2001

2001 yes August 2019 cs1 2001 border:none;b 3/3/3/3 WTC smoking on 9-11.jpeg U.S. Marines humping in Afghanistan, November 2001.jpg Wikipedia puzzle globe on the wall of the Wikimedia Foundation, 2010-10-26 (1).jpg Sub-Committee on Energy and Commerce 012402.jpg Gujarat Earthquake Relief by RSS Volunteers.jpg Lightmatter ipod 1G.jpg Obelisco 20Dic01.jpg Foot-and-mouth disease.jpg JuniAracinovo2001.jpg 350 From top to bottom, left to right: the September 11 attacks kill nearly 3,000 and trigger the war on terror; the War in Afghanistan begins as U.S. led forces strike al-Qaeda and the Taliban; Wikipedia launches, reshaping access to knowledge; the Enron scandal exposes corporate fraud; the 2001 Gujarat earthquake kills tens of thousands in India; Apple unveils the first iPod, revolutionizing digital music; the December 2001 riots in Argentina erupt amid economic collapse; the 2001 United Kingdom foot-and-mouth outbreak devastates agriculture; Albanian insurgents initiate a conflict in Macedonia, the last of the Yugoslav Wars. 2001 2001 2001 2001's most prominent event was the September 11 attacks against the United States by al-Qaeda, which killed 2,977 people and launched the global war on terror. The United States led a multi-national coalition in an invasion of Afghanistan after the Taliban government was unable to extradite Al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden within 24 hours. Other international conflicts in 2001 were the standoff between India and Pakistan as well as the Second Intifada between Israel and Palestine. Internal conflicts began in Macedonia, in the Central African Republic, and in Guinea. Political challenges or violent conflicts caused changes in leadership in Argentina, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Indonesia, Nepal, and the Philippines. 2001 was the second warmest year on record at the time, which was amplified by the end of a years-long La Niña phase. The Atlantic and Pacific tropical storm seasons were both more active than usual. The deadly Bhuj Earthquake took place in Gujarat, India on January 26, while the strongest earthquake in 36 years took place in Peru on June 23. A potential health crisis occurred when a major outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease spread among British livestock, bringing about the deaths of millions of animals. Four hominid species were described or proposed, and several major archaeological finds took place, including a set of terracotta citizens near the Terracotta Army. The pygmy three-toed sloth was also first described in 2001. The year had the fewest successful orbital spaceflights since 1963, with eight crewed missions. Successes in space exploration included the landing of NEAR Shoemaker on an asteroid and the arrival of 2001 Mars Odyssey on Mars. Politics and religion in the final months of 2001 focused intently on the Muslim world and Islamic terrorism after the September 11 attacks. The Catholic Church was active in 2001, as Pope John Paul II went on several goodwill trips to meet with non-Catholic religious groups and investigations of sexual abuse cases among the church's priests began. Former Yugoslav president Slobodan Milošević was arrested and became the first head of state to be charged with crimes against humanity by an international body. The 27th G8 summit took place in Genoa and was met by 200,000 protestors. 2001 took place during a minor recession among developed and developing nations, with only middle income nations avoiding an economic downturn. The recession saw economic crises take place in Argentina and in Turkey. American energy company Enron and the European airlines Sabena and Swissair all ended operations in 2001. In popular culture, the Harry Potter and The Lord of the Rings film franchises were launched, the iPod and iTunes were invented for music, and three major sixth-generation video game systems became available. The Mac OS X and Windows XP operating systems were launched, as was the Wikipedia project. 2 Population The world population on January 1, 2001, was estimated to be 6.190 billion people and increased to 6.272 billion people by January 1, 2002.https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/MostUsed/ World Population Prospects 2022 2022 United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs November 28, 2022 July 11, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220711213112/https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/MostUsed/ live An estimated 133.9 million births and 52.1 million deaths took place in 2001. The average global life expectancy was 66.8 years, an increase of 0.3 years from 2000. There were approximately 12 million global refugees in 2001. 