1996 Atlantic hurricane season

none March 2012 Atl 1996 1996 Atlantic hurricane season summary.png June 17, 1996 November 26, 1996 Edouard 125 933 1 13 13 9 6 166 ~ 6520 256 total 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998 Timeline of the 1996 Atlantic hurricane season 1996 Pacific typhoon season 1996 Pacific hurricane season 1996 North Indian Ocean cyclone season The 1996 Atlantic hurricane season was an active Atlantic hurricane season that had the most major hurricanes since 1950, which are Category 3 or higher on the Saffir-Simpson scale. The season was above-average, featuring a total of thirteen named storms, nine hurricanes, and six major hurricanes. The season officially began on June 1, 1996 and ended on November 30, 1996, dates which conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the Atlantic basin. The season's first tropical cyclone, Tropical Storm Arthur, developed on June 17, while the final cyclone, Hurricane Marco dissipated on November 26. The most intense hurricane, Edouard, was a powerful Cape Verde-type hurricane that affected portions of the Mid-Atlantic states and New England. The season featured nine tropical cyclone landfalls, including six hurricanes, one of which was a major hurricane. In total, six major hurricanes formed during the 1996 Atlantic hurricane season—the highest number produced in a single season since 1950. The four most notable tropical cyclones of the season were hurricanes Bertha, Cesar, Fran, and Hortense. Bertha made landfall as a Category 2 hurricane on the coast of North Carolina, causing a total of 12 deaths and $335 million (1996 USD) in damage. Hurricane Fran made landfall in the same general area a little over a month later as a Category 3 hurricane, causing 37 deaths and $5 billion in damage. Hurricane Cesar developed in the east Caribbean during late-July, struck Nicaragua, then crossed into the Pacific as a tropical storm, at which time it was given the name Douglas. The system produced strong winds and flooding, leading to 113 deaths and $202.96 million in damage. Finally, Hurricane Hortense formed in the east Atlantic during the month of September and crossed Hispaniola and Puerto Rico, causing 39 direct deaths and $158 million in damage. Collectively, the tropical cyclones of the 1996 Atlantic hurricane season caused $6.52 billion in damage and 256 deaths. Seasonal forecasts +Predictions of tropical activity in the 1996 seasonSourceDateNamedstormsHurricanesMajorhurricanesRefCSUDecember 1995852http://typhoon.atmos.colostate.edu/Includes/Documents/Publications/forecast_verifications.xls Forecast Verifications 2012 Colorado State University August 3, 2013 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20131214201025/http://typhoon.atmos.colostate.edu/Includes/Documents/Publications/forecast_verifications.xls December 14, 2013WRCEarly 1996 115N/A http://www.wxresearch.com/outlook/2008wrcvsco.pdf Comparison of Weather Research Center's OCSI Atlantic Annual Seasonal Hurricane Forecasts with Colorado State Professor Bill Gray's Seasonal Forecast Jill F. Hasling May 1, 2008 Weather Research Center August 3, 2013 July 18, 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110718124747/http://www.wxresearch.com/outlook/2008wrcvsco.pdf deadCSUApril1173CSUJune1062Record high activity30157 (Tie)North Atlantic Ocean Historical Tropical Cyclone Statistics http://tropical.atmos.colostate.edu/Realtime/index.php?arch&loc=northatlantic Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado July 19, 2023Record low activity10 (tie)0Actual activity 13 9 6 Forecasts of hurricane activity are issued before each hurricane season by noted hurricane experts such as Dr. William M. Gray and his associates at Colorado State University (CSU) and the Weather Research Center (WRC). A normal season, as defined by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), has 12.1 named storms, of these 6.4 reach hurricane strength, and 2.7 major hurricanes, which are Category 3 or higher on the Saffir–Simpson scale.http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/outlooks/background_information.shtml Background information: the North Atlantic Hurricane Season August 4, 2011 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Prediction Center September 17, 2011 Additional, the 1950-2000 CSU average for a normal season is 9.6 named storms, of these 5.9 reach hurricane strength, and 2.3 become major hurricanes.Philip J. Klotzbach William M. Gray December 8, 2006 Extended Range Forecast of Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity and U.S. Landfall Strike Probability for 2007 Colorado State University July 1, 2012 http://hurricane.atmos.colostate.edu/forecasts/2006/dec2006/ dead https://web.archive.org/web/20061218105454/http://hurricane.atmos.colostate.edu/forecasts/2006/dec2006/ December 18, 2006 In December 1995, CSU predicted that only 8 named storms would form and 5 of those would become hurricanes; no specific number of major hurricanes was given. However, in April 1996, CSU revised their forecast, stating that 11 named storms would develop, with seven of those intensifying into a hurricane, and three reaching major hurricane intensity. In June, CSU predicted 10 named storms, 6 hurricanes, and 2 major hurricanes. The forecast by the WRC in early 1996 was 10 named storms and 6 hurricanes, though there was no prediction on the number of major hurricanes. Seasonal summary 250px|thumb|right|VISSR Imagery taken on September 2, 1996, of Edouard (top; off the coast of the Northeast U.S.), Fran (bottom left; north of Hispaniola), the remnants of Gustav (right of Fran; in the open Atlantic), and the disturbance that would become Hortense (bottom right; in the Main Development Region). The 1996 Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1,https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=kfgaAAAAIBAJ&pg=5954,380407&dq=hurricane+season+june+1&hl=en Expert: 7 hurricanes are on tap April 5, 1996 Associated Press The Daily News August 3, 2013 but the first named storm did not form until seventeen days later. It was an above average season in which 13 tropical cyclones formed, with all cyclones attaining tropical storm status. Nine of these sixteen attained hurricane status and six of those reached major hurricane status, which was well above the 1980–2010 average of 2.7 per season. Although there was neither an El Niño or a La Niña,http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/ensostuff/ensoyears.shtml Cold and Warm Episode by Season July 5, 2013 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Prediction Center August 3, 2013 the above average activity in the season was likely due to abnormally warm sea surface temperatures. Six hurricanes and three tropical storms made landfall during the season, causing 256 deaths and $6.52 billion in damage.https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-0EFE07E1-8BE7-43EC-9921-5C09A27AB032.pdf Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena June 1996 National Climatic Data Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration May 13, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210513172114/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-0EFE07E1-8BE7-43EC-9921-5C09A27AB032.pdf May 13, 2021 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-BEB1F838-3FB1-4434-8EDD-D5D6EADBAF9F.pdf Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena July 1996 National Climatic Data Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 39–40, 194–195 May 13, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210513173023/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-BEB1F838-3FB1-4434-8EDD-D5D6EADBAF9F.pdf May 13, 2021 https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL021996_Bertha.pdf Preliminary Report: Hurricane Bertha Miles B. Lawrence November 9, 1996 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration May 19, 2021 Richard J. Quirk III Center for Disaster Management and Humanitarian Assistance October 15, 1999 September 26, 2010 Annex B to USCINCSO FuncPlan 6150-98 http://www.cdmha.org/toolkit/cdmha-rltk/PUBLICATIONS/FP6150-99/6150b.doc DOC dead https://web.archive.org/web/20110725151401/http://www.cdmha.org/toolkit/cdmha-rltk/PUBLICATIONS/FP6150-99/6150b.doc July 25, 2011 Associated Press ReliefWeb July 30, 1996 September 26, 2010 Hurricane Douglas leaves at least 35 