmico en edificios de hormigón armado en los sectores con mayor riesgo sísmico de Guayaquil Degree Works – Civil Engineering Career 2012 http://repositorio.ucsg.edu.ec/bitstream/3317/1105/1/T-UCSG-PRE-ING-IC-6.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20240818143849/http://repositorio.ucsg.edu.ec/bitstream/3317/1105/1/T-UCSG-PRE-ING-IC-6.pdf 18 August 2024 16 July 2021 Update of the seismic risk assessment in reinforced concrete buildings in the sectors with the highest seismic risk in Guayaquil Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil es Three buildings had beams on their first floor so badly damaged that supports had to be installed immediately before they could be repaired or demolished. The location where the strongest intensity was felt in Guayaquil is just west of the Guayas River and south of Cerro Del Carmen. The city was constructed above water-saturated clay and alluvium deposited by the river. This soil condition amplified the seismic waves as it propagated beneath the city which worsened the strength of strong ground motion. Additional damage was reported in the cities of Chone, Portoviejo, Manta, Junín, Calcetan and Pedernales. In the Naranjal Canton, large fissures formed in the ground which allowed a "foamy liquid" to erupt. Many homes and buildings situated along the coast were seriously damaged or destroyed. The shaking was felt as far as the Oriente region in the east and in the border towns of Colombia towards the north. A moderate tsunami was also reported along the coast, causing minor damage and a few fatalities.Soloviev L. Go N. Catalogue of Tsunamis on the Eastern Shore of the Pacific Ocean 1975 Nauka Publishing House 204 Additionally, two strong aftershocks rocked the coast of Ecuador, causing more panic.ISC Bulletin: event catalogue search http://www.isc.ac.uk/iscbulletin/search/catalogue/ International Seismological Centre 16 July 2021 10.31905/D808B830 subscription During the night, many residents of Guayaquil slept in public parks or in their vehicles. The earthquake also caused disruption and damage to water infrastructure such as leaks at various places, forcing services to be limited to a few hours at certain times of the day. However, within a week, most pipelines were repaired. Electrical and telephone services were also affected, plunging the city into darkness, and in other instances, these service were intentionally cut to prevent short circuits and fires. See also Characteristic earthquake List of earthquakes in 1942 List of earthquakes in Ecuador References Category:1942 earthquakes Category:1940s tsunamis Category:Earthquakes in Ecuador Category:Earthquakes in Colombia Category:1942 in Ecuador Category:1942 in Colombia Category:May 1942 in South America Category:Manabí Province Category:Guayaquil Category:Esmeraldas Province Category:Tsunamis in Colombia Category:Tsunamis in Ecuador Category:1942 disasters in South America