2000 Arizona Democratic presidential primary

none Electronic voting#Online voting Electronic voting in the United States 2000 United States presidential election June 2025 April 2025 2000 Arizona Democratic presidential primary Arizona presidential no 1996 Arizona Democratic presidential primary 1996 2004 Arizona Democratic presidential primary 2004 2000 03 11 x160px Al Gore 3333FF Tennessee 40 67,582 77.89% x160px Bill Bradley(withdrawn) FA8320 New Jersey 7 16,383 18.88% UT MI 29 delegates to the Democratic National Convention (24 pledged, 5 unpledged)The number of pledged delegates received is determined by the popular vote In March 2000 the Arizona Democratic Party ran its Presidential Primary over the internet using the private company Election.com.Arizona Democratic Party Selects Votation.com to Hold World's First Legally-Binding Public Election Over the Internet. December 16, 1999 http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Arizona+Democratic+Party+Selects+Votation.com+to+Hold+World's+First...-a058272337 Business Wire 2009-05-21 August 2026 InternetArchiveBot The announcement received significant press coverage around the world, covered in virtually every country and medium as a test of whether internet voting could actually work in a statewide election.Dennis Berman We the E-People February 28, 2000 http://www.businessweek.com/smallbiz/0002/ep3670042.htm BusinessWeek 2009-05-22 https://web.archive.org/web/20081011215352/http://www.businessweek.com/smallbiz/0002/ep3670042.htm October 11, 2008 dead mdy-all Voting Rights Act lawsuits Several attempts were made to stop the election, including a lawsuit instigated by the Virginia-based Voting Integrity Project,Rebecca Fairley Raney Suit Seeks to Block Net Vote in Arizona January 22, 2000 https://www.nytimes.com/library/tech/00/01/cyber/articles/22vote.html The New York Times 2009-05-22 which claimed that Internet voting would disadvantage African Americans, Latinos, and Native Americans, all protected classes under the Voting Rights Act. The Voting Integrity Project, along with two African American and two Hispanic plaintiffs, claimed that by allowing Internet voting, minority groups, which at that time had less access to the internet, would have their collective voting power proportionately reduced.Online voting debate rages in run-up to election November 1, 2000 CNN http://archives.cnn.com/2000/TECH/computing/11/01/campaign.usa.internet.reut/ Reuters 2009-05-22 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20090412080709/http://archives.cnn.com/2000/TECH/computing/11/01/campaign.usa.internet.reut/ April 12, 2009 The plaintiff's sought an injunction to stop the election.U.S. Department of State Web Site Report to Congress The lawsuit, along with other factors, was depleting the resources of the Arizona Democratic Party. The court had to determine if the voting rights act applied, since this election was being conducted by the Democratic Party itself, not the state or country government; the plaintiff's argued it was. The court also had to decide if the election was unfairly diluting the minority vote, given the plaintiffs' claims that whites were more likely to vote over the internet than non-whites. Several organizations filed amicus briefs in support of the Democratic Party and the Internet election, including the Benjamin E. Mayes National Education Resource Center, the Center of Government Studies, and Professor Charles Nesson of Harvard Law School.Memorandum and Order by Judge Paul Rosenblatt, March 2, 2000, Voting Integrity Project, Lucious Bain, et al, vs. Mark Fleisher and the Arizona Democratic Party, US District Court, District of Arizona, Page 17 On March 2, 2000, Judge Paul G. Rosenblatt, of the United States District Court in Phoenix, issued its decision. While the court agreed with the plaintiffs that this was a public election,Memorandum and Order by Judge Paul Rosenblatt, March 2, 2000, Voting Integrity Project, Lucious Bain, et al, vs. Mark Fleisher and the Arizona Democratic Party, US District Court, District of Arizona it also noted in its decision that there were other ways to vote, including absentee