1822–23 United States Senate elections

none March 2026 January 2025 1822–23 United States Senate elections United States 1822 legislative no 1820–21 United States Senate elections 1820 & 1821 1824–25 United States Senate elections 1824 & 1825 Class 2 1816–17 United States Senate elections 1816 & 1817 1828–29 United States Senate elections 1828 & 1829 16 of the 48 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections) 25 Dates vary by state 100px Seats up Democratic-Republican Party 39 seats 44 14 44 14 Federalist Party 4 seats 4 1 3 1 2 Majority Party Democratic-Republican Party Democratic-Republican Party File:1822senatemap.svg Results:#f2bfa6 Federalist hold #bef3be Dem-Republican hold#050d05ff Legislature Failed To Elect The 1822–23 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were before the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1822 and 1823, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/17th-amendment 17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913) National Archives and Records Administration February 8, 2022 In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 2. The Democratic-Republican Party continued to maintain almost complete control of the Senate. Factions At the very end of the next Congress, the 1824 United States presidential election led to a contingency election, decided by the Congress. In that election, Senators split into factions in support of William H. Crawford, Andrew Jackson, or John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay. Even though that election wasn't held until more than two years after the Senate elections in this article, those factions are noted below as "Crawford," "Jackson," or "Adams-Clay." Results summary Senate party division, 18th Congress (1823–1825) Majority party: Democratic-Republican (42–43) Minority parties: National Republican & Federalist (4–5) Total seats: 48 Change in composition Before the elections Composition after the January 24, 1822 Delaware special election. DR1Del. DelawareGain DR2 DR3 DR4 DR14 DR13 DR12 DR11 DR10 DR9 DR8 DR7 DR6 DR5 DR15 DR16 DR17 DR18 DR19 DR20 DR21 DR22 DR23 DR24 Majority → DR25 DR34Ky. KentuckyRan DR33Ill. IllinoisRan DR32Ga. GeorgiaRan DR31Ala. AlabamaRan DR30 DR29 DR28 DR27 DR26 DR35La. LouisianaRan DR36Me. MaineRan DR37Miss. MississippiRan DR38N.J. New JerseyRan DR39N.C. North CarolinaRan DR40R.I. Rhode IslandRan DR41S.C. South CarolinaRan DR42Tenn. TennesseeRan DR43Va. VirginiaRan DR44N.H. New HampshireRetired F1 F2 F3Mass. MassachusettsRan F4Del. Delaware Result of the regular elections DR1 DR2 DR3 DR4 DR14 DR13 DR12 DR11 DR10 DR9 DR8 DR7 DR6 DR5 DR15 DR16 DR17 DR18 DR19 DR20 DR21 DR22 DR23 DR24 Majority → DR25 DR34Ky. KentuckyRe-elected DR33Ill. IllinoisRe-elected DR32Ga. GeorgiaRe-elected DR31Ala. AlabamaRe-elected DR30 DR29 DR28 DR27 DR26 DR35La. LouisianaRe-elected DR36Me. MaineRe-elected DR37Miss. MississippiRe-elected DR38N.J. New JerseyRe-elected DR39R.I. Rhode IslandRe-elected DR40Va. VirginiaRe-elected DR41N.H. New HampshireHold DR42N.C. North CarolinaHold DR43S.C. South CarolinaHold DR44Tenn. TennesseeHold F1 F2 F3Mass. MassachusettsRe-elected V1Del. DelawareF Loss Key: DR# Democratic-Republican F# Federalist V# Vacant Race summaries Bold states links to specific election articles. Special elections during the preceding Congress In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1822 or before March 4, 1823; ordered by election date. State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoral history Delaware(Class 1) Vacant Outerbridge Horsey (F) resigned March 3, 1821.New senator elected January 24, 1822.Democratic-Republican gain. Democratic-Republican Party Caesar A. Rodney (Democratic-Republican) February 2020 Ohio(Class 3) William A. Trimble Democratic-Republican 1819 Incumbent died December 13, 1821.New senator elected January 29, 1822.Democratic-Republican hold. Democratic-Republican Party Ethan Allen Brown (Democratic-Republican) February 2020 Massachusetts(Class 2) Harrison Gray Otis Federalist 1816 Incumbent resigned May 30, 1822, to run for Mayor of Boston.New senator elected June 5, 1822.Successor was also elected to the next term; see below.Federalist hold. Federalist Party James Lloyd (Federalist) February 2020 Alabama(Class 3) John W. Walker Democratic-Republican 1819 Incumbent resigned December 12, 1822, due to failing health.New senator elected December 12, 1822.Democratic-Republican hold. Democratic-Republican Party William Kelly (Democratic-Republican) 56.65% Democratic-Republican PartyJohn McKinley (Democratic-Republican) 