1940 Republican National Convention

American political convention February 2026 March 2008 1940 Republican WendellWillkie.jpg 99px Charles Linza McNary cph.3b18950 (cropped 3x4).jpg 99px Nominees Willkie and McNary June 24–28, 1940 Philadelphia Convention Hall Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Wendell Willkie of New York Charles L. McNary of Oregon 1936 1944 6 thumb|Entrance ticket, featuring illustrations of historic Republican president Abraham Lincoln and Philadelphia's landmark Liberty Bell thumb|Backside of entrance ticket, featuring an illustration of Philadelphia City Hall The 1940 Republican National Convention was held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, from June 24 to June 28, 1940. It nominated Wendell Willkie of New York for president and Senator Charles McNary of Oregon for vice president. The contest for the 1940 Republican presidential nomination was wide-open. Front-runners included Senator Arthur H. Vandenberg of Michigan, Senator Robert Taft of Ohio and Manhattan District Attorney Thomas E. Dewey. Background 1940 Republican primaries 1940 Republican Party presidential primaries Prior to reforms during the 1970s, most convention delegates were not elected directly through primaries and those primaries that were held were often uncontested. Other delegates were elected via party convention or local district primaries. Many of the delegates were elected to the convention without a formal or informal pledge to support any particular candidate. Three candidates openly competed for delegate support during the primary season: Manhattan District Attorney Thomas Dewey, Ohio Senator Robert A. Taft, and Michigan Senator Arthur Vandenberg. Only 300 of the 1,000 convention delegates had been pledged to a candidate by the time the convention opened.May 2021 Other candidates who were known to be willing to accept the nomination or actively seeking the nomination without being placed on the ballot in a primary included former President Herbert Hoover, businessman Wendell Willkie, Pennsylvania Governor Arthur James, New Hampshire Senator Styles Bridges, and newspaper publisher Frank Gannett. A Willkie boom developed in the later stages of the campaign.May 2021 Delegate selections were completed by June 16, one week ahead of the convention.Thousand Republican Delegates Selected 8 14 June 1940 The Los Angeles Times Foreign developments Although the German invasion of Poland had occurred in fall of the year prior, many Americans were ambivalent to the events in Europe or outright opposed to American involvement. However, the Germans' May 1940 invasion of France may have affected delegates' perceptions of the potential nominees. Those candidates who had actively campaigned for the nomination, especially Dewey and Vandenberg, emphasized their opposition to military involvement in Europe at a time when most Republicans opposed intervention.Republican Race So Wide Open That Candidates Hunt Delegates Right Up to Convention Time New York Herald Tribune 16 June 1940 B2 The German offensive may have also hurt Dewey's standing in particular. He was only 38 years old and foreign policy was considered his greatest weakness, as he had never held any national office. The convention opened in Philadelphia just two days after France surrendered on June 22. Roosevelt nomination The campaign for the nomination began with no one certain whether President Franklin D. Roosevelt would seek an unprecedented third term in office. However, by the time the convention opened, Roosevelt was the clear Democratic nominee.May 2021 Presidential nomination Presidential candidates At the 1940 Republican National Convention itself, ten names were placed in nomination. Keynote speaker Harold E. Stassen, the Governor of Minnesota, announced his "tacit" support for Willkie and became his official floor manager. Though he had delegates that voted for him through a number of ballots, Stassen did not seek to gain delegates either.Stassen would have been 33 on Election Day in 1940, two years below the Constitutional minimum age of 35 for a president. Hundreds of vocal Willkie supporters packed the upper galleries of the convention hall. Willkie's amateur status and his fresh face appealed to delegates as well as voters. The delegations were selected not by primaries but by party leaders in each state, and they had a keen sense of the fast-changing pulse of public opinion. Gallup found the same thing in polling data not reported until after the convention: Willkie had moved ahead among Republican voters by 44% to only 29% for the collapsing Dewey.May 2021 As the pro-Willkie galleries repeatedly chanted "We Want Willkie!", the delegates on the convention floor began their vote. Dewey led on the first ballot but steadily lost strength thereafter. Both Taft and Willkie gained in strength on each ballot, and by the fourth ballot it was obvious that either Willkie or Taft would be the nominee. The key moments came when the delegations of large states such as Michigan, Pennsylvania, and New York left Dewey and Vandenberg and switched to Willkie, giving him the victory on the sixth ballot.Jeffries John W A Third Term for FDR: The Election of 1940 2017 University Press of Kansas Kansas City, USA 9780700624027 264The voting went like this: Presidential ballotRichard C. Bain and Judith H. Parris, Convention Decisions and Voting Records (1973), pp. 254–256 Ballot1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th (before shifts) 6th (after shifts)Willkie105171259306429655998Taft1892032122543773180Dewey36033831525057110Vandenberg767372614200James746659565910Martin442600000MacNider34342826410Gannett3330114110Hoover172132312090Bridges28911000Capper181800000McNary1310108900Bushfield9000000La Guardia0100000Not voting0013242 Presidential balloting / 4th day of convention (June 27, 1940) Presidential balloting / 5th day of convention (June 28, 1940) "On the first ballot, Dewey was ahead followed by Taft and Willkie. Thereafter, Dewey steadily lost strength while Taft and Willkie picked up votes. On the fourth ballot Willkie was ahead but short of the 501 votes needed for nomination. On