dead as it crosses from Caribbean to Pacific http://reliefweb.int/report/nicaragua/hurricane-douglas-leaves-least-35-dead-it-crosses-caribbean-pacific Hamilton Spectator July 27, 1996 Three dead after Cesar storms Caracas El Tiempo July 29, 1996 September 27, 2010 San Andrés Toma Aire Luego Del Huracán César http://www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/MAM-419665 https://web.archive.org/web/20120929094059/http://www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/MAM-419665 September 29, 2012 es United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean October 23, 1996 January 14, 2013 Effects of the Damage Caused by Hurricane Cesar on the Development of Costa Rica in 1996 http://www.eclac.cl/publicaciones/xml/4/40884/Hurricane_Cesar_Costa_Rica_1996.pdf dead February 10, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160210035521/http://www.cepal.org/publicaciones/xml/4/40884/Hurricane_Cesar_Costa_Rica_1996.pdf Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters 2013 January 14, 2013 International Disaster Database http://www.emdat.be/database September 6, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160906135830/http://www.emdat.be/database dead Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery 2013 January 14, 2013 Hurricane Cesar Nicaragua 1996 https://www.gfdrr.org/node/625 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20140201223629/https://www.gfdrr.org/node/625 February 1, 2014 mdy Hamilton Spectator July 27, 1996 Three dead after Cesar storms Caracas https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL041996_Dolly.pdf Preliminary Report: Hurricane Dolly Edward N. Rappaport October 3, 1996 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Hurricane Center May 19, 2021 https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL051996_Edouard.pdf Preliminary Report: Hurricane Edouard Richard J. Pasch December 20, 1996 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Hurricane Center May 19, 2021 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena August 1996 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Climatic Data Center https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-76B6C0DB-CF72-4423-9E8C-B18E9FEDCFDD.pdf May 13, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210513173427/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-76B6C0DB-CF72-4423-9E8C-B18E9FEDCFDD.pdf May 13, 2021 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena September 1996 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Climatic Data Center https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-BC523579-0D76-4D8E-92EC-A53F645DAEFD.pdf May 13, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210513173744/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-BC523579-0D76-4D8E-92EC-A53F645DAEFD.pdf May 13, 2021 http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pdf/nws-nhc-6.pdf The deadliest, costliest and most intense United States tropical cyclones from 1851 to 2010 (and other frequently requested hurricane facts) Eric S. Blake Ethan J. Gibney August 2011 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration August 2, 2013 https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL061996_Fran.pdf Preliminary Report: Hurricane Fran B. Max Mayfield October 10, 1996 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration May 19, 2021 http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/reports/fran/fran.html North Carolina Hit By Frantastic Storm! National Climatic Data Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration August 2, 2013 http://www4.ncsu.edu/~nwsfo/storage/cases/19960906/ Hurricane Fran, September 1996 Jonathan Blaes North Carolina State University August 2, 2013 https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL081996_Hortense.pdf Preliminary Report: Hurricane Hortense Lixion A. Avila October 23, 1996 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration May 19, 2021 http://www.ec.gc.ca/hurricane/default.asp?lang=En&n=B4BCC134-1 1996-Hortense September 14, 2010 Environment Canada May 13, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20130313110622/http://www.ec.gc.ca/hurricane/default.asp?lang=En&n=B4BCC134-1 March 13, 2013 https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL101996_Josephine.pdf Preliminary Report: Tropical Storm Josephine Richard J. Pasch February 21, 1997 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration May 19, 2021 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Climatic Data Center Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena October 1996 May 13, 2021 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-AB83CB09-5A4A-42D5-88C9-10BEBF6E8087.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20210513174123/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-AB83CB09-5A4A-42D5-88C9-10BEBF6E8087.pdf May 13, 2021 The Deseret News Associated Press October 9, 1996 Floridians Mop Up After Josephine August 2, 2013 https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=MzFOAAAAIBAJ&pg=5214,4592510&dq=tropical+josephine&hl=en Natural Hazards Review August 2003 Hurricane Vulnerability in Latin America and The Caribbean: Normalized Damage and Loss Potentials http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/Landsea/NHR-Cuba.pdf Roger Pielke Jose Rubiera Christopher W. Landsea Mario Fernandez Roberta Klein 4 3 101 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 10.1061/(ASCE)1527-6988(2003)4:3(101) 2003NHRev...4..101P August 3, 2013 David Longshore Encyclopedia of Hurricanes, Typhoons, and Cyclones, New Edition 110 Facts on File 1998 9781438118796 August 3, 2013 https://books.google.com/books?id=8kXwskQHBLoC&q=tropical+lili+1996+honduras&pg=PA110 Hurricane Marco weakens; Flooding Kills 9 In Honduras Syracuse Herald-Journal November 23, 1996 Reuters Marco, downgraded to tropical storm, nears Jamaica November 20, 1996 Reliefweb March 21, 2013 http://reliefweb.int/report/jamaica/marco-downgraded-storm-nears-jamaica Haiti, Dominican Republic may face floods, mudslides News and Record November 23, 1996 https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=7aRAAAAAIBAJ&pg=6878,3847860&dq=hurricane+haiti&hl=en Marco swamps homes in Honduras November 20, 1996 Lloyd Williams Associated Press Star-Banner March 21, 2013 http://reliefweb.int/report/honduras/honduras-floods-situation-reprot-no5 Honduras Floods Situation Report No. 5 UN Department of Humanitarian Affairs December 5, 1996 ReliefWeb March 21, 2013http://www.meteo.an/Include/Climate2/documents/HurricanesandTropicalStorms.pdf Hurricanes and tropical storms in the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba Meteorological Service of the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba November 6, 2011 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20120402171906/http://www.meteo.an/Include/Climate2/documents/HurricanesandTropicalStorms.pdf April 2, 2012 Hurricane Edouard and Hurricane Marco also caused damage and fatalities, but neither storm made an official landfall. Additionally, the 1996 season was only the second on record in which more than one storm crossed between the Atlantic–Pacific basins (Cesar and Dolly). This record would be tied again 26 years later in 2022.As Julia fades, floods plague Central America Henson Bob October 10, 2022 https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2022/10/as-julia-fades-floods-plague-central-america/ Yale Climate Connections New Haven, Connecticut October 10, 2022 Tropical cyclogenesis in the 1996 Atlantic hurricane season began with the development of Tropical Storm Arthur on June 17. In the month of July, two tropical cyclones formed, both of which later attained hurricane status. August was the most active month of the season, with a total of four storms developing in that period of time. The month of August also featured the strongest and costliest tropical cyclones of the season, Hurricane Edouard and Hurricane Fran, respectively.http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/lib/lib1/nhclib/mwreviews/1996.pdf Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1996 Pasch, Richard Avila, Lixion May 1999 National Hurricane Center September 25, 2011 Although September is the climatological peak of hurricane season,http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/G1.html Subject: G1) When