ballot by mail, and voting at polling places, and thus there was no basis to stop the election. The court denied the request for an injunction to stop the election.Rebecca Fairley Raney Judge Lets Internet Primary in Arizona Proceed March 1, 2000 https://www.nytimes.com/library/tech/00/03/cyber/articles/02vote.html The New York Times 2009-05-22 Civil rights concerns Serious concerns about internet were also raised by civil rights organizations around the United States.Wilhelm, Anthony, Digital Nation: Towards and Inclusive Society, MIT Press, 2004, pages 67-73De la Garza, Rodolfo, and DeSipio, Louis, Muted Voices, Latinos and the 2000 Elections, Rowman & Littlefield, 2004, pages 151-153 Native American support is particularly important in Arizona, where they numbered more than 250,000.References 2000 Census https://web.archive.org/web/20090531165737/http://edrp.arid.arizona.edu/tribes.html 2009-05-31 The states two most prominent leaders were Apache leader John Lewis, president of the Inter-Tribal Counsel, and Kelsey A. Begaye President of the Navajo Nation. The outreach efforts by Election.com CEO, Joe Mohen, and the Arizona Democratic Party to Native Americans were particularly successful, such that the Voting Integrity Project was unable to recruit even one Native American to be a plaintiff in their case, and The Navajo leadership, including President Kelsey Begaye, prominent Native American leaders posed for Television Cameras when they later voted over the internet.Jeff Jones Photo March 10, 2000 http://www.gallupindependent.com/1999-2001/3-10-00.html Gallup Independent 2009-05-22 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20081007010207/http://www.gallupindependent.com/1999-2001/3-10-00.html October 7, 2008 On February 24, 2000, the Department of Justice granted pre-clearance for the election.Patricia Jacobus DOJ gives OK to Arizona online primary vote February 25, 2000 http://news.cnet.com/DOJ-gives-OK-to-Arizona-online-primary-vote/2100-1023_3-237334.html CNET Networks 2009-05-22 Letter from Joseph Rich, Chief of the Voting Section of the Department of Justice, to Joseph Sandler, Sandler and Reiff, and the Arizona Democratic Party, dated February 24,2 2000 Security threats Many public threats by hackers were made that they would bring down the election. These threats ranged from to denial of service attacksPBS NewsHour and voter identity theft. The election software was audited by KPMG.Mike Anderiesz SA Mathieson Click here for your candidate June 7, 2001 https://www.theguardian.com/politics/election2001/comment/0,,503055,00.html The Guardian 2009-05-22 While the original plan was to use VeriSign digital certificates,Jack Jack Arizona Democrats Will Vote Online December 16, 1999 PC World http://www.pcworld.com/article/14403/arizona_democrats_will_vote_online.html Jack 2009-05-22 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20110606013723/http://www.pcworld.com/article/14403/arizona_democrats_will_vote_online.html June 6, 2011 though ultimately PINs were mailed to each voter and a challenge–response authentication system (such as birth date, place of birth, or social security number) was used as well.Joe Mohen The Fine Points of Online Voting http://www.businessweek.com/2000/00_21/c3682105.htm BusinessWeek 2009-05-22 One magazine columnist, Howard Mortman, even hired a computer hacker to attempt to disrupt the election.James Ledbetter Arizona Democrats and Online Voting Just Click 2000-03-10 http://www.thestandard.com/article/0,1902,12859,00.html The Industry Standard 17 March 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20010625171356/http://www.thestandard.com/article/0%2C1902%2C12859%2C00.html 25 June 2001 dead Voting period The week of the election, online voting was allowed beginning Tuesday March 7 through Friday March 10.Wilhelm, Anthony, Digital Nation: Toward and Inclusive Information Society, MIT Press 2004, pages 67-73 The following Saturday March 11, voting would be allowed at Polling Places only, through personal computers. Avaliktos Neal The Election Process Revisited Nova Publishers 2004 New York 1-59454-054-3 There were some minor problems, in that a