49.35%https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=328072 Our Campaigns - AL US Senate Race - Dec 12, 1822 www.ourcampaigns.com October 31, 2019, citing http://www.legislature.state.al.us/aliswww/history/acts_and_journals/1822/1822_House_Journal/Dec_12.html 1822 House Journal, Dec 12. Maryland(Class 1) William Pinkney Democratic-Republican 1819 (special)1821 Incumbent died February 25, 1822.New senator elected December 17, 1822.Democratic-Republican hold. Democratic-Republican Party Samuel Smith (Democratic-Republican) February 2020 Virginia(Class 2) James Pleasants Democratic-Republican 1819 (special) Incumbent resigned December 15, 1822, to become Governor of Virginia.New senator elected December 18, 1822.Winner was later re-elected to the next term; see below.Democratic-Republican hold. Democratic-Republican Party John Taylor (Democratic-Republican) 51.8% Democratic-Republican PartyHenry St. George Tucker Sr. (Democratic-Republican) 37.9% Democratic-Republican PartyJohn Tyler (Democratic-Republican) 10.3% Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 June 4, 2019 Virginia 1822 U.S. Senate, Special https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/k643b274r Races leading to the next Congress In these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1823; as ordered by the state. All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats. State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoralhistory Alabama William R. King Democratic-Republican 1819 Incumbent re-elected December 12, 1822. Democratic-Republican (Jackson) William R. King (Jackson D-R) 41.76% UnknownWilliam Crawford (Unknown) 38.46% Democratic-Republican (Jackson)John McKee (Jackson D-R) 13.19% Democratic-Republican (Jackson)William King (Jackson D-R) 6.59%https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=3343 Our Campaigns - AL Senate Race - Dec 12, 1822 Delaware Nicholas Van Dyke Federalist 1817 Legislature failed to elect.Federalist loss.Incumbent was later re-elected late in 1824. February 2020 Georgia Nicholas Ware Democratic-Republican 1821 (special) Incumbent re-elected in 1822 or 1823. Democratic-Republican (Crawford) Nicholas Ware (Crawford D-R) February 2020 Illinois Jesse B. Thomas Democratic-Republican 1818 Incumbent re-elected in 1823. Democratic-Republican (Crawford) Jesse B. Thomas (Crawford D-R) February 2020 Kentucky Richard M. Johnson Democratic-Republican 1819 (special) Incumbent re-elected in 1823. Democratic-Republican (Jackson) Richard M. Johnson (Jackson D-R) February 2020 Louisiana Henry Johnson Democratic-Republican 1818 (special) Incumbent re-elected in 1823. Democratic-Republican (Adams) Henry Johnson (Adams-Clay D-R) February 2020 Maine John Chandler Democratic-Republican 1820 Incumbent re-elected in 1823. Democratic-Republican (Crawford) John Chandler (Crawford D-R) February 2020 Massachusetts James Lloyd Federalist 1808 (special)18081813 (resigned)1822 (special) Incumbent re-elected as an Adams-Clay Federalist in 1822.Winner was also elected to finish the current term; see above. Federalist Party James Lloyd (Adams-Clay Federalist) February 2020 Mississippi Thomas Hill Williams Democratic-Republican 1817 Incumbent re-elected in 1823. Democratic-Republican (Jackson) Thomas Hill Williams (Jackson D-R) February 2020 New Hampshire David L. Morril Democratic-Republican 1816 Incumbent retired.New senator elected in 1823.Democratic-Republican hold. Democratic-Republican (Adams) Samuel Bell (Adams-Clay D-R) February 2020 New Jersey Mahlon Dickerson Democratic-Republican 1817 Incumbent re-elected November 14, 1822. Democratic-Republican (Crawford) Mahlon Dickerson (Crawford D-R) unopposed North Carolina Montfort Stokes Democratic-Republican 1816 (special)1816 Incumbent lost re-election.New senator elected in 1822.Democratic-Republican hold. Democratic-Republican (Crawford) John Branch (Crawford D-R) February 2020 Rhode Island Nehemiah R. Knight Democratic-Republican 1821 (special) Incumbent re-elected in 1823. Democratic-Republican (Crawford) Nehemiah R. Knight (Crawford D-R) February 2020 South Carolina William Smith Democratic-Republican 1810 (special)1816 Incumbent lost re-election.New senator elected in 1822.Democratic-Republican hold. Democratic-Republican (Jackson) Robert Y. Hayne (Jackson D-R) February 2020 Tennessee John Williams Democratic-Republican 1815 (special) Incumbent lost re-election.New senator elected October 28, 1823. Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 June 4, 2019 Tennessee 1823 U.S. Senate https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/rr171z84bDemocratic-Republican hold. Democratic-Republican (Jackson) Andrew Jackson (Jackson D-R) 58.33% Democratic-Republican (Crawford)John Williams (Crawford D-R) 41.67% Virginia John Taylor Democratic-Republican 1822 (special) Incumbent re-elected in 1823.Winner was also elected to finish the current term; see above. Democratic-Republican Party John Taylor (Democratic-Republican) February 2020 Special elections during the next Congress In these special elections, the winners were elected in 1823 after March 4; ordered by election date. State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoral history New Jersey(Class 1) Samuel L. Southard Democratic-Republican 1821 (appointed)1820 Incumbent resigned March 4, 1823, to become U.S. Secretary of the Navy.New senator elected November 12, 1823.Democratic Republican hold. Democratic-Republican (Adams) Joseph McIlvaine (Adams-Clay D-R) unopposed Alabama List of United States senators from Alabama 1823 United States House of Representatives elections in Alabama Alabama (regular) Incumbent William R. King was first elected in 1819. He was reelected with the votes of over 41% of the legislators, defeating William Crawford, former agent to the Choctaw nation John McKee, and another candidate named William King. 1822 United States Senate election in Alabama Independent 191970 6.59% Democratic-Republican Party Democratic-Republican Party William King 13.19% John McKee John McKee.jpg 38.46% 808080 William Crawford presidential 41.76% Democratic-Republican Party William R. King KingAsYoungAdult.png 1828 1828–29 United States Senate elections 1819 1818–19 United States Senate elections December 12, 1822 no 893F45December 2019 Alabama (special) Incumbent John Williams Walker resigned on December 12, 1822, due to failing health. He would die in April of the following year. William Kelly was elected in his place with 56.65% of the votes of state legislators, defeating state representative John McKinley. 1822 United States Senate special election in Alabama presidential no December 12, 1822 William Kelly Democratic-Republican Party Legislative John McKinley John McKinley.jpg Democratic-Republican Party 49.35% 56.65% 1818–19 United States Senate elections 1819 1824–25 United States Senate elections 1824 December 2019 Delaware List of United States senators from Delaware 1822 United States House of Representatives election in Delaware Delaware (regular) The Delaware General Assembly did not elect a candidate to the United States Senate. December 2019 Delaware (special) Federalist incumbent Outerbridge Horsey retired in the 1820/1821 Senate elections. The Delaware General Assembly failed to elect a successor. Caesar Augustus Rodney, the U.S. representative for Delaware's at-large congressional district and a nephew of founding father Caesar Rodney, was elected late. December 2019 Georgia List of United States senators from GeorgiaIncumbent Democratic-Republican Nicholas Ware was reelected in 1823. December 2019 Illinois List of United States senators from IllinoisIncumbent Democratic-Republican Jesse B. Thomas was reelected in 1823.December 2019 Kentucky List of United States senators from Kentucky Incumbent Democratic-Republican Richard Mentor Johnson was reelected in 1823.December 2019 Louisiana List of United States senators from LouisianaIncumbent Democratic-Republican Henry S. Johnson was reelected in 1823December 2019 Maine List of United States senators from MaineIncumbent Democratic-Republican John Chandler was reelected in 1823.December 2019 Maryland (special) List of United States senators from Maryland November 2022 1822 United States Senate special election in Maryland - AACC99 -% Democratic-Republican Samuel Smith General Samuel Smith.jpg 1827 1827 United States Senate election in Maryland 1821 1821 United States Senate election in Maryland 80 members of the Maryland General Assembly Legislative December 11, 1822 presidential Incumbent Democratic-Republican William Pinkney died on February 25, 1822. Congressman Samuel Smith, a Democratic-Republican, was elected to the seat on December 17, 1822.https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=122173 Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race -Dec 11, 1822 2022-11-05 www.ourcampaigns.com Massachusetts List of United States senators from Massachusetts 1822–1823 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts Massachusetts (regular) Incumbent Federalist James Lloyd was reelected in 1822 after being first elected in a special election (see below). December 2019 Massachusetts (special) thumb|James Lloyd Incumbent Senator Harrison Gray Otis resigned