is hurricane season ? Dorst Neal January 21, 2010 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration September 25, 2011 only two tropical cyclones developed in that month. Despite this, both reached major hurricane status. Three tropical cyclones formed in October, with one attaining hurricane status. Finally, one tropical cyclone developed in November, Hurricane Marco. The storm lasted 10 days before dissipating on November 26. The season's activity was reflected with an Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) index of 166.Hurricane Research Division National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration March 2011 Atlantic basin Comparison of Original and Revised HURDAT July 23, 2011 http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/Comparison_of_Original_and_Revised_HURDAT_mar11.html ACE is, broadly speaking, a measure of the power of the hurricane multiplied by the length of time it existed, so storms that last a long time, as well as particularly strong hurricanes, have high ACEs. It is only calculated for full advisories on tropical systems at or exceeding 39 mph km/h on, which is the threshold for tropical storm strength.David Levinson August 20, 2008 2005 Atlantic Ocean Tropical Cyclones National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Climatic Data Center July 23, 2011 http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/research/2005/2005-atlantic-trop-cyclones.html December 1, 2005 https://web.archive.org/web/20051201033336/https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/research/2005/2005-atlantic-trop-cyclones.html dead Systems Tropical Storm Arthur Atl File:Arthur 1996-06-19 1215Z.png Arthur 1996 path.png June 17 June 21 40 1002 An area of increasing convection, possibly associated with a tropical wave, developed into Tropical Depression One on June 17 at 1800 UTC, while located near Grand Bahama. Initially, the depression moved north-northwestward and then northward around the western periphery of an Atlantic subtropical ridge. Despite moderately strong wind shear, the depression strengthened and was upgraded to Tropical Storm Arthur while re-curving northeastward at 0000 UTC on June 19. About 24 hours later, Arthur made landfall near Cape Lookout, North Carolina, with winds of 45 mph km/h on. The storm weakened to a tropical depression early on June 20, before becoming extratropical the next day.https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL011996_Arthur.pdf Preliminary Report: Tropical Storm Arthur B. Max Mayfield August 19, 1996 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration May 19, 2021 On June 18, a tropical storm warning was issued from Edisto Beach, South Carolina to Cape Lookout, North Carolina. Shortly thereafter, a tropical storm watch was issued north of Cape Lookout to the North Carolina/Virginia border, including Pamlico and Albemarle Sounds and later extended northward to Cape Charles, Virginia, including Virginia Beach. By June 19, all advisories were discontinued. In North Carolina, swells ranged as high as 7 ft (2.1 m). Rainfall peaked at 5.85 in mm on near Georgetown, South Carolina, though because it fell gradually, only minor street flooding resulted.National Climatic Data Center Event Record Details: Tropical Storm 1996 October 16, 2025 http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~267564 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20110520005456/http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~267564 May 20, 2011 Arthur also brought light precipitation to Georgia and Virginia. On land, sustained winds peaked at 38 mph km/h on at Ocracoke, North Carolina, which also recorded gusts up to 45 mph (75 km/h). Overall, damage from Arthur totaled about $1 million.National Climatic Data Center Event Record Details: Tropical Storm 1996 November 21, 2011 http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~267566 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20110520005444/http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~267566 May 20, 2011 Hurricane Bertha Atl Bertha 1996-07-08 1845Z.png Bertha 1996 path.png July 5 July 14 100 960 Hurricane Bertha (1996) A tropical wave developed into Tropical Depression Two at 0000 UTC on July 5, while located about 575 mi km east of Cape Verde. Twelve hours later, it was upgraded to Tropical Storm Bertha. Over the next few days, it continued to strengthen, becoming a hurricane on July 7, prior to moving through the northern Leeward Islands. A period of rapid intensification began late on July 8, with Bertha peaking as a Category 3 hurricane with winds of 115 mph km/h on on the following day. Moving around the western periphery of a subtropical ridge, Bertha passed north of the Bahamas as a weakening hurricane before turning towards the north-northeast and re-strengthened. Late on July 12, Bertha made landfall between Wrightsville Beach and Topsail Beach, North Carolina with winds of 90 mph km/h on. Gradual weakening ensued the following day as Bertha moved up the Mid-Atlantic states and into New England before becoming extratropical on July 14. In the United States Virgin Islands, heavy rainfall and hurricane-force winds damaged about 2,500 homes, of which 43 lost their roofs. Many boats were destroyed. Total damage was estimated near $7.5 million. The storm caused 3 deaths in Puerto Rico. Additionally, damage in Puerto Rico totaled $7.5 million. Two deaths were confirmed in Saint Martin. The storm caused numerous power outages and damaged 10 homes in Antigua and Barbuda.http://reliefweb.int/report/barbados/caribbean-hurricane-bertha-dha-geneva-information-report-no-3-9-july-1996 Caribbean Hurricane Bertha, DHA-Geneva Information Report No 3, 9 July 1996 July 9, 1996 UN Department of Humanitarian Affairs ReliefWeb February 22, 2013 Four deaths occurred in Florida, three of which due to rip currents.https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-BEB1F838-3FB1-4434-8EDD-D5D6EADBAF9F.pdf Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena: July 1996 National Climatic Data Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 39–40, 194–195 May 13, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210513173023/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-BEB1F838-3FB1-4434-8EDD-D5D6EADBAF9F.pdf May 13, 2021 North Carolina bore the brunt of the hurricane in the United States. Storm surge destroyed several fishing piers, marinas, and boats. A combination of storm surge and strong winds damaged over 5,000 homes and buildings, with at least 4 destroyed. There were 2 deaths in the state. The remnants brought local flooding and minor wind damage to the Mid-Atlantic, New England, and Atlantic Canada.http://www.ec.gc.ca/hurricane/default.asp?lang=En&n=F78C7ED6-1 1996-Bertha September 14, 2010 Environment Canada May 13, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20130313110548/http://www.ec.gc.ca/hurricane/default.asp?lang=En&n=F78C7ED6-1 March 13, 2013 One surfer died in New Jersey.https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL021996_Bertha.pdf Preliminary Report: Hurricane Bertha Miles B. Lawrence November 9, 1996 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration May 19, 2021 Overall, the storm caused 12 deaths and about $285 million in damage, primarily in eastern North Carolina. Hurricane Cesar Atl Cesar 1996-07-28 0345Z.jpg Cesar-Douglas 1996 path.png July 24 July 28 (Exited basin) 75 985 Hurricane Cesar–Douglas A tropical wave emerged into the Atlantic from the west coast of Africa on July 17. It developed into Tropical Depression Three near Isla Margarita of Venezuela on July 24. The depression headed westward, steered by a strong high pressure area over the Bahamas. On July 25, the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Cesar. Around that time, it struck Curaçao.https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL031996_Cesar.pdf Preliminary Report: Hurricane Cesar Miles B. Lawrence August 27, 1996 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration May 19, 2021 Cesar caused minor damage in the ABC islands to roofs and trees; one person drowned in heavy surf on Curaçao. An additional three people drowned offshore Venezuela.Hamilton Spectator July 27, 1996 Three dead after Cesar storms Caracas In Colombia, heavy rainfall caused 3 deaths,Richard J. Quirk III Center for