1954 Atlantic hurricane season

none Atl 1954 1954 Atlantic hurricane season summary map.png May 27, 1954 January 6, 1955 (tied record latest with 2005) Hazel 938 115 23 16 7 3 1,069 751.6 1 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956 1954 Pacific hurricane season 1954 Pacific typhoon season 1950s North Indian Ocean cyclone seasons The 1954 Atlantic hurricane season was an above-average Atlantic hurricane season in terms of named storms, with 16 forming. Overall, the season resulted in $751.6 million in damage,All damage figures in the article are in 1954 United States dollars (USD) unless otherwise stated "nb" the most of any season at the time. The season officially began on June 15, and nine days later the first named storm developed. Hurricane Alice developed in the Gulf of Mexico and moved inland along the Rio Grande, producing significant precipitation and record flooding that killed 55 people. Activity was slow until late August; only Barbara, a minimal tropical storm, developed in July. In the span of two weeks, hurricanes Carol and Edna followed similar paths before both striking New England as major hurricanes.A major hurricane is a tropical cyclone with maximum sustained winds of at least 111 mph km/h on, or a Category 3 or higher on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale.National Hurricane Center National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 2010-07-11 Glossary of NHC Terms 2011-07-23 http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutgloss.shtml https://web.archive.org/web/20110628222802/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutgloss.shtml 28 June 2011 live "nb" The latter became the costliest hurricane in Maine's history. In late September, Tropical Storm Gilda killed 29 people after drenching northern Honduras. A tropical depression in early October was captured by a high-altitude photograph on a rocket, thus producing the first large-scale image of a tropical cyclone. The strongest and deadliest hurricane of the season was Hurricane Hazel, which killed thousands in Haiti before striking near the North Carolina/South Carolina border in October. It caused heavy damage in the United States before becoming extratropical and affecting Ontario. Intense rainfall affected Toronto with severe flooding, leaving significant damage. The season officially ended on November 15, although another hurricane named Alice developed on December 30 to the northeast of the Lesser Antilles; it lasted until January 6 of the following year. In total, there were 16 tropical storms, 7 hurricanes, and 3 major hurricanes. Season summary right|thumb|Storm surge damage from Hurricane Carol The hurricane season officially began on June 15, when the United States Weather Bureau in Miami, Florida, began 24‑hour operations. The agency, under the direction of Grady Norton had access to 43 other weather stations across the Atlantic basin. Norton died during the season from a stroke while tracking Hurricane Hazel.Staff Writer Reading Eagle United Press International 1954-11-15 Hurricane Season Ends 2011-09-05 https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=wwwrAAAAIBAJ&pg=7035,6662755&dq=hurricane+season&hl=en Additionally, a group of Hurricane Hunters planes were put on standby for the season, able to be flown out into storms and collect data.Rose Mallory Miami Daily News 1954 Season Opens Officially 2021-02-19 1954-06-15 https://www.newspapers.com/clip/71457042/the-miami-news/ Newspapers.com During the season, there were eight named storms, as well as an unnamed hurricane and a tropical depression. The season officially ended on November 15, although an unnamed tropical storm formed a day later. In addition, Tropical Storm Alice developed on December 31, the latest a tropical cyclone has developed in the calendar year. Cumulatively, tropical cyclones left 193 deaths and $756 million in damage, becoming the costliest hurricane season at the time. The season was one of six to have three major hurricanes strike the country, along with 2005 (which had four), 1893, 1909, 1933, and 2004. Two of the major hurricanes – Carol and Edna – struck New England; this occurred despite an average of only 5–10 New England hurricanes per century. Carol struck Connecticut as a hurricane and left widespread heavy damage. Only ten days later, Edna became the costliest hurricane in Maine's history. The third major hurricane, Hazel, was the strongest hurricane of the season, attaining winds of 150 mph km/h on. Unusually, no tropical cyclones affected Florida. The season's activity was reflected with a cumulative accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) rating of 111,Hurricane Research Division National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration June 2019 North Atlantic Hurricane Basin (1851-2018): Comparison of Original and Revised HURDAT 2021-04-23 