1914 in science

none 1914 science 1914 The year 1914 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below. Astronomy and space exploration July 22 – Sinope, the outermost known moon of Jupiter, is discovered by Seth Barnes Nicholson at Lick Observatory. A 76 cm refracting telescope is built at Allegheny Observatory in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It is the fifth largest refractor in the world. Robert Goddard begins building rockets. Walter Sydney Adams determines an incredibly high density for Sirius B. Biology and medicine March 27 – Belgian surgeon Albert Hustin makes the first successful non-direct blood transfusion, using anticoagulants. August 1 – Swiss National Park (Parc Naziunal Svizzer) established in the Engadin region of Switzerland. September 1 – Martha, the last known passenger pigeon, dies, in the Cincinnati Zoo. November 6 – Jacques Loeb publishes a paper on artificial parthenogenesis in sea urchins.17742992 Loeb J. 1914-11-06 Activation of the Unfertilized Egg by Ultra-Violet Rays 40 1036 Science 680–681 10.1126/science.40.1036.680 1914Sci....40..680L https://zenodo.org/record/1448145 November 26 – Karl von Frisch publishes his first significant paper on honey bee behavior, "Der Farbensinn und Formensinn der Biene".Zoologische Jahrbücher, Abteilung für allgemeine Zoologie und Physiologie der Tiere (Jena) 35 (1914–15) pp. 1–182. 10.5962/bhl.title.11736 Julian Huxley publishes The Courtship Habits of the Great Crested Grebe,Huxley Julian S. 1914 The Courtship habits of the Great Crested Grrebe (Podiceps cristatus); with an addition to the Theory of Sexual Selection. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/31855761 Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 84 3 491–562 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1914.tb07052.x 0370-2774 a key text in ethology. John Joly develops a method of extracting radium and applying it in radiotherapy.Obituary The Irish Times 16 December 1933 1 Edward Calvin Kendall isolates thyroxine. Morris Simmonds first reports hypopituitarism.10.1055/s-0029-1190185 Simmonds M. Über hypophysisschwund mit todlichem ausgang 1914 Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift 40 322 7 https://zenodo.org/record/1429826 Oxymorphone, a powerful narcotic analgesic closely related to morphine, is first developed in Germany.Sinatra Raymond The Essence of Analgesia and Analgesics 2010 Cambridge University Press 978-0521144506 123 https://books.google.com/books?id=ZwPIjKg0XukC&q=oxymorphone+1914+germany&pg=PA123 Chemistry T. W. Richards finds variations between the atomic weight of lead from different mineral sources, attributable to variations in isotopic composition due to different radioactive origins.Scerri Eric R. 2007 The Periodic Table Oxford University Press 176–9 0-19-530573-6 Mathematics In analysis of the Riemann hypothesis G. H. Hardy shows there are infinitely many zeros on the critical line.Hardy G. H. Sur les zéros de la fonction ζ(s) de Riemann Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences Paris 158 1012–1014 1914 http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k3111d.image.f1014.langEN 45.0716.04 Reprinted in 978-0-387-72125-5 Borwein The Riemann Hypothesis: A Resource for the Af ficionado y and Virtuoso Alike CMS Books in Mathematics Springer New York Peter Stephen Choi Brendan Rooney Andrea Weirathmueller 2008 Harald Bohr and Edmund Landau show that for any positive ε, all but an infinitely small proportion of zeros lie within a distance ε of the critical line;Bohr H. Landau E. Ein Satz über Dirichletsche Reihen mit Anwendung auf die ζ-Funktion und die L-Funktionen 10.1007/BF03014823 Rendiconti del Circolo Matematico di Palermo 37 1 1914 269–272 121145912 and R. J. Backlund introduces a better method of checking the zeros. J. E. Littlewood shows that the prime number theorem underestimates the cumulative total of primes.10.2307/27641834 Granville Andrew Martin Greg Andrew Granville January 2006 Prime Number Races American Mathematical Monthly 113 1 1–33 http://www.dms.umontreal.ca/%7Eandrew/PDF/PrimeRace.pdf 27641834 Mineralogy Pascoite is first described.Hillebrand W. F. Merwin H. E. Wright Fred E. Hewettite, Metahewettite and Pascoite, Hydrous Calcium Vanadates Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. January–May 1914 53 213 31–54 984129 Physics April 24 – James Franck and Gustav Hertz's experiment on electron collisions showing internal quantum levels of atoms is presented to the Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft. October 1 – Edgar Buckingham introduces use of the symbol "i" for the dimensionless variables (or parameters) in what becomes known as the Buckingham π theorem, significant to dimensional analysis.E. Buckingham On physically similar systems: illustrations of the use of dimensional equations Physical Review American Physical Society 4 4 345–376 1914 1914PhRv....4..345B 10.1103/PhysRev.4.345 https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.31210014450082&view=1up&seq=905 10338.dmlcz/101743 free Ernest Rutherford suggests that the positively charged atomic nucleus contains protons. Technology February 3 – Willis Carrier patents an air conditioner in the United States. September 5 – British Royal Navy scout cruiser Pathfinder 1904 is sunk by German submarine U-21 in the Firth of Forth (Scotland), the first ship ever to be sunk by a locomotive torpedo fired from a submarine. November 3 – Polly Jacob patents a backless bra in the United States. Kodak introduce the Autographic system. Other events October 23 – Manifesto of the Ninety-Three proclaimed in Germany. Awards Nobel Prize Physics – Max von Laue Chemistry – Theodore William Richards Medicine – Robert Bárány