Disaster Management and Humanitarian Assistance October 15, 1999 September 26, 2010 Annex B to USCINCSO FuncPlan 6150-98 http://www.cdmha.org/toolkit/cdmha-rltk/PUBLICATIONS/FP6150-99/6150b.doc DOC dead https://web.archive.org/web/20110725151401/http://www.cdmha.org/toolkit/cdmha-rltk/PUBLICATIONS/FP6150-99/6150b.doc July 25, 2011 2 of which were from a mudslide in Pueblo Bello.Lakeland Ledger July 28, 1996 Caesar Blamed for Avalanche August 3, 2013 https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=4bwwAAAAIBAJ&pg=5570,4264762&dq=cesar+colombia&hl=en Strong winds and significant amounts of precipitation lashed the Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina, unroofing 60 homes, and resulting in 11 fatalities,Associated Press ReliefWeb July 30, 1996 September 26, 2010 Hurricane Douglas leaves at least 35 dead as it crosses from Caribbean to Pacific http://reliefweb.int/report/nicaragua/hurricane-douglas-leaves-least-35-dead-it-crosses-caribbean-pacific and resulting in 800 million COP ($440,00 USD) in damage.El Tiempo July 29, 1996 September 27, 2010 San Andrés Toma Aire Luego Del Huracán César http://www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/MAM-419665 https://web.archive.org/web/20120929094059/http://www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/MAM-419665 September 29, 2012 es The storm continued westward and intensified into a hurricane on July 27. At 0400 UTC on July 28, Cesar made landfall near Bluefields, Nicaragua, with winds of 85 mph km/h on. After weakening to a tropical storm later that day, Cesar moved into the Pacific and was reclassified as Tropical Storm Douglas on July 29. In Nicaragua, the storm wrought about $50.5 million in losses. More than 2,500 homes, 39 bridges and 25 mi km of roads were destroyed. The storm killed 42 people and left an estimated 100,000 homeless in Nicaragua.es Enfoque Integral Para El Análisis Probabilista Del Riesgo Análisis Probabilista De Amenazas y Riesgos Naturales Revisión De Eventos Históricos Importantes 2009 September 27, 2010 http://www.ecapra.org/capra_wiki/es_wiki/images/8/84/Eventos_Hist%C3%B3ricos_Importantes_NIC.pdf 53 https://web.archive.org/web/20120313043319/http://www.ecapra.org/capra_wiki/es_wiki/images/8/84/Eventos_Hist%C3%B3ricos_Importantes_NIC.pdf March 13, 2012 In Costa Rica, river flooding damaged or destroyed 3,874 homes; 150 bridges were also destroyed. The road network was significantly damaged.http://reliefweb.int/report/costa-rica/costa-rica-hurricane-cesar-situation-report-no-5-23-august-1996 Costa Rica - Hurricane Cesar Situation Report No. 5, 23 August 1996 August 23, 1996 ReliefWeb United Nations Department of Humanitarian Affairs January 22, 2010 Across the country, at least 39 people were killed and damage amounted to $151 million.United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean October 23, 1996 January 14, 2013 Effects of the Damage Caused by Hurricane Cesar on the Development of Costa Rica in 1996 http://www.eclac.cl/publicaciones/xml/4/40884/Hurricane_Cesar_Costa_Rica_1996.pdf February 10, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160210035521/http://www.cepal.org/publicaciones/xml/4/40884/Hurricane_Cesar_Costa_Rica_1996.pdf Additionally, 12 people died in El Salvador.http://reliefweb.int/report/nicaragua/hurricane-cesar-kills-28-central-america Hurricane Cesar Kills 28 in Central America July 29, 1996 ReliefWeb Reuters January 22, 2010 Overall, Cesar caused 113 deaths and $202.96 million in damage.* Hamilton Spectator July 27, 1996 Three dead after Cesar storms Caracas Richard J. Quirk III Center for Disaster Management and Humanitarian Assistance October 15, 1999 September 26, 2010 Annex B to USCINCSO FuncPlan 6150-98 http://www.cdmha.org/toolkit/cdmha-rltk/PUBLICATIONS/FP6150-99/6150b.doc DOC dead https://web.archive.org/web/20110725151401/http://www.cdmha.org/toolkit/cdmha-rltk/PUBLICATIONS/FP6150-99/6150b.doc July 25, 2011 Associated Press ReliefWeb July 30, 1996 September 26, 2010 Hurricane Douglas leaves at least 35 dead as it crosses from Caribbean to Pacific http://reliefweb.int/report/nicaragua/hurricane-douglas-leaves-least-35-dead-it-crosses-caribbean-pacific El Tiempo July 29, 1996 September 27, 2010 San Andrés Toma Aire Luego Del Huracán César http://www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/MAM-419665 https://web.archive.org/web/20120929094059/http://www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/MAM-419665 September 29, 2012 es es Enfoque Integral Para El Análisis Probabilista Del Riesgo Análisis Probabilista De Amenazas y Riesgos Naturales Revisión De Eventos Históricos Importantes 2009 September 27, 2010 http://www.ecapra.org/capra_wiki/es_wiki/images/8/84/Eventos_Hist%C3%B3ricos_Importantes_NIC.pdf 53 https://web.archive.org/web/20120313043319/http://www.ecapra.org/capra_wiki/es_wiki/images/8/84/Eventos_Hist%C3%B3ricos_Importantes_NIC.pdf March 13, 2012 http://reliefweb.int/report/nicaragua/hurricane-cesar-kills-28-central-america Hurricane Cesar Kills 28 in Central America July 29, 1996 ReliefWeb Reuters January 22, 2010 United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean October 23, 1996 January 14, 2013 Effects of the Damage Caused by Hurricane Cesar on the Development of Costa Rica in 1996 http://www.eclac.cl/publicaciones/xml/4/40884/Hurricane_Cesar_Costa_Rica_1996.pdf February 10, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160210035521/http://www.cepal.org/publicaciones/xml/4/40884/Hurricane_Cesar_Costa_Rica_1996.pdf Hurricane Dolly Atl Dolly 1996-08-20 1545Z.png Dolly 1996 path.png August 19 August 24 (Exited basin) 70 988 Hurricane Dolly (1996) A tropical wave developed into Tropical Depression Four at 0600 UTC on August 19, while located west-southwest of Jamaica. The system strengthened into Tropical Storm Dolly about twelve hours later. Dolly headed westward and intensified into a Category 1 hurricane late on August 20. It then made landfall near Chetumal, Quintana Roo with winds of 75 mph km/h on. The system weakened to a tropical depression on August 21. Later that day or early on August 22, Dolly emerged into the Bay of Campeche and quickly re-strengthened into a tropical storm. The storm deepened further and was upgraded to a hurricane again at 1200 UTC on August 23; Dolly simultaneously peaked with winds of 80 mph km/h on. Around that time, it struck between Tuxpan, Veracruz and Tampico, Tamaulipas. Dolly quickly weakened to a tropical depression early on August 24, but remained intact while crossing Mexico and dissipated over the eastern Pacific Ocean on August 25.https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL041996_Dolly.pdf Preliminary Report: Hurricane Dolly Edward N. Rappaport October 3, 1996 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Hurricane Center May 19, 2021 The storm brought heavy rainfall to much of Mexico, peaking at 37.41 in mm. In Quintana Roo, flooding destroyed a large amount of farmlands. Widespread flooding occurred after a river in the Pueblo Viejo area overflowed its banks. Hundreds of homes were destroyed, displacing about 35,000 people. Large scale evacuations occurred in San Luis Potosí, while about 6,500 fled their homes in the Tampico area. Communications and power outages were reported as far west as Mazatlán, Sinaloa. Throughout Mexico, there were fourteen fatalities reported, six in Veracruz, three in Nuevo León, and one in Monterrey. Additionally, two people were left missing in Nuevo León. The outer bands of Dolly brought rainfall to southern Texas, which caused minor flooding, but was mostly beneficial due to drought conditions in the state. Hurricane Edouard Atl Edouard 1996-08-25 1415Z.png Edouard 1996 path.png August 19 September 3 125 933 Hurricane Edouard (1996) A tropical wave developed into Tropical Depression Five on August 19, while located about 345 mi km southeast of Cape Verde. The depression moved westward and strengthened into Tropical Storm Edouard on August 22. Further intensification occurred, with the storm being upgraded to a hurricane on the following day. Early on August 24, the storm re-curved west-northwestward and began to undergo rapid deepening. At 0600 UTC on August 25, Edouard attained its maximum sustained winds of 145 mph km/h on and a minimum barometric pressure of 933 mbar inHg on; it was the most intense tropical cyclone of the season. The storm remained a major hurricane for nearly eight days. Edouard passed well north of the Lesser Antilles and then began re-curving northward on August 29. Later, the storm passed midway between Cape Hatteras and Bermuda on September 1. Edouard approached Nantucket, Massachusetts, but turned to the east before reaching land. On September 3, the storm weakened and became extratropical. It was absorbed by a larger system on September 7.https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL051996_Edouard.pdf Preliminary Report: Hurricane Edouard Richard J. Pasch December 20, 1996 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Hurricane Center May 19, 2021 Edouard brought rough seas and gusty winds along the East Coast of the United States from South Carolina northward. Strong waves in New Jersey drowned 2 people. Minor erosion and coastal flooding also occurred in several states, especially in New York and Massachusetts.Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena August 1996 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Climatic Data Center https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-76B6C0DB-CF72-4423-9E8C-B18E9FEDCFDD.pdf May 13, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210513173427/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-76B6C0DB-CF72-4423-9E8C-B18E9FEDCFDD.pdf May 13, 2021 In the latter, wind gusts up to 90 mph km/h on left two-thirds of Nantucket, most of Cape Cod, and all of Martha's Vineyard without electricity. Gusty winds in Maine left about 1,900 without power in Portland.Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena September 1996 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Climatic Data Center https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-BC523579-0D76-4D8E-92EC-A53F645DAEFD.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20210513173744/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-BC523579-0D76-4D8E-92EC-A53F645DAEFD.pdf May 13, 2021 Damage in the United States totaled about $20 million.http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pdf/nws-nhc-6.pdf The deadliest, costliest and most intense United States tropical cyclones from 1851 to 2010 (and other frequently requested hurricane facts) Eric S. Blake Ethan J. Gibney August 2011 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration August 2, 2013 In Canada, the storm brought rainfall up to 5.35 in mm and gusts to 75 mph km/h on. Rough seas disrupted ferry service and caused the closure of several beaches.http://www.ec.gc.ca/hurricane/default.asp?lang=En&n=51B00175-1 1996-Edouard September 14, 2010 Environment Canada May 13, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20130313110559/http://www.ec.gc.ca/hurricane/default.asp?lang=En&n=51B00175-1 March 13, 2013 Hurricane Fran Atl Fran 1996-09-04 1515Z.png Fran 1996 path.png August 23 September 8 105 946 Hurricane Fran A tropical wave developed into Tropical Depression Six on August 23, while located southeast of Cape Verde. The depression moved westward for several days and was upgraded to Tropical Storm Fran on August 27 while 1,035 mi km east of the Lesser Antilles. Fran tracked west-northwestward and intensified into a hurricane on August 29. However, Fran became less organized after a disruption to inflow due to Hurricane Edouard and weakened back to a tropical storm. Fran quickly re-intensified into a hurricane by August 31. While moving west-northwestward and then north-northwestward, the storm slowly strengthened. At 0000 UTC on September 5, Fran peaked as a Category 3 hurricane with maximum sustained winds of 120 mph km/h on and a minimum barometric pressure of 946 mbar inHg on. Early on the following day, the storm made landfall near Cape Fear, North Carolina at the same intensity. Fran weakened and moved inland, becoming extratropical over Ontario on September 8. Its remnants moved over the Great Lakes and were absorbed by a front on September 10.https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL061996_Fran.pdf Preliminary Report: Hurricane Fran B. Max Mayfield October 10, 1996 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration May 19, 2021 In South Carolina, the outer bands of Fran produced high winds and light to moderate rainfall, downing numerous trees and power lines. As a result, a number of cars were damaged and over 63,000 people were left without electricity. Damage in South Carolina reached about $40 million. The state of North Carolina bore the brunt of the storm. Wind gusts as strong as 137 mph km/h on were reported. Additionally, storm tide heights ranging from 8 to 12 ft m lashed the coast. Damage was most severe in the Raleigh area, exceeding $2 billion. Several hundred thousand falling trees damaged at least 10,000 homes. Throughout the state, approximately 1.7 million people were left without electricity. Damage in North Carolina reached about $5.1 billion, with about $2.3 billion to homes and businesses, $1.1 billion to public property, $1 billion to forestry and timber, and $700 million to agriculture.http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/reports/fran/fran.html North Carolina Hit By Frantastic Storm! National Climatic Data Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration August 2, 2013 Elsewhere, Fran brought flooding to several states, including Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, Ohio, and Pennsylvania, as well as Washington, D.C. Outside North Carolina, effects were worst in Virginia, where flooding and winds left 400,000 people without electricity and caused about $350 million in damage. Hurricane Fran was responsible for 37 deaths, with 24 of them in North Carolina.http://www4.ncsu.edu/~nwsfo/storage/cases/19960906/ Hurricane Fran, September 1996 Jonathan Blaes North Carolina State University August 2, 2013 Property damage in the United States was estimated at $5 billion.Costliest U.S. tropical cyclones tables updated https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/news/UpdatedCostliest.pdf National Hurricane Center January 26, 2018 February 4, 2018 Miami, Florida Tropical Storm Gustav Atl Gustav 1996-08-29 1515Z.png Gustav 1996 path.png August 26 September 2 40 1005 An area of disturbed weather, accompanied with a low-level circulation, emerged into the Atlantic from the west coast of Africa on August 24. It organized further over the next few days, becoming Tropical Depression Seven on August 26, while located about 150 mi km south of Cape Verde. With a ridge to its north, the system moved west-southwestward. Conditions were initially unfavorable for development due to outflow from Hurricane Fran. On August 28, the depression began moving northwestward due to an approaching trough. Around the same time, the influence from Fran decreased, allowing it to intensify into Tropical Storm Gustav on August 28. At 0000 UTC on August 29, Gustav reached its peak intensity as a 45 mph km/h on and a minimum barometric pressure of 1005 mbar inHg on. Thereafter, the trough previously causing the storm's northwestward motion transitioned into an upper-level low, increasing shear across the region. As a result, the storm slowly weakened and was downgraded to a tropical depression late on September 1. Gustav dissipated at 0600 UTC on the following day, while situated about 1015 mi km east-northeast of the northernmost Lesser Antilles.https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL071996_Gustav.pdf Preliminary Report: Tropical Storm Gustav Miles B. Lawrence November 28, 1996 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration May 19, 2021 Hurricane Hortense Atl Hortense 1996-09-12 2145Z.png Hortense 1996 path.png September 3 September 15 120 935 Hurricane Hortense A tropical wave developed into Tropical Depression Eight on September 3, while located about halfway between the Lesser Antilles and Cape Verde. The depression headed westward and barely strengthened until becoming Tropical Storm Hortense early on September 7. Hortense passed over Guadeloupe on the following day and entered the Caribbean Sea. It strengthened into a hurricane on September 9 and then curved northwestward. The storm intensified slightly further, before making landfall near Guánica, Puerto Rico with winds of 80 mph km/h on at 0600 UTC on September 10. It soon moved back offshore and brushed Dominican Republic while crossing the Mona