on May 30, 1822, to run for Mayor of Boston. Former senator James Lloyd, a Federalist was elected on June 5, 1822. December 2019 Mississippi List of United States senators from MississippiIncumbent Democratic-Republican Thomas Hill Williams was reelected in 1823.December 2019 New Hampshire List of United States senators from New HampshireIncumbent Democratic-Republican David L. Morril retired. Governor of New Hampshire Samuel Bell was elected as a Democratic-Republican.December 2019 New Jersey List of United States senators from New Jersey 1822 United States House of Representatives election in New Jersey New Jersey (regular) Incumbent Democratic-Republican Mahlon Dickerson was reelected in November 1822. December 2019 New Jersey (special) Incumbent Democratic-Republican Samuel L. Southard resigned on March 3, 1823, to become the U.S. Secretary of the Navy. Democratic-Republican Joseph McIlvaine was elected to finish his term on November 12, 1823. December 2019 North Carolina List of United States senators from North CarolinaIncumbent Democratic-Republican Montfort Stokes was defeated for reelection by John Branch, a fellow Democratic-Republican, in 1822.December 2019 Ohio (special) List of United States senators from OhioIncumbent Jeffersonian Republican William A. Trimble died on December 13, 1821, at the age of 35. Governor of Ohio, Ethan Allen Brown, was elected to finish Trimble's term. December 2019 Rhode Island List of United States senators from Rhode IslandIncumbent Democratic-Republican Nehemiah R. Knight was reelected in 1823.December 2019 South Carolina List of United States senators from South CarolinaIncumbent Democratic-Republican William Smith lost reelection to Democratic-Republican Robert Y. Hayne.December 2019 Tennessee List of United States senators from TennesseeFormer senator and general Andrew Jackson defeated incumbent John Williams in the election for Senate. Jackson was put up as the Jacksonian candidate after Williams decided to support William H. Crawford in the 1824 Presidential Election.Higgins Ruth L. Driver Leota S. December 1933 Fanny Kemble http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1886861 The Mississippi Valley Historical Review 20 3 416 10.2307/1886861 1886861 0161-391X subscription Williams was endorsed by Davy Crockett.February 2003 John R. Finger. Tennessee Frontiers: Three Regions in Transition. (A History of the Trans-Appalachian Frontier.) Bloomington: Indiana University Press. 2001. Pp. xxiii, 382. $39.95 http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr/108.1.185-a The American Historical Review 10.1086/ahr/108.1.185-a 1937-5239 subscription Jackson's return to the senate after nearly 25 years out of office marks the second longest gap in service in U.S. Senate history. Jackson would resign two years later in 1825, and eventually be elected president in 1828. 1823 United States Senate election in Tennessee 58.33% 60 legislators Legislative 41.67% yes Old Republican Democratic-Republican Party John Williams FF9955 Colonel-john-williams-tn1.jpg ADD8E6 presidential Jacksonian Democratic-Republican Party Andrew Jackson Andrew Jackson cropped.jpg 1824/1825 (special) 1824–25 United States Senate elections 1816/1817 1816–17 United States Senate elections November 28, 1823 no 31 35 25December 2019 Virginia List of United States senators from Virginia 1823 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia Virginia (regular) After being elected in the special election (see below), incumbent John Taylor was reelected in 1823. December 2019 Virginia (special) Incumbent James Pleasants resigned on December 15, 1822, to become Governor of Virginia. Former senator John Taylor, a Democratic-Republican, was elected with 51.8% of the votes of legislators over former congressmen Henry St. George Tucker and John Tyler, both Democratic-Republicans. 1822 United States Senate special election in Virginia 51.8% Democratic-Republican Party John Tyler, Jr. John Tyler - Governor of Virginia (c. 1826).jpg 37.9% Democratic-Republican Party Henry St. George Tucker Sr. Henry St. George Tucker.jpg Democratic-Republican Party presidential John Taylor of Caroline John Taylor ofCaroline.jpg 1823 1822–23 United States Senate elections 1819 (special) 1818–19 United States Senate elections December 18, 1822 no 10.3%December 2019 See also 1822 United States elections 1822–23 United States House of Representatives elections 17th United States Congress 18th United States Congress References Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov Category:Richard Mentor Johnson Category:William R. King