https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/comparison_table.html which is categorized as being "above normal".http://hurricane.atmos.colostate.edu/Forecasts/2009/dec2009/dec2009.pdf Extended range forecast of Atlantic seasonal hurricane activity and landfall strike probability for 2010 2009-12-09 Colorado State University 2011-03-14 ACE is, broadly speaking, a measure of the power of the hurricane multiplied by the length of time it existed, so storms that last a long time, as well as particularly strong hurricanes, have high ACEs. ACE is only calculated for full advisories on tropical systems at or exceeding 34 kn mph km/h in or tropical storm strength.David Levinson 2008-08-20 2005 Atlantic Ocean Tropical Cyclones National Climatic Data Center 2011-07-23 http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/research/2005/2005-atlantic-trop-cyclones.html 2005-12-01 https://web.archive.org/web/20051201033336/http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/research/2005/2005-atlantic-trop-cyclones.html Systems Tropical Storm One Atl Tropical Storm One weather map, May 29, 1954.jpg May 27 May 31 45 996 AL01 1954 path.png List of off-season Atlantic hurricanes A broad trough developed over the eastern Gulf of Mexico on May 26. A frontal disturbance formed over Florida along the trough, spawning an area of broad cyclonic turning. After emerging into the western Atlantic Ocean, a closed circulation developed within the system, and it is estimated that a tropical depression formed on May 28 about 100 mi km on east of Jacksonville, Florida. Ship observations in the region suggested that the depression intensified into a tropical storm by late on May 28. The system was small, and was not discovered to have been a tropical cyclone until a reanalysis of data in 2015. The storm moved to the northeast ahead of an approaching trough, bypassing the Carolinas to the east; rainfall brushed the coast of North Carolina. On May 29, ship observations suggested peak winds of 50 mph km/h on. On the next day, the storm became associated with a warm front, indicating that it became extratropical to the southeast of New England. Continuing to the northeast, the former storm crossed over the southeastern coast of Newfoundland before being absorbed by another nontropical low to the northwest on May 31.Chris Landsea May 2015 Documentation of Atlantic Tropical Cyclones Changes in HURDAT (1954) Hurricane Research Division 2016-03-28 http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/metadata_master.html#1951_12 etal Tropical Storm Two Atl Tropical Storm Two weather map, June 22, 1954.jpg June 17 June 25 60 994 AL02 1954 path.png A trough formed over southern Florida on June 17. Early the next day, a circulation formed, signaling that a tropical depression also developed over the Everglades. The system moved slowly north-northeastward, emerging into the western Atlantic Ocean at 06:00 UTC on June 20. Shortly thereafter, the depression intensified into a tropical storm, although the structure was broad and asymmetric due to association with a nearby upper-level low, signaling that the system was possibly a subtropical cyclone. Ship reports in the region indicate that the storm continued to intensify. On June 22, the structure became much more symmetrical while passing just off the Outer Banks, bringing winds of 33 mph km/h on to Wilmington, North Carolina. That day, the Hurricane Hunters estimated winds of 80 mph km/h on, and is possible that the storm briefly attained hurricane status. The peak winds were estimated at 70 mph km/h on, due to a pressure reading of 994 mbar inHg on. The storm accelerated northeastward due to an approaching cold front. On June 24, the storm became extratropical, and shortly thereafter made landfall along southwestern Nova Scotia. The system dissipated the next day over the northern Gulf of Saint Lawrence. Hurricane Alice (June) Atl Alice 1954-06-25 1230Z.jpg Alice 1954 path.png June 24 June 26 95 973 Hurricane Alice (June 1954) On June 24, Tropical Storm Alice developed. It rapidly intensified in the western Gulf of Mexico, giving the citizens of southern Texas and northeastern Mexico little time to prepare.Staff Writer Associated Press The Victoria Advocate Gale Hits Mexico 1954-06-23 2011-08-06 https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=3scdAAAAIBAJ&pg=5288,6906305&dq=hurricane&hl=en By June 25, Alice intensified to hurricane status, reaching peak winds of 110 mph km/h on that day, before making landfall in northeastern Mexico, just south of the Mexico–United States border. The storm progressed inland along the Rio Grande Valley, dissipating on June 27. In Mexico, Alice left minor damage, and killed one person due to a fallen power line. Across Texas, Alice dropped torrential rainfall, peaking at 24.07 in mm on near Pandale,David Roth 2010-01-13 http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/alice1954.html Hurricane Alice – June 24–27, 1954 Hydrometeorological Prediction Center 2011-08-05 with most of the rainfall concentrated around the Pecos River. High precipitation accumulations occurred in areas that had seen little rains in three years. This led to significant flooding along the Pecos River that produced "probably the greatest rate of runoff for a watershed of [that] size in the United States", as reported by the International Boundary and Water Commission.Jonathan Burnett Flash floods in Texas 2008 Texas A&M University Press 2011-08-05 151–161 978-1-58544-590-5 https://books.google.com/books?id=bYIIV5ZobM8C&q=hurricane+alice+june+1954+texas&pg=PA151 Ozona, Texas, sustained the most impact, estimated at $2 million in damage. Downstream, the Rio Grande rose to the highest level since 1865, which flooded seven towns on either side of the border;Staff Writer United Press Sarasota Herald-Tribune 1954-06-28 Rio Grande Floods 7 Towns; 6 Die, Thousand Homeless 2011-08-06 https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Q5kcAAAAIBAJ&pg=5320,4669117&dq=damage+million&hl=en Eagle Pass, Texas, was flooded with 8 ft m on of water.F. J. Von Zuben Jr. November 1957 72 11 Public Health Reports Public Health Disaster Aid in the Rio Grande Flood of 1954 2031412 13485295 1009–17 etal Overall there were at least 55 deaths. Tropical Storm Four Atl Tropical Storm Four weather map, July 12, 1954.jpg July 10 July 14 45 1004 ≤ AL04 1954 path.png A dissipating cold front stalled over the southeastern United States from Arkansas to North Carolina on July 9. On the next day, a low pressure area developed along the coast of Georgia. Soon after, the front dissipated, and by 12:00 UTC on July 10, the system developed into a tropical storm. Observations from a coastal lighthouse and a nearby ship indicated that the storm attained peak winds of 50 mph km/h on while moving slowly east-northeastward, just offshore the Carolinas. The storm began weakening on July 13, and dissipated the next day when it was absorbed by a larger extratropical storm that was developing to the north. Tropical Storm Barbara Atl Barbara 1954-07-27 1230Z.jpg Barbara 1954 path.png July 27 July 30 50 999 On July 27, a tropical depression developed in the northern Gulf of Mexico, about 100 mi km on south of Grand Isle, Louisiana. A map of the low pressure areas forming in July 1954 indicated that the system originated near the Mississippi Delta and tracked southward.H.F. Hawkins 94 The Weather and Circulation of July 1954 July 1954 2011-07-29 Monthly Weather Review http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/082/mwr-082-07-0209.pdf 10.1175/1520-0493(1954)082<0209:twacoj>2.0.co;2 82 7 1954MWRv...82..209H free After forming, the depression tracked northwestward, intensifying into Tropical Storm Barbara early on July 28. Maximum sustained winds reached 45 mph km/h on, although a tanker offshore named the Henry M. Dawes reported wind gusts of 60 mph km/h on. Officials at the United States Weather Bureau posted a storm warning from Cameron to Burrwood, Louisiana, and also advised small craft to remain at port along the entire northern Gulf Coast.Staff Writer United Press International 1954-07-29 Gulf Storm of Louisiana Coast Sarasota Herald-Tribune 2011-07-29 https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=xnUjAAAAIBAJ&pg=5107,4185056&dq=tropical+storm+barbara&hl=en Without intensifying further, Barbara made landfall near Vermilion Bay, Louisiana on July 29,Walter R. Davis Hurricanes of 1954 December 1954 Monthly Weather Review 370–373 10.1175/1520-0493(1954)082<0370:ho>2.0.co;2 2011-07-29 http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/lib/lib1/nhclib/mwreviews/1954.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20110629054150/http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/lib/lib1/nhclib/mwreviews/1954.pdf 29 June 2011 live 82 12 1954MWRv...82..370D free dissipating the next day over Texas. The storm dropped heavy rainfall along its path, including over 2 in mm on in New Orleans.Staff Writer Associated Press 1954-07-30 Lewiston Morning Tribune Tropical Storm Hits Louisiana 2011-07-29 https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=raNfAAAAIBAJ&pg=6244,2163135&dq=tropical+louisiana&hl=en The rains caused flooding as well as some damage to the rice crop.Staff Writer United Press 1954-07-30 Sarasota Herald Tribune Gulf Storm Dwindles But Damages Rice Crop 2011-07-29 https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=x3UjAAAAIBAJ&pg=6123,4320016&dq=tropical+louisiana&hl=en However, the Monthly Weather Review yearly summary described the precipitation as "far more beneficial than damaging". There was no wind damage. Hurricane Carol Atl Hurricane Carol weather map (high quality), August 31, 1954.jpg Carol 1954 path.png August 25 August 31 100 955 Hurricane Carol Carol developed from a tropical wave near the Bahamas on August 25. It quickly intensified