500,000 were settled over the course of the year, but about the same number of people were displaced in other locations, causing the number of refugees to remain largely unchanged. The largest sources of refugees were from Afghanistan and Macedonia. The number of internally displaced persons decreased from 21.8 million to 19.8 million in 2001, with the most affected areas being Afghanistan, Colombia, and Liberia.del Mundo Fernando 2002-06-18 2001 global refugee statistics https://www.unhcr.org/news/latest/2002/6/3d0f6dcb5/2001-global-refugee-statistics.html 2022-12-07 UNHCR en December 7, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221207193756/https://www.unhcr.org/news/latest/2002/6/3d0f6dcb5/2001-global-refugee-statistics.html live Conflicts There were 34 conflicts that resulted in at least 25 fatalities in 2001. Ten resulted in at least 1,000 fatalities: the Afghan Civil War, the invasion of Afghanistan, the Algerian Civil War, the Angolan Civil War, the Burundian Civil War, the Colombian conflict, the Second Chechen War in Russia, the Rwandan insurgency during the Second Congo War, Eelam War III in Sri Lanka, and the Second Sudanese Civil War. The majority of conflicts took place in Africa and Asia: 14 occurred in Africa and 13 occurred in Asia. Four new armed conflicts emerged in 2001: the insurgency in Macedonia, the attempted coup in the Central African Republic, the United States invasion of Afghanistan, and the entry of Sierra Leone's Revolutionary United Front into the RFDG Insurgency in Guinea.Gleditsch Nils Petter Wallensteen Peter Eriksson Mikael Sollenberg Margareta Strand Håvard 2002 Armed Conflict 1946-2001: A New Dataset Journal of Peace Research en 39 5 615–637 10.1177/0022343302039005007 0022-3433 109206821 free The Sierra Leone Civil War was the only conflict that ended in 2001.Seybolt Taylor B. SIPRI Yearbook 2002: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security Stockholm International Peace Research Institute 2002 9780199251766 21–62 en Major armed conflicts https://www.sipri.org/yearbook/2002/01 September 6, 2023 September 6, 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20230906013004/https://www.sipri.org/yearbook/2002/01 live 21 Internal conflicts 179px 100px 283 right DRC President Laurent-Désiré Kabila (left) was assassinated on January 16. Burundi President Pierre Buyoya (top) and CAR President Ange-Félix Patassé both faced coup attempts.The Second Congo War continued with the assassination of President Laurent-Désiré Kabila on January 16.29 The 1999 ceasefire was mostly respected by the government and the various rebel groups, and United Nations ceasefire monitors established a presence throughout the year.30 The Algerian Civil War, the Angolan Civil War, and the Burundian Civil War all saw continued fighting between governments and rebels in Africa.24–29 The latter began the peace process through a provisional government on November 1.27 The Second Sudanese Civil War between the ruling National Islamic Front and various other groups escalated in 2001.37 This included a sub-conflict, the War of the Peters, which continued into 2001 until a ceasefire was negotiated in August.https://books.google.com/books?id=3WQkACoP3FkC Sudan, Oil, and Human Rights Rone Jemera 2003 Human Rights Watch 77 March 21, 2023 October 2, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221002193114/https://books.google.com/books?id=3WQkACoP3FkC live Two failed coup attempts took place in 2001: a group of junior officers sought to overthrow President Pierre Buyoya in Burundi while he was out of the country on April 18,Chin John J. https://books.google.com/books?id=WyScEAAAQBAJ Historical Dictionary of Modern Coups D'état Wright Joseph Carter David B. 2022-12-13 Rowman & Littlefield 978-1-5381-2068-2 en September 6, 2023 September 29, 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20230929025204/https://books.google.com/books?id=WyScEAAAQBAJ live 218 and André Kolingba, a former president of the Central African Republic, led a military coup against his successor Ange-Félix Patassé on May 28, causing several days of violence.249 Several conflicts continued in Indonesia, though the insurgency in Aceh between the Indonesian government and the Free Aceh Movement was the only one to see widespread violence in 