Passage. After re-entering the Atlantic, Hortense substantially strengthened and peaked as a 140 mph km/h on Category 4 hurricane early on September 13. Thereafter, the storm weakened as it tracked rapidly north-northeastward. Early on September 15, Hortense made landfall in Nova Scotia as a minimal Category 1 hurricane. It quickly weakened further to a tropical storm before re-entering the Atlantic and became extratropical later that day.https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL081996_Hortense.pdf Preliminary Report: Hurricane Hortense Lixion A. Avila October 23, 1996 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration May 19, 2021 The storm produced heavy rainfall and gusty winds as it passed through the Lesser Antilles. On Guadeloupe, damage was most significant to crops, with over 50% of banana plantains destroyed.fr http://www.senat.fr/rap/r99-444/r99-4441.pdf Session ordinaire de 1999-2000: Rapport d'information M. Louis-Ferdinand SÉNAT June 26, 2000 August 3, 2013 56https://books.google.com/books?id=LbuIQ78B4s8C 200 Aain Yacou KARTHALA Editions, 1999 Les catastrophes naturelles aux Antilles: D'une Soufrière à une autre January 1999 9782865378654 fr Localized flooding was reported on Martinique.https://books.google.com/books?id=Hfw8U3o_WVUC Dossier spécial environnement: Micro insularité et dégradations des milieux marins : l'exemple de la Caraïbe Pascal Saffache Editions Publibook, 2006 36 October 19, 2011 2006 9782748331677 fr Impact was most significant in Puerto Rico. Across the island, 11,463 houses were severely damaged. About 1.4 million people on Puerto Rico were left without electricity – equivalent to about 40% of the island's population.Hortense Grows Stronger, Moves North Through Atlantic September 12, 1996 The Augusta Chronicle Damage in Puerto Rico was estimated at $153.4 million. There were also 19 deaths, most of which due to drowning during flash floods. In the Dominican Republic, strong winds damaged a number of buildings and houses, and downed several power lines. Flooding also forced the closure of several roads and impacted 80% of crops in Samaná Province. At least 3 fatalities were confirmed in that country. The storm brought strong winds to the Bahamas and Turks and Caicos Islands, and lesser winds to Bermuda.http://www.wunderground.com/history/station/78016/1996/9/13/DailyHistory.html History for Saint David's, Bermuda Weather Underground May 13, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20141104132052/http://www.wunderground.com/history/station/78016/1996/9/13/DailyHistory.html November 4, 2014http://www.wunderground.com/history/station/78016/1996/9/14/DailyHistory.html History for Saint David's, Bermuda Weather Underground May 13, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20141104131201/http://www.wunderground.com/history/station/78016/1996/9/14/DailyHistory.html November 4, 2014 Later in its duration, Hortense struck Nova Scotia, bringing heavy rainfall and hurricane-force winds to isolated locations. There were many power outages, trees blown down, roofs torn away, and roads damaged in the province. New Brunswick, Newfoundland, and Prince Edward Island were also impacted, though not as severely as in Nova Scotia. Damage in Atlantic Canada reached approximately $3.64 million.http://www.ec.gc.ca/hurricane/default.asp?lang=En&n=B4BCC134-1 1996-Hortense September 14, 2010 Environment Canada May 13, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20130313110622/http://www.ec.gc.ca/hurricane/default.asp?lang=En&n=B4BCC134-1 March 13, 2013 Hurricane Isidore Atl Isidore 1996-09-27 1915Z.png Isidore 1996 path.png September 24 October 1 100 960 A tropical wave with a well-defined circulation developed into Tropical Depression Nine at 1200 UTC on September 24, while located south of Cape Verde. Due to an anticyclone to its north, the depression initially moved west-northwestward. After convection wrapped around the circulation and banding features increased, the National Hurricane Center upgraded the depression to Tropical Storm Isidore on September 25. Isidore deepened further and began developing an eye feature. Early on September 26, the storm was upgraded to a hurricane. About 24 hours later, it reached Category 2 intensity. At 0000 UTC on September 28, Isidore attained its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 115 mph km/h on and a minimum barometric pressure of 960 mbar (hPa; 28.35 inHg).https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL091996_Isidore.pdf Preliminary Report: Hurricane Isidore Edward N. Rappaport November 1, 1996 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration May 19, 2021 After reaching peak intensity on September 28, steering current from a quasi-stationary mid- to upper-level low pressure area turned Isidore northward. Later that day, the eye feature disappeared and the storm began weakening due to strong upper-level winds. On September 28, Isidore weakened to a Category 2 hurricane. By the following day, it was downgraded to a Category 1 hurricane. Early on September 30, Isidore weakened to a tropical storm. The storm deteriorated further and was downgraded to a tropical depression at 1200 UTC on the following day. Because much of the deep convection diminished, Isidore was declared extratropical at 0000 UTC on October 1, while located about 490 mi km west-southwest of Flores Island in the Azores. Tropical Storm Josephine Atl File:Josephine 1996-10-07 1515Z.png Josephine 1996 path.png October 4 October 8 60 981 Tropical Storm Josephine (1996) Tropical Depression Ten developed from the remnants of a cold front in the southwestern Gulf of Mexico on October 6. Moving generally eastward, the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Josephine on October 6. The next day, it peaked with winds of 70 mph km/h on. Josephine made landfall in Taylor County, Florida near peak intensity early on October 8. Shortly after moving inland, the storm became extratropical.https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL101996_Josephine.pdf Preliminary Report: Tropical Storm Josephine Richard J. Pasch February 21, 1997 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration May 19, 2021 Early in its duration, the system interacted with a ridge, resulting in strong winds and high tides in Texas. The outer bands caused flooding rainfall in southern Texas,National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Climatic Data Center Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena October 1996 May 13, 2021 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-AB83CB09-5A4A-42D5-88C9-10BEBF6E8087.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20210513174123/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-AB83CB09-5A4A-42D5-88C9-10BEBF6E8087.pdf May 13, 2021 and in Louisiana, high tides flooded roads and stranded residents on Grand Isle.Associated Press The Southeast Missourian October 7, 1996 Storm hits Gulf Coast August 2, 2013 https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=LTEjAAAAIBAJ&pg=4227,4015982&dq=tropical+josephine&hl=en In Florida, the storm produced a storm surge reaching 9.3 ft m in Suwannee. High tides flooded about 3,600 houses along the west coast. Strong winds left about 400,000 people without power.Williamson Daily News October 9, 1996 Hurricane Josephine Leaves Behind Soggy Coast Associated Press June 30, 2013 https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=erxDAAAAIBAJ&pg=3305,517559&dq=tropical+josephine&hl=en The storm also spawned at least 16 tornadoes, one of which damaged 130 homes. The extratropical remnants of Josephine moved along the eastern coast of the United States, producing wind gusts as strong as 77 mph km/h on in St. Mary's County and in Ocean City, Maryland. The winds caused widespread power outages, including 26,000 in Virginia and 31,000 in New Jersey.Jon Frank Speedy Storm Stirs up a Mess Tropical Storm Josephine Dumped 5 Inches of Rain Tuesday on Hampton Roads, Flooding Streets and Knocking Out Power to 26,000 Customers. Its Winds, Which Exceeded 60 MPH, Caused Scattered Damage But No Fatalities October 9, 1996 The Virginian Pilot August 2, 2013 http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-73148810.html https://web.archive.org/web/20121022135750/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-73148810.html HighBeam Research