as it tracked generally to the north, becoming a hurricane on August 27. Moving parallel to the coastline of the southeastern United States, Carol passed just east of Cape Hatteras with winds estimated at 110 mph km/h on. It intensified further as it accelerated, striking eastern Long Island as Category 3 hurricane.Hurricane Research Division 2006 Chronological List of All Hurricanes which Affected the Continental United States: 1851–2005 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 2006-11-02 http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/ushurrlist.htm https://web.archive.org/web/20061013191128/http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd//hurdat/ushurrlist.htm 13 October 2006 live Carol made its final landfall on Old Saybrook, Connecticut, late on August 31. Within a few hours, the hurricane became extratropical over New Hampshire, which later dissipated over Quebec. In North Carolina, hurricane-force winds left minor damage to houses,James E. Hudgins October 2007 Tropical cyclones affecting North Carolina since 1586: An Historical Perspective National Weather Service Forecast Office Blacksburg, Virginia National Weather Service Office United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service NOAA Technical Memorandum NWS ER-100 2012-11-29 http://www.erh.noaa.gov/er/hq/ssd/erps/tm/tm100.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20111027081946/http://www.erh.noaa.gov/er/hq/ssd/erps/tm/tm100.pdf 2011-10-27 estimated around $228,000. Rains from Carol alleviated drought conditions in the Washington, D.C. area.David Roth Hugh Cobb 2000 Virginia Hurricane History National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 2006-11-03 http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/research/roth/valate20hur.htm https://web.archive.org/web/20061110131440/http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/research/roth/valate20hur.htm 10 November 2006 live On Long Island, the storm surge flooded the Montauk Highway with 4 ft m on of water about a mile across. High winds left 275,000 homes without power, and damage totaled $3 million on the island.James K. McGuire The Storm of August 31, 1954 289–292 United States Weather Bureau 41 Chattanooga, Tennessee 1954 https://books.google.com/books?id=0D7OAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA289 8 The hurricane moved ashore in Connecticut shortly after high tide, producing a storm surge of 10 – 15 ft m on from New London eastward. The surge in Narragansett Bay reached 14.4 ft m on, which surpassed that of the 1938 New England hurricane, which flooded downtown Providence with 12 ft m of water. In New London, rainfall peaked around 6 in mm on. The hurricane produced winds of over 115 mph km/h on in Connecticut and Rhode Island,Eric S. Blake Ethan J. Gibney August 2011 The Deadliest, Costliest, and Most Intense United States Tropical Cyclones from 1851 to 2010 (and Other Frequently Requested Hurricane Facts) National Hurricane Center 2011-08-19 http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pdf/nws-nhc-6.pdf including a record-high gust of 135 mph km/h on at Block Island.David R. Vallee Michael R. Dion 1997 Hurricane Carol Taunton, MA National Weather Service 2011-08-19 http://www.erh.noaa.gov/box/hurricane/hurricaneCarol.shtml https://web.archive.org/web/20150327155121/http://www.erh.noaa.gov/box/hurricane/hurricaneCarol.shtml 2015-03-27 Widespread areas were left without power from eastern Connecticut to southern Massachusetts. Further north in Maine, Hurricane Carol downed hundreds of trees, as well as destroying widespread apple groves and corn fields. It became the costliest natural disaster in the state's history,Wayne Cotterly 2002 Hurricane Carol (1954) 2006-11-10 http://www.pivot.net/~cotterly/carol.htm https://web.archive.org/web/20131210224935/http://www.pivot.net/~cotterly/carol.htm 2013-12-10 only to be surpassed by Hurricane Edna ten days later.Wayne Cotterly 2002 Hurricane Edna (1954) 2006-11-10 http://www.pivot.net/~cotterly/edna.htm https://web.archive.org/web/20061220040916/http://www.pivot.net/~cotterly/edna.htm 20 December 2006 dmy-all Across New England, the hurricane destroyed about 4,000 homes, 3,500 cars, and 3,000 boats. Damage totaled $460 million, and there were 60 deaths. In neighboring Canada, high rains caused flooding while strong winds downed trees and power lines.Canadian Hurricane Centre 2010-09-14 1954-Carol 2011-08-19 http://www.ec.gc.ca/Hurricane/default.asp?lang=En&n=BBF632B3-1 https://web.archive.org/web/20120302201612/http://www.ec.gc.ca/Hurricane/default.asp?lang=En&n=BBF632B3-1 2012-03-02 Hurricane Dolly Atl Dolly 1954-09-01 1230Z.jpg Dolly 1954 path.png August 31 September 4 75 994 ≤ A tropical wave spawned a tropical depression on August 31 to the northwest of Puerto Rico. It moved rapidly north-northwestward, intensifying into Tropical Storm Dolly later that day and into a