2001, as the war significantly escalated after the end of a ceasefire and breakdown of peace talks.46–47 The New People's Army rebellion saw two ceasefires between the Philippine government and the New People's Army, separated by a brief surge of heavy fighting after the assassination of a member of parliament. A ceasefire was also established with the nation's other insurgent group, the Moro Islamic Liberation Front.49 In Myanmar, the Karen conflict continued, and the insurgency of the Shan State resumed hostilities after a temporary peace in 1999. The Tamil Tigers declared a ceasefire and requested peace talks during the Eelam War III in Sri Lanka,50 but hostilities resumed on April 25, and the Tamil Tigers launched several suicide attacks in July, including the Bandaranaike Airport attack.51 The Nepalese Civil War also saw increased hostilities in 2001. thumb|Macedonian soldiers during the Battle of Aračinovo The only major conflict in Europe was the Second Chechen War between the Russian government and the separatist Chechen Republic of Ichkeria. Russian forces controlled the republic's population centers, but Chechen forces continued to use guerrilla warfare.53 Macedonia saw a smaller scale conflict between the Macedonian government and the National Liberation Army (NLA), which sought reform for the status of Albanian people in Macedonia.Marusic Sinisa Jakov 2021-01-22 20 Years On, Armed Conflict's Legacy Endures in North Macedonia https://balkaninsight.com/2021/01/22/20-years-on-armed-conflicts-legacy-endures-in-north-macedonia/ 2022-11-29 Balkan Insight en-US November 27, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20211127025258/https://balkaninsight.com/2021/01/22/20-years-on-armed-conflicts-legacy-endures-in-north-macedonia/ live The deployment of NATO peacekeeping forces to Macedonia was authorized on August 21. Yugoslavia similarly saw an insurgency by Albanian rebels, but the conflict did not escalate.53 The only major conflict in South America was the Colombian conflict between the Colombian government and various far-left and far-right groups.58 The United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia expanded into Ecuador in 2001 and carried out attacks on Ecuadorian citizens.60 International conflicts The 2001–2002 India–Pakistan standoff was the only conflict between two national governments in 2001. The territorial dispute over the region of Kashmir consisted primarily of small scale attacks by militant groups until two attacks on Indian legislature buildings: one in October and one in December. The latter provoked a major escalation of troop deployments with preparations for a major war.46 The Second Intifada continued from the previous year between Israel and Palestine.55 The conflict escalated into an undeclared war in which Palestinian militants targeted Israeli civilians with weapons and suicide bombers with the Israeli military responding with fighter jets and missile strikes against Palestinians.279 Every ceasefire ended within a day of its establishment.56 September 11 attacks and invasion of Afghanistan September 11 attacks United States invasion of Afghanistan thumb|The September 11 attacks were a defining event of the year 2001. The September 11 attacks were carried out by Al-Qaeda when 19 terrorists hijacked four commercial airplanes and crashed two of them into the World Trade Center, one into the Pentagon, and one near Stonycreek Township, Pennsylvania. 2,977 people were killed;Nadeem Reem 2021-09-02 Two Decades Later, the Enduring Legacy of 9/11 https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2021/09/02/two-decades-later-the-enduring-legacy-of-9-11/ 2022-11-23 Pew Research Center - U.S. Politics & Policy en-US November 24, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221124003208/https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2021/09/02/two-decades-later-the-enduring-legacy-of-9-11/ live 2021-09-20 The United Nations pays tribute to the victims of the 9/11 terrorist attacks at the 9/11 Memorial in New York https://www.un.org/counterterrorism/events/un-pays-tribute-to-victims-911-terrorist-attacks 2022-11-23 United Nations Office of Counter-Terrorism January 18, 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20230118013139/https://www.un.org/counterterrorism/events/un-pays-tribute-to-victims-911-terrorist-attacks live 2013-07-27 September 11 Terror Attacks Fast Facts https://www.cnn.com/2013/07/27/us/september-11-anniversary-fast-facts/index.html 2022-11-23 CNN en June 