subscription usurped Norfolk, VA October 22, 2012 Heavy rainfall flooded low-lying areas and rivers along the storm's path, including in North Carolina which had previously been affected by hurricanes Bertha and Fran earlier in the year. In the Southeastern United States, the storm contributed to dozens of traffic accidents, which killed a person each in Georgia, North Carolina, and Virginia.The Deseret News Associated Press October 9, 1996 Floridians Mop Up After Josephine August 2, 2013 https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=MzFOAAAAIBAJ&pg=5214,4592510&dq=tropical+josephine&hl=en Damage throughout the United States totaled about $130 million. Josephine later moved offshore, and after passing southeast of Cape Cod, moved through Atlantic Canada with moderate rainfall and gusty winds.Environment Canada September 14, 2010 1996-Josephine May 13, 2021 http://www.ec.gc.ca/Hurricane/default.asp?lang=En&n=298350D9-1 https://web.archive.org/web/20130313110633/http://www.ec.gc.ca/Hurricane/default.asp?lang=En&n=298350D9-1 March 13, 2013 Tropical Storm Kyle Atl File:Kyle 1996-10-11 1745Z.png Kyle 1996 path.png October 11 October 12 45 1001 A tropical wave exited the west coast of Africa on September 27 and crossed the Atlantic and Caribbean before eventually developing into Tropical Depression Eleven on October 11. The depression drifted slowly southwestward and strengthened into Tropical Storm Kyle later that day. Slightly further intensification occurred and Kyle peaked as a 50 mph km/h on tropical storm early on October 12. However, upper-level southwesterly shear caused Kyle to quickly weaken back to a tropical depression later that day. At 1800 UTC on October 12, Kyle made landfall in eastern Guatemala with winds of 30 mph km/h on. By early on October 13, the storm had completely dissipated inland.https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL111996_Kyle.pdf Preliminary Report: Tropical Storm Kyle B. Max Mayfield November 5, 1996 National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration May 19, 2021 Portions of the coasts of Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, and Mexico were under a tropical storm warning or hurricane watch as Kyle was approaching; however they were cancelled after Kyle weakened back to a tropical depression. Impact from Kyle was minimal and limited to light rainfall in the countries of Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, and the Yucatán Peninsula of Mexico. In Belize, rainfall peaked at 2.32 in mm.https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article-abstract/35/2/111/129765/Stalagmite-stable-isotope-record-of-recent Amy Benoit Frappier Dork Sahagian Scott J. Carpenter Luis A. González Brian R. Frappier Stalagmite stable isotope record of recent tropical cyclone events February 2007 10.1130/G23145A.1 111–114 2007Geo....35..111B Geology 35 2 February 5, 2021 subscription Rainfall to the northwest of the center of Kyle was heavier, with some areas of Mexico's Yucatán Peninsula receiving over 3 in mm; precipitation peaked at 5.71 in mm in Tulum.http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/kyle1996.html May 6, 2009 Tropical Storm Kyle – October 10–13, 1996 David M. Roth Weather Prediction Center August 3, 2013 Hurricane Lili Atl Lili 1996-10-19 1615Z.png Lili 1996 path.png October 14 October 27 100 960 Hurricane Lili (1996) A tropical wave developed into Tropical Depression Twelve on October 14. After the storm formed, further strengthening of Lili was gradual, first to tropical storm status on October 16 and then to hurricane status on October 17. The next day, Lili made landfall in Matanzas Province, Cuba with winds of 100 mph km/h on and moved across the central portion of the island; it was first hurricane to hit the country since Kate in 1985.Agence France-Presse October 17, 1996 Hurricane Lili closes in on Cuba ReliefWeb September 7, 2013 http://reliefweb.int/report/cuba/hurricane-lili-closes-cuba After emerging into the Atlantic Ocean, the hurricane accelerated northeastward, briefly peaking as a Category 3 hurricane with winds of 115 mph km/h on near the Bahamas on October 19. For almost an entire week, Hurricane Lili oscillated in intensity while fluctuating several times in forward speed. About two weeks passed before Lili transitioned into an extratropical storm north of the Azores on October 27, which subsequently moved across Ireland and Great Britain.https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL121996_Lili.pdf Preliminary Report: Hurricane Lili Miles B. Lawrence November 18, 1996 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Hurricane Center May 19, 2021 Early in its duration, Lili caused flooding in Central America that left thousands homeless and killed 14 people. In Cuba, 269,995 people were evacuated in advance of Lili, resulting in no deaths in the country.International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies ReliefWeb March 4, 1997 Hurricane Lili Situation Report No. 2 August 3, 2013 http://reliefweb.int/report/cuba/hurricane-lili-situation-report-no-2 Damage was heaviest in Cuba, mostly due to the hurricane's heavy rainfall peaking at 29.41 in mm.es Instituto Nacional de Recursos Hidráulicos 2003 Lluvias intensas observadas y grandes inundaciones reportadas August 3, 2013 http://www.hidro.cu/hidrologia1.htm dead https://web.archive.org/web/20120603052955/http://www.hidro.cu/hidrologia1.htm June 3, 2012 mdy The hurricane affected 11 Cuban provinces, damaging 92,542 houses and destroying another 6,369. The rains heavily damaged the sugar cane and banana crops.United Nations Department of Humanitarian Affairs October 28, 1996 Hurricane Lili Situation Report No. 8 ReliefWeb August 3, 2013 http://reliefweb.int/report/cuba/cuba-hurricane-lili-situation-report-no8 Overall, damage in the country was estimated at $362 million.Natural Hazards Review August 2003 Hurricane Vulnerability in Latin America and The Caribbean: Normalized Damage and Loss Potentials http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/Landsea/NHR-Cuba.pdf Roger Pielke Jose Rubiera Christopher W. Landsea Mario Fernandez Roberta Klein 4 3 101 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 10.1061/(ASCE)1527-6988(2003)4:3(101) 2003NHRev...4..101P August 3, 2013 In nearby Florida, one person died after being swept into a drain during the storm's heavy rains.Pablo Alfonso Peter Whoriskey Cyril T. Zaneski October 19, 1996 The Miami Herald S. Florida dodges another one August 3, 2013 http://www2.fiu.edu/~fcf/lili.cuba.html dead https://web.archive.org/web/20120919210722/http://www2.fiu.edu/~fcf/lili.cuba.html September 19, 2012 Moisture from Lili also fueled a storm that struck the northeastern United States, which contributed indirectly to a death when a man in Maine tried to drive across a flooded roadway. Damage in the Bahamas was not severe and was limited to some damaged roofs and downed trees.http://idol.union.edu/garverj/Geo35/hurricane/Damage.htm Some effects of Hurricane Lili (Oct 1996) John Garver January 3, 2003 Union College August 3, 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20110514232641/http://idol.union.edu/garverj/Geo35/hurricane/Damage.htm May 14, 2011 live mdy When the remnants of Lili struck Ireland and the United Kingdom, it produced strong winds and high seas that damaged hundreds of houses, causing $300 million in damage and six deaths.David Longshore Encyclopedia of Hurricanes, Typhoons, and Cyclones, New Edition 110 Facts on File 1998 9781438118796 August 3, 2013 https://books.google.com/books?id=8kXwskQHBLoC&q=tropical+lili+1996+honduras&pg=PA110 Hurricane Marco Atl Marco 1996-11-20 1345Z.png Marco 1996 path.png November 16 November 26 65 983 Hurricane Marco (1996) A cold front interacted with several tropical waves, eventually spawning Tropical Depression Thirteen late on November 16, while southwest of Jamaica. Initially a tropical depression, it remained weak while tracking southwestward and eventually southward. On November 19, the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Marco. It re-curved eastward and continued to strengthen, briefly becoming a hurricane on November 20. Marco weakened back to a tropical storm later that day. The storm turned northeastward toward Hispaniola, but later became stationary before curing eastward. Afterwards Marco doubled-back to the