hurricane early on September 1. Early in the storm's duration, the U.S. Weather Bureau noted the potential for Dolly to affect the same areas of New England that Hurricane Carol struck just days prior.Glenn Alter Hurricane Dolly Now Far East of Jacksonville The Miami News 1954-09-01 2021-02-19 https://www.newspapers.com/clip/71456617/the-miami-news/ Newspapers.com However, the hurricane turned to the north away from land. The Hurricane Hunters estimated maximum sustained winds of 85 mph km/h on on September 2 after the storm passed about halfway between the Outer Banks and Bermuda. Dolly turned to the northeast on September 2 and became extratropical later that day to the south of Nova Scotia. It was tracked until September 4, until it was last located to the north of the Azores. There was no reported damage. Hurricane Edna Atl Hurricane Edna weather map, September 11, 1954 (5466781).jpg Edna 1954 path.png September 5 September 14 110 943 Hurricane Edna As Dolly became extratropical, the tropical depression that later became Hurricane Edna developed east of the Lesser Antilles on September 2. It moved northwestward, dropping heavy rainfall on Puerto Rico as it passed north of the island.William Malkin George C. Holzworth Hurricane Edna, 1954 September 1954 82 9 Monthly Weather Review 267–279 February 1, 2011 http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/082/mwr-082-09-0267.pdf 1954MWRv...82..267M 10.1175/1520-0493(1954)082<0267:HE>2.0.CO;2 free On September 7 Edna became a hurricane, and the next day reached peak winds of 120 mph km/h on. It turned to the north and northeast, bypassing the Outer Banks and skirting Cape Cod. On September 11, Edna struck Massachusetts as a strong Category 2 hurricane. The hurricane later moved ashore near the border between Maine and New Brunswick around the time it became extratropical. The remnants persisted a few more days before dissipating south of Greenland. Early in its duration, Edna produced high seas and gale-force winds in the Bahamas, but there was no damage there. Hurricane-force winds occurred in the Outer Banks, although damage was minor. As it passed New England, Edna produced a 6 ft m on storm surge during a high tide, which caused severe flooding in Martha's Vineyard, Nantucket, and Cape Cod. Wind gusts peaked at 120 mph km/h on on Martha's Vineyard, and the strong winds across the region left widespread power outages. The hurricane dropped additional heavy rainfall to areas affected by Carol, resulting in flooding in Massachusetts and Rhode Island.David R. Vallee Michael R. Dion 2005-12-05 Hurricane Edna Tauton, Massachusetts National Weather Service 2011-08-22 http://www.erh.noaa.gov/box/hurricane/hurricaneEdna.shtml In Long Island and New England, the hurricane left over $42 million in damage and 20 deaths, only 11 days after Carol affected the same area. About a third of the damage occurred in Maine, becoming the costliest hurricane on record in the state. Hurricane-force winds extended into Canada, causing $6 million in damage (1954 CAD), mostly from crop damage. There was one death in Nova Scotia.Environment Canada 2010-09-14 1954-Edna 2021-02-07 http://www.ec.gc.ca/Hurricane/default.asp?lang=En&n=1E1CCBFE-1 https://web.archive.org/web/20130703045211/http://www.ec.gc.ca/hurricane/default.asp?lang=En&n=1E1CCBFE-1 2013-07-03 live Tropical Storm Nine Atl Tropical Storm Nine weather map, September 6, 1954.jpg September 6 September 8 40 1004 AL09 1954 path.png A surface trough persisted across the central Atlantic Ocean on September 2. Over the next few days, the system moved slowly northeastward, independent of any frontal systems. On September 6, nearby ships indicated that the a closed circulation had developed, marking the genesis of the system as a tropical depression. Accelerating to the northeast, the storm reached peak winds of 45 mph km/h on on September 7. By the next day, the system became extratropical, and soon after was absorbed by a larger extratropical storm to the north. Tropical Storm Florence Atl Florence 1954-09-12 1230Z.jpg Florence 1954 path.png September 11 September 12 55 1001 ≤ A tropical storm formed in the Bay of Campeche on September 11. Given the name Florence, the storm moved generally west-southwestward with a small radius of maximum winds. Hurricane Hunters reported winds of 65 mph km/h on, although winds were initially (before reanalysis confirmed it was a tropical storm) estimated to have reached minimal hurricane force, or 75 mph km/h on. Before the storm moved ashore, officials in Veracruz evacuated residents from low-lying areas, and overall about 90,000 people left their homes. On September 12, Florence moved ashore between Tuxpan, and Nautla, Veracruz and quickly dissipated. The hurricane flooded coastal cities with up to 3 ft m on of water, cutting off communications throughout the state.Staff Writer United Press International 1954-09-12 Mexican Coast is