1933 Tampico hurricane

Category 5 Atlantic hurricane in 1933 June 2012 Hurricane Fourteen1933 Tampico hurricane Tampico hurricane (Hurricane Fourteen) weather map, September 21, 1933.jpg Surface weather analysis of the hurricane at peak intensity as it approaches the Yucatán Peninsula on September 21 September 16, 1933 September 25, 1933 140 929 1933 ~184 5000000 Jamaica, Yucatán Peninsula, Tamaulipas 1933 Atlantic hurricane season The 1933 Tampico hurricane was a deadly tropical cyclone late in the 1933 Atlantic hurricane season. It was the second system of the season to reach Category 5equivalent intensity on the Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale.The Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale was developed in 1971,Jack Williams Hurricane scale invented to communicate storm danger USA Today 2005-05-17 2013-08-04 https://www.usatoday.com/weather/hurricane/whscale.htm and has been retroactively applied to the entirety of the Atlantic hurricane database.Hurricane Research Division Chronological List of All Continental United States Hurricanes: 1851-2012 June 2013 2013-08-03 http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/All_U.S._Hurricanes.html "nb" It developed on September 16 near the Lesser Antilles, and slowly intensified while moving across the Caribbean Sea. Becoming a hurricane on September 19, its strengthening rate increased while passing south of Jamaica. Two days later, the hurricane reached peak winds, estimated at 160 mph km/h on. After weakening, it made landfall on the Yucatán Peninsula, destroying several houses. One person was killed offshore Progreso, Yucatán during the storm. Over land, the hurricane weakened to a tropical storm, although it re-intensified slightly in the Gulf of Mexico. On September 25, it made a second landfall just south of Tampico, Tamaulipas with winds at around 110 mph km/h on, and it quickly dissipated over land. Damage was heaviest there, estimated at $5 million (1933 USD) and there were hundreds of deaths. About 75% of the houses in Tampico were damaged, including about 50% of houses that had severe to total destruction to their roofs. The destruction prompted the declaration of martial law, and there was a curfew instated. Meteorological history AL14 1933 path.png left Track map of the storm new A tropical disturbance moved westward across the tropical Atlantic Ocean in mid-September. On September 16, it was estimated that a tropical depression developed about 185 mi km on east-northeast of Tobago. It moved west-northwestward through the Lesser Antilles, passing about 14 mi km on south of Grenada; however, the system was very weak, and the island reported east winds of only 12 mph km/h on. After entering the Caribbean Sea, the depression intensified into a tropical storm on September 18, and a day later it became a hurricane. On September 20 it passed to the south of Jamaica while quickly strengthening. At 0000 UTC on September 21, a ship in the eye reported a barometric pressure of 929 mbar inHg on. Ordinarily, the pressure reading would suggest winds of 153 mph km/h on; however, observations from the ship indicated the hurricane was smaller than normal, with a radius of maximum winds of 8 mi km on. As a result, the peak winds were estimated at 160 mph km/h on, or a Category 5 on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale.Chris Landsea May 2012 Documentation of Atlantic Tropical Cyclones Changes in HURDAT (1933) Hurricane Research Division 2012-06-02 http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/metadata_1933.html#1933_14 etal left|thumb|230x230px|Surface weather analysis showing the hurricane shortly after landfall in the Yucatán Peninsula on September 22 After peaking in intensity, the hurricane continued to the northwest. Early on September 22, it passed about 50 mi km onThe 1933 Monthly Weather Review reported that the hurricane passed "about 40 miles south of Cozumel Island", and the 2012 Atlantic hurricane reanalysis wrote that the "center passed about 10 nmi farther south of Cozumel than previously analyzed". "nb" south of Cozumel before making landfall on the Yucatán Peninsula. Its landfall intensity was unknown; the Atlantic hurricane reanalysis in 2012 suggested that the storm could have retained Category 5 status until landfall, although local observations did not validate the theory. In the original analysis of the season, the landfall intensity was estimated at 105 mph km/h on. As a compromise, the 2012 reanalysis estimated the hurricane struck land with winds of 140 mph km/h on. The cyclone rapidly weakened while crossing the Yucatán peninsula, and on September 23 it emerged into the Gulf of Mexico with winds of 65 mph km/h on. It quickly reintensified into a hurricane while moving toward the northeast Mexican coastline. At around 0000 UTC on September 25, the hurricane made its final landfall just south of Tampico, Tamaulipas with winds of 110 mph km/h on; this was based on a ship in the eye reporting a pressure of 960 mbar inHg on. Within 12 hours, the storm dissipated over land. Impact While passing south of Jamaica, the hurricane produced high surf in Kingston.C. L. Mitchell Monthly Weather Review American Meteorological Society Tropical Disturbances of September 1933 275–276 2012-06-09 October 1933 http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/mwr_pdf/1933.pdf 10.1175/1520-0493(1933)61<274:TDOS>2.0.CO;2 61 9 1933MWRv...61..274M free Heavy rains from the storm affected much of the island, which disrupted travel and caused one mudslide.The Daily Gleaner Storm Passes Southward of Jamaica; Very Heavy Rains as Result of the Disturbance 1933-09-21 2012-07-11 https://newspaperarchive.com/kingston-gleaner/1933-09-21/ In Cozumel offshore the Yucatán Peninsula, winds reached 76 mph km/h on from the southeast. There, the hurricane destroyed a fishing pier and several houses. While the storm crossed the peninsula, Progreso, Yucatán reported east winds of 55 mph km/h