west. After weakening to a tropical depression on November 23, Marco became a tropical storm again on the following day. Thereafter, it tracked northwestward while fluctuating in intensity, before dissipating on November 26.https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL131996_Marco.pdf Preliminary Report: Hurricane Marco May 19, 2021 Lixion A. Avila December 3, 1996 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Hurricane Center Although it did not make landfall, Marco produced heavy rainfall in the Greater Antilles and Central America, which caused significant flooding in some areas. In Honduras, 4,000 homes were destroyed, 40 bridges washed away,Hurricane Marco weakens; Flooding Kills 9 In Honduras Syracuse Herald-Journal November 23, 1996 and nearly 50,000 acres of fruit plantations were flooded.Marco sputters; rain pelts Honduras https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=db8dAAAAIBAJ&pg=6673,250583&dq=hurricane+honduras&hl=en November 21, 1996 Sarasota Herald-Tribune Associated Press March 21, 2013 Nine deaths were also reported. Flood damage in other Central American countries was also reported, though affects were less severe. Heavy rainfall was also reported in Cuba.https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=zMZQAAAAIBAJ&pg=2664,4179903&dq=hurricane+marco&hl=en Stubborn Marco keeps raining on Cuba Associated Press November 26, 1996 Portsmouth Daily Times March 21, 2013 Marco also contributed to an ongoing flood in Jamaica and caused three additional fatalities in Dominican Republic.Reuters Marco, downgraded to tropical storm, nears Jamaica November 20, 1996 Reliefweb March 21, 2013 http://reliefweb.int/report/jamaica/marco-downgraded-storm-nears-jamaicaHaiti, Dominican Republic may face floods, mudslides News and Record November 23, 1996 Overall, Marco caused 15 fatalities and approximately $8.2 million in damage.https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=7aRAAAAAIBAJ&pg=6878,3847860&dq=hurricane+haiti&hl=en Marco swamps homes in Honduras November 20, 1996 Lloyd Williams Associated Press Star-Banner March 21, 2013http://reliefweb.int/report/honduras/honduras-floods-situation-reprot-no5 Honduras Floods Situation Report [sic] No.5 UN Department of Humanitarian Affairs December 5, 1996 ReliefWeb March 21, 2013 Other system 1996 Lake Huron cyclone thumb|upright=.70|The cyclone at peak intensity on September 14 On September 13, a rare low-pressure area moved into Lake Huron where it gained subtropical characteristics. It reached its peak intensity of 73 mph km/h on and a central pressure of 993 mbar inHg, before making landfall in southwestern Ontario and dissipating soon afterward. The cyclone was dubbed "Hurricane Huron", as it maintained subtropical characteristics while situated over Lake Huron. The Lake Huron cyclone caused heavy rainfall and flooding across Michigan and Eastern Canada, as well as parts of Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, and the Northeast Coast.Hurricane Huron Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 81 2 223–236 AMS Online Journals Todd J. Miner (Penn State University) Peter J. Sousounis James Wallman Greg Mann 10.1175/1520-0477(2000)081<0223:HH>2.3.CO;2 2000 2000BAMS...81..223M freehttps://wbckfm.com/hurricane-huron-1996/ Yes, a 'hurricane' once formed on the Great Lakes, and it was an epic storm Brandon James 95.3 WBCKFM September 13, 2018 February 18, 2021 Storm names Tropical cyclone naming History of tropical cyclone naming List of historical tropical cyclone names The following list of names was used for named storms that formed in the North Atlantic in 1996.https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/lib/lib1/nhclib/Publications/NatHurricaneOpsPlans/HOPs-1996.pdf 37 NOAA Office of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research Washington, D.C. National Hurricane Operations Plan May 1996 January 19, 2024https://www.newspapers.com/clip/77651488/the-philadelphia-inquirer/ Storm Names June 3, 1996 The Philadelphia Inquirer F12 May 13, 2021 Newspapers.com This is the same list used for the 1990 season,https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/lib/lib1/nhclib/Publications/NatHurricaneOpsPlans/1990.pdf 36 NOAA Office of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research Washington, D.C. National Hurricane Operations Plan May 1990 January 19, 2024 with the exceptions of Dolly and Kyle, which replaced Diana and Klaus, respectively.http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutnames_history.shtml#retired Tropical Cyclone Naming History and Retired Names September 9, 2011 National Hurricane Center September 25, 2011 The name Dolly was previously used under the old naming convention.Erdman Jonathan No Atlantic Hurricane Name Has Been Used Longer than Florence, But It Likely Won't Be Used Again September 13, 2018 https://weather.com/storms/hurricane/news/2018-09-13-florence-atlantic-name-history-1953 The Weather Channel February 8, 2024 A storm was named Kyle for the first time this year. Arthur Bertha Cesar Dolly Edouard Fran Gustav Hortense Isidore Josephine Kyle Lili Marco Nana Omar Paloma Rene Sally Teddy Vicky Wilfred Retirement List of retired Atlantic hurricane names In the spring of 1997, the World Meteorological Organization retired the names Cesar, Fran, and Hortense from the Atlantic hurricane name lists. They were replaced with Cristobal, Fay, and Hanna for the 2002 season.http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutnames.shtml https://web.archive.org/web/20030411092257/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutnames.shtml April 11, 2003 Worldwide Tropical Cyclone Names March 4, 2003 National Hurricane Center September 25, 2011 Season effects This is a table of all of the storms that formed in the 1996 Atlantic hurricane season. It includes their name, duration (within the basin), peak classification and intensities, areas affected, damage, and death totals. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect (an example of an indirect death would be a traffic accident), but were still related to that storm. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical, a wave, or a low, and all of the damage figures are in 1996 USD. center 1996 North Atlantic tropical cyclone center storm Arthur June 17 – 21 45 (75) 1004 Southeastern United States $1 million None cat3 Bertha July 5 – 14 115 (185) 960 Leeward Islands, Greater Antilles, Southeastern United States, Mid-Atlantic States, New England $335 million 12 cat1 Cesar July 24 – 28 85 (140) 985 Curaçao, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Mexico $203 million 113 cat1 Dolly August 19 – 26 80 (130) 989 East Mexico, Texas None 14 cat4 Edouard August 19 – September 3 145 (230) 933 Southeastern United States, Mid-Atlantic states, New England, Nova Scotia $20 million 2 cat3 Fran August 23 – September 8 120 (195) 946 Southeastern United States, Mid-Atlantic states, Midwestern United States, New England, Ontario $5 billion 37 storm Gustav August 26 – September 2 45 (75) 1005 None None None cat4 Hortense September 3 – 16 140 (220) 935 Lesser Antilles, Greater Antilles, Lucayan Archipelago, Atlantic Canada $158 million 39 cat3 Isidore September 24 – October 1 115 (185) 960 None None None storm Josephine October 4 – 8 70 (110) 981 Gulf Coast of the United States, Southeastern United States, Mid-Atlantic states, New England, Atlantic Canada $130 million 0 (3) storm Kyle October 11 – 13 50 (85) 1001 Central America, Mexico None None cat3 Lili October 14 – 27 115 (185) 960 Central America, Greater Antilles, Bahamas, Ireland, United Kingdom $662 million 22 cat1 Marco November 16 – 26 75 (120) 983 Central America, Greater Antilles $8.2 million 14 13 June 17 – November 26 145 (230) 933 $6.52 billion 253 (3) See also Tropical cyclones Tropical cyclones in 1996 1996 Pacific hurricane season 1996 Pacific typhoon season 1996 North Indian Ocean cyclone season South-West Indian Ocean cyclone seasons: 1995–96, 1996–97 Australian region cyclone seasons: 1995–96, 1996–97 South Pacific cyclone seasons: 1995–96, 1996–97 South Atlantic tropical cyclone Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone References External links Monthly Weather Review National Hurricane Center 1996 Atlantic hurricane season summary 1990 Atlantic hurricane 1996 Category:Articles which contain graphical timelines