Battered by Florence 2011-08-04 Sarasota Herald-Tribune https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=UJkcAAAAIBAJ&pg=2214,2232943&dq=hurricane+florence&hl=en Damage was heaviest around Poza Rica, primarily from the destruction of banana plantations. Monetary damage was estimated around $1.5 million, and there were five reported deaths. Tropical Storm Eleven Atl Tropical Storm Eleven weather map, September 16, 1954.jpg September 15 September 18 40 1004 AL11 1954 path.png A low pressure area was present north of the Yucatán Peninsula on September 14. Nearby ship observations indicated that a tropical depression developed the next day in the central Gulf of Mexico, although the system's large structure meant it could have been a subtropical cyclone. The system moved slowly westward, bringing winds of 30 mph km/h on to the coast of Louisiana. It is estimated that the storm reached peak winds of 45 mph km/h on on September 16, based on reports from ships and the Hurricane Hunters. On the next day, the system began weakening over water, dissipating on September 18 without moving ashore. Tropical Storm Gilda Atl Gilda 1954-09-27 1230Z.jpg GIlda 1954 path.png September 24 September 27 60 998 On September 24, Tropical Storm Gilda developed in the central Caribbean Sea about halfway between Jamaica and Colombia. A small storm, it moved westward throughout its duration. On September 26, Gilda attained peak winds of 70 mph km/h on while nearing northeastern Honduras. The storm paralleled the coastline a short distance offshore, maintaining its intensity before hitting and later weakening over Belize on September 27. It re-emerged in the Gulf of Mexico before making another landfall near Tampico as a tropical depression on September 29, dissipating the next day. While moving just offshore the coast of Honduras, Gilda dropped intense rainfall, which flooding about 680 mi2 km2 on of land along the Chamelecón and Ulúa rivers. The waters caused the widespread destruction of banana plantations and houses, leaving about 3,000 people homeless. The United Fruit Company reacted to this destruction by firing 10,000 of its about 100,000 workers within Honduras.http://unitedfruit.org/chron.htm Chronology United Fruit Historical Society 2021-02-19 Honduras's then-President Juan Manuel Gálvez appealed for aid from the United States. In response, U.S. Air Force planes flew food, medicine, rafts, and water purification tablets to the most-affected regions.Daniel Haulman The United States Air Force and Humanitarian Airlift Operations 1947–1994 1998 Air Force History and Museums Program 2011-08-06 http://www.afhra.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-100126-106.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20110722183406/http://www.afhra.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-100126-106.pdf 22 July 2011 A total of 29 people were killed in Honduras. When Gilda made its landfall in Belize, it left little property damage and no deaths. Unnamed hurricane Atl Hurricane Thirteen surface analysis October 05, 1954.png AL13 1954 path.png September 25 October 6 85 964 ≤ A tropical depression formed in the Central Atlantic on September 25. It drifted east-northeastward, eventually becoming a tropical storm on September 29. The storm curved to the west and west-southwest, becoming a hurricane on October 2. It turned to the northeast on October 3, and reached a peak of 100 mph km/h on winds about halfway between Bermuda and the Azores. By that point it began accelerating, and late on October 6 the hurricane became extratropical over the Northeastern Atlantic. Early the next day it was last observed to the south of Iceland. The hurricane was not named due to its presence in the eastern Atlantic and not being a threat to land.Gordon E. Dunn 83 12 Addendum to "Hurricanes 1954" Monthly Weather Review 314 December 1955 http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/083/mwr-083-12-0314.pdf 4 August 2011 etal 10.1175/1520-0493(1955)083<0314:atho>2.0.co;2 1955MWRv...83..314. free Hurricane Hazel Atl Hurricane Hazel weather map (enlarged), October 15, 1954 (632228990).jpg Hazel 1954 path.png October 5 October 18 115 938 Hurricane Hazel Effects of Hurricane Hazel in Canada Hurricane Hazel was the deadliest and second costliest hurricane of the season. The storm killed as many as 1,000 people in Haiti before striking the United States near the border between North and South Carolina, as a Category 4 hurricane.Hazel's Toll is 200 Dead; 500 Hurt in Haiti Milt Sosin 1954-10-13 The Miami News 2021-02-19 https://www.newspapers.com/clip/24292867/the-miami-news/ 1 Newspapers.com After causing 95 fatalities in the U.S., Hazel struck Canada as an extratropical storm, raising the death toll by 81 people, mostly in Toronto.Environment Canada 2009-08-17 2021-02-07 Hurricane Hazel http://www.ec.gc.ca/ouragans-hurricanes/default.asp?lang=En&n=4343267B-1 