on. Offshore Progreso, the storm capsized a boat, killing one person. thumb|Synoptic weather map of the hurricane approaching landfall in Mexico, near Tampico on September 24 Before the hurricane made its final landfall, the threat of heavy rainfall prompted evacuations around Tampico,Associated Press 1933-09-23 The Evening Independent Storm Betters Mexican Coast 2012-07-17 https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=FetPAAAAIBAJ&pg=4148,1532819&dq=hurricane+mexico&hl=en just 10 days after another hurricane hit the same region. Near Tampico, a ship reported winds of 81 mph km/h on, and a station in Tampico recorded winds of 53 mph km/h on. High winds cut power lines and blew off or heavily damaged the roofs of half of the city's houses. A high accompanying storm surge washed away many people from their homes, and several barges were washed away. The harbor was filled with debris after the storm, rendering it unusable. Portions of the city were flooded up to 15 ft m on deep. According to news reports, the hurricane damaged about 75% of Tampico. Majority of the damage was to poorly constructed houses, although a large hospital in Tampico was also destroyed, killing 87 people.The Calgary Daily Herald 1933-09-26 Tampico Laid Waste by Flood and Gale; 5,000 casualties United Press 2013-07-15 https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=QBtkAAAAIBAJ&pg=2438,2529538&dq=mexico&hl=en Roads were blocked throughout the city, and the river was closed to boating. The rail line was impacted, which disrupted relief supplies from reaching the region. Outside of the city, the hurricane increased levels along the Pánuco and Tamesí rivers,Jacques D'Armand Hurricane Ravages Mexico United Press 2012-09-25 San Jose News https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=MjAiAAAAIBAJ&pg=2659,6820722&dq=hurricane&hl=en which remained above flood stage for several days.Associated Press 1933-09-28 Floods Add to Mexico Damage 2012-12-30 The Portsmouth Times https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=iUdBAAAAIBAJ&pg=3935,892580&dq=mexico+hurricane&hl=en West of Tampico, the hurricane flooded the entire city of Cárdenas, San Luis Potosí, killing 20 and injuring 200 people. In Pánuco, Veracruz, about 5,000 people were left homeless. In San Luis Potosí state, 30 people were killed when a dam burst. Heavy rainfall in Monterrey caused rivers to flood. Damage spread as far as the west coast of Mexico.The Painesville Telegraph 1933-09-27 5,000 Dead, Injured in Tampico Gale 2013-07-15 https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=asNZAAAAIBAJ&pg=1798,4259099&dq=mexico&hl=en Throughout the country, air travel was disrupted, and several train lines were washed out,Clark Lee 1933-09-26 Tampico Life Loss May Run to Thousands Associated Press Montreal Gazette 2012-07-17 https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=vEowAAAAIBAJ&pg=5891,3235665&dq=hurricane&hl=en leaving three trains missing. Initial news reports suggested a death toll of up to 5,000 people, and the storm was considered "the greatest disaster in recent Mexican history".Australian Press Association 1933-09-27 Tampico Wrecked by Hurricane 2012-07-14 The Courier-Mail http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article1123982 Two days after the storm dissipated, the death toll was set at 54, with 850 people injured and potentially thousands that were buried.Clark G. Lee 1933-09-27 Ellensburg Daily Record Associated Press Famine, Disease Threaten Mexico in Storm Wake 2013-01-01 https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=K9UrAAAAIBAJ&pg=6040,2924398&dq=mexico+hurricane&hl=en Search and rescue teams dug through the debris of the Tampico to find survivors and victims.United Press 1933-09-27 5,000 Killed, Hurt in Storm The Pittsburgh Press 2013-07-15 https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Wf8cAAAAIBAJ&pg=6386,3915190&dq=mexico&hl=en In 1997, the National Hurricane Center listed the death toll between 184–200,Edward N. Rappaport Jose Fernandez-Partagas Jack Beven NOAA Technical Memorandum NWS NHC 47 The Deadliest Atlantic Tropical Cyclones, 1492-1996 1995-05-28 2012-06-02 http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pastdeadlyapp1.shtml? and damage was estimated at $5 million (1933 USD).Natural Disasters Lee Davis 2008 978-0-8160-7000-8 Facts on File, Inc. New York 271 https://books.google.com/books?id=CRzMOYIuLJEC&q=1933+tampico+hurricane&pg=PA271 In the aftermath of the storm, food and medical supplies rapidly diminished. After the storm dissipated, doctors and nurses traveled to the city to assist in the aftermath, while trains carried food and water. A train from Monterrey to Tampico carried food, medicine, and soldiers to assist in rebuilding, but was delayed by ongoing flooding. Military planes were utilized to transport aid. Martial law was declared in Tampico following the storm, and officials imposed a 7 p.m. curfew. Uninjured citizens helped clear the roads. President Abelardo L. Rodríguez asked the governors of the Mexican states to send aid and for residents to send money to the Bank of Mexico. Following the storm, residents overcrowded the buildings that remained standing in Tampico.The Southeast Missourian 1933-10-02 Tampico Refugees Jam Buildings; Fear Epidemic 2013-07-15 https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ESMjAAAAIBAJ&pg=2873,974277&dq=tampico&hl=en See also Tropical cyclones List of Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes Hurricane Gilbert (1988) – A destructive Category 5 hurricane that took a similar track Hurricane Emily (2005) – Another destructive Category 5 hurricane that took a similar track Hurricane Dean (2007) – Another destructive Category 5 hurricane that took a similar track Notes nb References 2 Category:Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes Category:1933 Atlantic hurricane season Category:Atlantic hurricanes in Mexico Category:1933 in Mexico Category:1933 in the Caribbean