the sixth roll call — 1 a.m. Friday — Willkie finally went over the top."http://www.ushistory.org/gop/convention_1940.htm https://web.archive.org/web/20070101190447/http://www.ushistory.org/gop/convention_1940.htm dead 1940 Republican Convention in Philadelphia January 1, 2007 www.ushistory.org Willkie's nomination is still considered by most historians to have been one of the most dramatic moments in any political convention.May 2021 Willkie's acceptance speech Willkie also made history with his personal appearance at the 1940 convention. "WILLKIE BREAKS PARTY TRADITION BY PERSONAL APPEARANCE LIKE ROOSEVELT'S IN '32", the New York Times headline told its readers. "CROWD GOES WILD GREETING NOMINEE" and "CHEERS MARK HIS EVERY WORD" in the New York Times headlines convey something of the convention's mood in 1940. "As your nominee," Willkie told the convention in his brief appearance, "I expect to conduct a crusading, vigorous, fighting campaign."May 2021 Willkie delivered his acceptance speech from the podium at the convention hall, something that had never happened at a Republican convention before. 1586484508 Five Days in Philadelphia: 1940, Wendell Willkie, FDR, and the Political Convention that Freed FDR to Win World War II Peters Charles 27 June 2006 PublicAffairs It was broadcast on a local television station,Television, FDR and the 1940 Presidential Conventions https://fdr.blogs.archives.gov/2020/07/28/television-fdr-and-the-1940-presidential-conventions/ fdr.blogs.archives.gov Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum/National Archives 10 August 2020 28 July 2020 also a first. A couple of months later, Willkie again accepted the nomination in a kick-off speech at Calloway Park in his hometown of Elwood, Indiana. Vice presidential nomination Vice presidential candidates Willkie had given little thought to the vice-presidential nominee. He left the decision to the convention chairman, Representative Joe Martin (R-Massachusetts), the House Minority Leader. Martin suggested Senate Minority Leader Charles L. McNary of Oregon. Though McNary had spearheaded a "Stop Willkie" campaign late in the balloting, Willkie agreed, and McNary was selected on the first ballot:May 2021 Vice presidential ballot Candidate 1stMcNary890Short108Bridges2 Vice presidential balloting / 5th day of convention (June 28, 1940) Other events Television coverage The 1940 Republican Convention was the first national party convention shown on live television, and was seen in three cities on "pioneer stations". It was broadcast in New York by NBC on W2XBS (now WNBC), in Philadelphia by W2XE (now KYW-TV), and in Schenectady on W2XB (now WRGB). The convention was also shown on television screens in the exhibition hall of the Commercial Museum of Philadelphia, next door to the Convention Hall, for "overflow" crowds. Local newspapers predicted that two thousand people would view the convention from the museum, and estimates range as high as 6,000 total television viewers in all three cities.http://www.earlytelevision.org/1940_republican_convention.html 1940 Republican Convention www.earlytelevision.org 2 April 2018 Bomb discoveries During the convention, two dynamite bombs were discovered outside of the hall; a total of seven bombs were discovered in the greater Philadelphia area during the convention. The discoveries of the bombs were inadvertently released to the public by an emotional New York City police commissioner Lewis J. Valentine while discussing the New York World's Fair bombing that killed two police officers.https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=fnAhAAAAIBAJ&pg=1758,1863043&dq=bomb+worlds-fair&hl=en Says Bombs found near G.O.P's Hall Reading Eagle July 11, 1940 British interference In 1999, declassifications by the British Secret Intelligence Service revealed the extent of British involvement in the nominating campaign, among other efforts to elect pro-intervention candidates and destroy the reputations of American isolationists. Working through a covert organization known as British Security Co-ordination, British intelligence agent Sanford Griffith published polls during and before the convention suggesting that a majority of Republicans supported American aid to Britain. These polls were then reported in the pro-Allied press to show support for Willkie. Direct co-ordination between a BSC-funded group of businessmen and journalists, the Century Group, and the Willkie campaign positions commenced after he won the nomination.When a Foreign Government Interfered in a U.S. Election — to Reelect FDR 16 Jan 2017 Usdin Steve https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/01/when-a-foreign-government-interfered-in-a-us-electionto-reelect-fdr-214634/ Politico See also History of the United States Republican Party List of Republican National Conventions United States presidential nominating convention 1940 Republican Party presidential primaries 1940 United States presidential election 1940 Democratic National Convention The Golden Age, historical novel by Gore Vidal, which charges corruption in the management of the convention References Further reading right After Words interview with Charles Peters on Five Days in Philadelphia, September 3, 2005, C-SPAN Presentation by Peters on Five Days in Philadelphia, June 24, 2006, C-SPAN Charles Peters (2005), Five Days in Philadelphia: The Amazing "We Want Willkie" Convention of 1940 and How It Freed FDR to Save the Western World, New York: Public Affairs. External links Republican Party platform of 1940 at The American Presidency Project Willkie acceptance speech at The American Presidency Project Video of 1940 Republican National Convention 1936Cleveland, Ohio Republican National Conventions 1944Chicago, Illinois Category:Republican National Conventions Republican National Convention Category:United States presidential nominating conventions in Philadelphia Republican National Convention Republican National Convention Republican National Convention Category:1940s political conferences Republican National Convention, 1940 Category:Thomas E. Dewey Category:Herbert Hoover Category:Fiorello La Guardia