https://web.archive.org/web/20130701094904/http://www.ec.gc.ca/ouragans-hurricanes/default.asp?lang=En&n=4343267B-1 2013-07-01 live Hazel formed on October 5 just east of the Windward Islands and intensified into a Category 1 hurricane while crossing the southeastern Caribbean Sea. After making a hard turn northward, it rapidly intensified as it approached Haiti, reaching Category 3 intensity before landfall. In Haiti, Hazel destroyed 40% of the coffee trees and 50% of the cacao crop, affecting the economy for several years to come.https://www.nytimes.com/1955/01/05/archives/hurricane-dents-economy-of-haiti-crop-destruction-to-be-felt-for.html Hurricane Dents Economy of Haiti New York Times 2009-06-14 1956-01-05Haiti: the politics of squalor Houghton Mifflin https://archive.org/details/haitipoliticsofs00rotb registration 978-0-395-12105-4 Robert I. Rotberg Christopher K. Clague 1971 182 6 September 2011 It fluctuated in intensity before making landfall as a Category 4 hurricane in the Carolinas, which destroyed most waterfront dwellings near its point of impact.John Hairr 2008 https://books.google.com/books?id=LbHmjcbSx6sC The Great Hurricanes of North Carolina The History Press Stroud, United Kingdom 978-1-59629-391-5 135 6 September 2011 It affected several more states, including Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia, bringing gusts near 100 mph km/h on and causing $308 million in damage.Floods Rise in Hazel's Wake Associated Press 1954-10-16 The Miami News 2021-02-19 https://www.newspapers.com/clip/71456558/the-miami-news/ 1 Newspapers.com When Hazel arrived in Ontario, rivers and streams passing through the Greater Toronto Area overflowed their banks, causing severe flooding.Peter Bowyer 2004 2009-06-17 Canadian Hurricane Centre http://www.ec.gc.ca/ouragans-hurricanes/default.asp?lang=en&n=19D1EDC8-1 Hurricane Hazel Impacts — Long Branch As a result, many residential areas located in floodplains, such as the Raymore Drive area, were subsequently converted to parkland.Peter Bowyer 2004 2009-06-17 Canadian Hurricane Centre http://www.ec.gc.ca/ouragans-hurricanes/default.asp?lang=en&n=BD91538F-1 Hurricane Hazel Impacts — Humber River In Canada alone, over C$135 million (2009: $1.1 billion) of damage was incurred.Peter Bowyer 2004 2009-06-17 Canadian Hurricane Centre http://www.ec.gc.ca/ouragans-hurricanes/default.asp?lang=en&n=E1111740-1 Hurricane Hazel – Evaluation of Organizational Response Hazel was particularly destructive in Toronto, as a result of a combination of a lack of experience in dealing with tropical storms and the storm's unexpected retention of power. Hazel had traveled 680 mi km on over land, but while approaching Canada, it had merged with an existing powerful cold front. The storm stalled over the Greater Toronto Area, and although it was now extratropical, it remained as powerful as a category 1 hurricane.Peter Bowyer 2004 2009-06-17 Canadian Hurricane Centre http://www.ec.gc.ca/ouragans-hurricanes/default.asp?lang=en&n=FE4D3A3F-1 Hurricane Hazel Impacts — Transportation To help with the cleanup, 800 members of the military were summoned, and a Hurricane Relief Fund was established that distributed $5.1 million (2023: $56.2 million) in aid. Tropical Storm Fifteen Atl Tropical Storm Fifteen weather map, November 18, 1954.jpg November 16 November 21 35 1005 AL15 1954 path.png On November 16, a tropical depression developed about halfway between the Lesser Antilles and the Azores. It moved to the west, intensifying into a tropical storm and reaching peak winds of 40 mph km/h on (however, due to limited data, it is possible that the storm remained a tropical depression). The storm maintained that intensity on November 21 when it began weakening, dissipating later that day. Hurricane Alice (December) Atl Hurricane Alice 01 jan 1955 radar.jpg Alice2 1954 path.png December 30 January 6 80 980 Hurricane Alice (December 1954) The final storm of the season, Alice, developed on December 30 from a trough of low pressure in the central Atlantic Ocean in an area of unusually favorable conditions. The storm moved southwestward and gradually strengthened to reach hurricane status. It persisted into the following calendar year, passing through the Leeward Islands on January 2. Alice reached peak winds of 90 mph km/h on before encountering cold air and turning to the southeast. It dissipated on January 6 over the southeastern Caribbean Sea.José A. Colón 1955 On the formation of Hurricane Alice, 1955 U.S. Weather Bureau 2006-12-07 http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/084/mwr-084-01-0001.pdf Alice produced heavy rainfall and moderately strong winds across several islands along its path. Saba and Anguilla were affected the most, with total damage amounting to $623,500 (1955 USD).Gordon E. Dunn Walter R. Davis Paul L. Moore 1955 Hurricanes of 1955 Miami, Florida Weather Bureau Office 2006-12-07 http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/083/mwr-083-12-0315.pdf Operationally, lack of definitive data prevented the U.S. Weather Bureau from declaring the system a hurricane until January 2. It received the name Alice in early 1955, though re-analysis of the data supported extending its track to the previous year, resulting in two tropical cyclones of the same name in one season. It was one of only two storms to span two calendar years, along with Tropical Storm Zeta in 2005–06.National Weather Service 2006 Has there ever been a Tropical Storm so late in the year before? 