few polling places did not open on schedule, and some users with older browsers could not vote.SlateAugust 2026 InternetArchiveBot The election went off successfully, with voter turnout increasing from 36,326 in the 1996 Primary to 86,762 in the 2000 internet primary.Lydia Lee Vote naked in the privacy of your own home! March 20, 2000 http://archive.salon.com/tech/view/2000/03/20/election/index.html Salon.com 2009-05-22 https://web.archive.org/web/20080513104430/http://archive.salon.com/tech/view/2000/03/20/election/index.html May 13, 2008 dead mdy-all Contrary to expectations, Native American turnout also increased more than 500% and African American and Latino turnout both went up more than 800%,May 2009 defying those who claimed that minorities would not use the internet to cast votes. The results were certified by the State Board of Elections.Garson, David, Handbook of Public Information Systems, CRC Press, 2005 Page 266 There were many other "firsts"; news footage showing a middle-aged quadriplegic man in Arizona who cast his first unassisted, secret ballot using the Internet.Info Sentry election.com reported no hacking during the election.http://www.uvm.edu/~vlrs/doc/election_issues.htm University of Vermont Legislative Research July 23, 2020 February 5, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200205094717/http://www.uvm.edu/~vlrs/doc/election_issues.htm dead The case for internet voting Communications of the ACM January 2001 Joe Mohen Julia Glidden 44 1 72 http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=357511 PDF 2009-05-22 10.1145/357489.357511 subscription Shortly after, Mohen was featured on the cover of the Industry Standard Magazine.James Ledbetter Net Out the Vote 2000-03-27 http://www.thestandard.com/article/0%2C1902%2C13004%2C00.html The Industry Standard 2009-05-22 Results 2000 Arizona Democratic presidential primaryCandidateVote2000 Presidential Democratic Primary Election Results - Arizona https://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/state.php?year=2000&off=0&elect=1&fips=4&f=0 September 7, 2020 uselectionatlas.orgPledgeddelegatesArizona Democrat Delegation 2000 http://www.thegreenpapers.com/PCC/AZ-D.html 2020-09-07 www.thegreenpapers.com#%Al Gore67,58277.89%40Bill Bradley (withdrawn)16,38318.88%7Uncommitted1,4391.66%0Heather A. Harder1,3581.57%0Total valid votes86,762100%47 Ongoing debate The Arizona Democratic primary has been called the "first legally binding public election to offer internet voting".Thinking Outside the Ballot Box, Lippert and Ojumu, Journal of Organizational and End User Computing page 60http://www.worldalmanacforkids.com/WAKI-ViewArticle.aspx?pin=wwwwak-360&article_id=741&chapter_id=15&chapter_title=United_States&article_title=Arizona World Almanac for Kids July 23, 2020 February 15, 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090215000320/http://worldalmanacforkids.com/WAKI-ViewArticle.aspx?pin=wwwwak-360&article_id=741&chapter_id=15&chapter_title=United_States&article_title=Arizona dead However, the Arizona Democratic Party and the private company administering the election argued in federal court that it was a private election outside of federal jurisdiction.Voting Integrity Project v Fleisher, cv 00-109-PHX Still others, such as the Internet Policy Institute, have classified the primary, as a "hybrid between public and private elections... not run by state election officials, but were still subject to some aspects of state and federal election law."Report of the National Workshop for Internet Voting, sponsored by the National Science FoundationSeptember 2017 InternetArchiveBot yes And there were some glitches such as that certain Macintosh browsers did not work.Internet Voting in Practice https://web.archive.org/web/20100125175233/http://www.unc.edu/courses/2008spring/law/357c/001/onlinevotingsite/inpractice.html 2010-01-25 University of North Carolina Nonetheless, the 2000 Arizona Internet vote was hailed worldwide as a landmark case of using the Internet at a major election.Australian Electoral Commission References Category:2000 United States Democratic presidential primaries by state or territory 2000