Births February 5 – Alan Hodgkin (died 1998), English physiologist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1963).Neil Schlager Science and Its Times: 1950-present https://books.google.com/books?id=1o5FAAAAYAAJ 2000 Gale Group 978-0-7876-3939-6 153 February 22 – Renato Dulbecco (died 2012), Italian-born virologist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1975). March 5 – He Zehui (died 2011), Chinese nuclear physicist. March 8 – Yakov Borisovich Zel'dovich (died 1987), Russian astrophysicist. March 25 – Norman Borlaug (died 2009), American agronomist, humanitarian and Nobel laureate.Peggy Saari Stephen Allison Marie C. Ellavich Scientists: A-F https://books.google.com/books?id=wtkHAQAAMAAJ 1996 U-X-L 978-0-7876-0960-3 105 April 7 – Heinz Billing, German physicist and computer scientist (died 2017) May 19 – Max Perutz (died 2002), Austrian-born biologist.Manchester Memoirs https://books.google.com/books?id=Gx8oAQAAIAAJ 1999 The Society 113 June 3 – Ignacio Ponseti (died 2009), Menorcan-born pediatric orthopedist. June 4 – Alec Skempton (died 2001), English pioneer of soil science and engineering historian. July 15 – Gavin Maxwell (died 1969), Scottish naturalist.Harold Oxbury Great Britons: Twentieth-century Lives https://books.google.com/books?id=9coZAAAAYAAJ 1985 Oxford University Press 978-0-19-211599-7 239 July 24 – Frances Oldham Kelsey (died 2015), Canadian pharmacologist. August 13 – Grace Bates (died 1996), American mathematician. September 5 – Nicanor Parra (died 2018), Chilean poet and physicist. October 2 – Jack Parsons (died 1952), American rocket engineer and occultist. October 6 – Thor Heyerdahl (died 2002), Norwegian ethnographer and explorer, leader of the Kon-Tiki expedition.United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce. Subcommittee on Oceans and Atmosphere International Conference on Ocean Pollution: Hearings, Ninety-second Congress, Second Session ... https://books.google.com/books?id=HiUQAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA42 1972 U.S. Government Printing Office 42 October 14 – Raymond Davis Jr. (died 2006), American chemist and physicist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics (2002)Robyn V. Young Suzanne Sessine World of Chemistry https://books.google.com/books?id=imU6AQAAIAAJ 2000 Gale Group 978-0-7876-3650-0 295 October 20 – James C. Floyd, British-born Canadian aerospace engineer. October 21 – Martin Gardner (died 2010), American writer on recreational mathematics. October 28 Jonas Salk (died 1995), American medical researcher.Oren Harman Michael R. Dietrich Dreamers, Visionaries, and Revolutionaries in the Life Sciences https://books.google.com/books?id=9A1uDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA83 20 July 2018 University of Chicago Press 978-0-226-56990-1 83 Richard Laurence Millington Synge (died 1994), English chemist, Nobel Prize laureate.James K. Laylin Nobel Laureates in Chemistry, 1901-1992 https://books.google.com/books?id=jEy67gEvIuMC&pg=PA356 30 October 1993 Chemical Heritage Foundation 978-0-8412-2690-6 356 December 15 – Anatole Abragam, Russian-born French physicist (died 2011)Science Chronicle https://books.google.com/books?id=AqkEAAAAIAAJ 1974 Pakistan Council of Scientific & Industrial Research 67 December 20 – Mary Helen Wright Greuter (died 1997), American historian of astronomy. December 21 – Frank Fenner (died 2010), Australian virologist and microbiologist.The Australian Journal of Science https://books.google.com/books?id=_I7yAAAAMAAJ 1964 Australian National Research Council 254 December 31 – Mary Logan Reddick (died 1966), African American neuroembryologist. Deaths January 24 – Sir David Gill (born 1843), Scottish astronomer. March 19 – Giuseppe Mercalli (born 1850), Italian volcanologist. March 30 – John Henry Poynting (born 1852), English physicist, discovered the Poynting–Robertson effect and developed the Poynting vector. April 16 – George William Hill (born 1838), American astronomer. April 26 – Eduard Suess (born 1831), German geologist and ecologist. May 15 – Ida Freund (born 1863), Austrian-born British chemist and educator.Marelene F. Rayner-Canham Geoffrey Rayner-Canham Women in Chemistry: Their Changing Roles from Alchemical Times to the Mid-twentieth Century https://books.google.com/books?id=S_NJ7AubQIcC&pg=PA61 1998 Chemical Heritage Foundation 978-0-941901-27-7 61 May 27 – Joseph Swan (born 1828), English physicist.Institution of Electrical Engineers Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers https://books.google.com/books?id=oshNdpQ3MrIC 1915 Institution of Electrical Engineers 722 September 13 – Robert Hope-Jones (born 1859), English-born inventor of the theatre organ (suicide).Death of Robert Hope-Jones 19 September 1914 Music Trade Review November 5 – August Weismann (born 1834), German evolutionary biologist.United States Congressional Serial Set https://books.google.com/books?id=VuFGAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA19-PA28 1915 U.S. Government Printing Office 19 November 10 – Lydia Shackleton (born 1828), Irish botanical artist. November 28 – Johann Wilhelm Hittorf (born 1824), German physicist.Chemical Society (Great Britain) Journal of the Chemical Society https://books.google.com/books?id=FO44AAAAMAAJ 1915 The Society 582 December 24 – John Muir (born 1838), Scottish American geologist and ecologist, founder of the Sierra Club. December 29 – Johannes Ludwig Janson (born 1849), German veterinary scientist.21073248 8 Johannes Ludwig Janson, professor of veterinary medicine in Tokyo in 1880-1902 - contribution to German-Japanese medical relations, part IV 2010 Acta Med Hist Adriat 109–18 Kast A. 1 References Category:20th century in science Category:1910s in science