2006-12-07 http://www.weather.gov/storms/zeta/ https://web.archive.org/web/20061231034520/http://www.weather.gov/storms/zeta/ 31 December 2006 dmy-allHurricane Enterprises LLC 2006 Oddball Tropical Systems 2006-12-07 http://www.hurricanealmanac.com/BonusContentOddball.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20061107142227/http://www.hurricanealmanac.com/BonusContentOddball.pdf 7 November 2006 Other system Atl First Color Photograph of Earth from Space.jpg 1954 Texas depression.JPG October 2 October 7 30 On October 2, a tropical depression moved westward from the coast of Cuba into the Gulf of Mexico. It moved westward without intensifying beyond winds of 35 mph km/h on, moving ashore about 40 mi km on north of Brownsville, Texas. The depression weakened as it moved across southern Texas and dropped heavy rainfall. Brownsville recorded over 3 in mm on in a 45-minute period, as well as about 6 in mm on in six hours. The rainfall rates of about an inch per hour was the heaviest since June 1950. The depression also moved ashore with high waves and tides.Staff Writer Associated Press The Tuscaloosa News Tropical Disturbance Blows Toward Texas 1954-10-03 2011-08-04 https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=whEdAAAAIBAJ&pg=4927,3753465&dq=texas+tropical&hl=en When the system reached the Big Bend region on October 5 it reintensified slightly. Around that time, the United States Navy conducted a rocket test from White Sands, New Mexico; this was despite that such tests were rarely performed when the skies were cloudy. The rocket took an unintended photograph of the depression from an altitude of about 100 mi km, which became the first such large-scale image of a tropical cyclone.L.F. Hubert Otto Berg Monthly Weather Review June 1955 119–124 A Rocket Portrait of a Tropical Storm 2011-08-04 http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/083/mwr-083-06-0119.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20110721061736/http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/083/mwr-083-06-0119.pdf 21 July 2011 live 10.1175/1520-0493(1955)083<0119:arpoat>2.0.co;2 83 6 1955MWRv...83..119H The depression later moved into New Mexico and dropped additional rainfall, interacting with an approaching cold front. Flooding was reported around Roswell, as well as along the Pecos River system. Rainfall in the state peaked at 9.8 in mm on in Canton, New Mexico. The system dissipated on October 7.http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/tdofoct1954.html Tropical Depression – October 3–7, 1954 David M. Roth 2007-06-20 Hydrometeorological Prediction Center 2011-04-26 https://web.archive.org/web/20110518162714/http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/tdofoct1954.html 18 May 2011 live Storm names The following list of names was used for named storms (tropical storms and hurricanes) that formed in the North Atlantic in 1954. The list was the same as 1953 with the exception of Gilda, which replaced Gail due to the latter's confusion with the term gale.Associated Press The Victoria Advocate Victoria, Texas September 10, 1954 Plenty of Names Left for Hurricane Season August 4, 2011 https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=HRdIAAAAIBAJ&pg=1534,5767404&dq=hurricane+florence&hl=en Alice (1) Barbara Carol Dolly Edna Florence Gilda Hazel Alice (2) Irene Jill Katherine Lucy Mabel Norma Orpha Patsy Queen Rachel Susie Tina Una Vicky Wallis Retirement List of retired Atlantic hurricane names The practice of retiring the names of particularly deadly or damaging storms from further use in the North Atlantic basin (initially for a period of 10 years) was begun by the United States Weather Bureau following the 1954 season. The names Carol, Edna, and Hazel were the first to be retired under this policy.Tropical Cyclone Naming History and Retired Names https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutnames_history.shtml National Hurricane Center Miami, Florida January 26, 2024 See also Tropical cyclones 1954 Pacific hurricane season 1954 Pacific typhoon season Australian region cyclone seasons: 1953–54 1954–55 South Pacific cyclone seasons: 1953–54 1954–55 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone seasons: 1953–54 1954–55 Notes nb References 2 External links Monthly Weather Review 1950 Atlantic hurricane 1954