3, 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190603190712/https://www.cnn.com/2013/07/27/us/september-11-anniversary-fast-facts/ live the attacks and the subsequent global war on terror are widely recognized as events that defined 2001.18 This was internationally recognized as an armed attack against the United States under the UN charter, and NATO invoked Article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty for the first time in its history.491 The Afghan Civil War between the de jure Northern Alliance government and the de facto Taliban government continued from previous years.39 When the Taliban refused to extradite Al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden, the United States led a multi-national coalition in an invasion of Afghanistan on 7 October.41 The American-led coalition and the Northern Alliance captured Afghan cities until the Taliban surrendered to the Northern Alliance in Kandahar on December 6.42 The American-led coalition attacked the Al-Qaeda headquarters in Tora Bora in December, but Al-Qaeda's leadership had gone into hiding. An interim government of Afghanistan led by Hamid Karzai was formed on December 22.42–43 Culture Architecture 2001 in architecture thumb|upright|The Leaning Tower of Pisa reopened in 2001. New buildings constructed or opened in 2001 include the Bibliotheca Alexandrina in Alexandria,163 the Sendai Mediatheque in Sendai, the DG Bank building in Berlin, and Aurora Place in Sydney.164 Museums that opened in 2001 include the Jewish Museum Berlin designed by Daniel Libeskind, the National Museum of Australia designed by Howard Raggatt in Canberra, the Changi Chapel and Museum in Singapore, the Neue Galerie New York, and the Apartheid Museum in Johannesburg.233 Prominent renovations made in 2001 include the Queen Elizabeth II Great Court in the British Museum163 and the entrance wing of the Milwaukee Art Museum.164 Preservation efforts were also completed on the Leaning Tower of Pisa, and it reopened to the public on December 15 after 12 years of reconstruction.2001-12-15 Less leaning tower of Pisa reopens http://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/europe/12/15/pisa.tower/ CNN December 3, 2022 November 20, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221120061313/http://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/europe/12/15/pisa.tower/ live Damaged and destroyed buildings included the World Trade Center buildings which were destroyed in the September 11 attacks,527 and the Biblioteca Gallardo in El Salvador, which was destroyed in an earthquake.232 Art 2001 in art The 49th Venice Biennale shifted from traditional paintings and sculptures, giving an increased focus to film and architectural sculpture.525167 Avant-garde works of art sold well, with the highest earning being Gerhard Richter's painting of candles, which sold for US$5.4 million.525 A decline in the fashion industry was exacerbated by the September 11 attacks; styles with military or otherwise violent iconography were phased out.219–220 Improvements in inkjet printing made high resolution photography more practical. Japanese photographer Hiroshi Sugimoto exhibited his photographs of wax statues of historical figures to provoke questions about the nature of artistic depiction.171 Several iconic works of photojournalism were produced during the September 11 attacks, including The Falling Man and Raising the Flag at Ground Zero.Almond Kyle 2021-09-10 The 9/11 photos we will never forget https://www.cnn.com/interactive/2021/09/us/9-11-photos-cnnphotos/ 2022-12-08 CNN September 13, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220913054920/https://www.cnn.com/interactive/2021/09/us/9-11-photos-cnnphotos/ live Fritz Koenig's Sphere was the only artwork to be recovered from the site, and the sculpture continued to be displayed in its damaged form as a memorial.Blackemore Erin July 26, 2016 The World Trade Center's Only Surviving Art Heads Home https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/world-trade-centers-only-surviving-art-headed-back-home-180959910/ live https://web.archive.org/web/20221208020202/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/world-trade-centers-only-surviving-art-headed-back-home-180959910/ December 8, 2022 2022-12-08 Smithsonian Magazine en The most popular exhibition at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City was artwork depicting Jacqueline Kennedy's time as first lady of the United States, followed an exhibition of works by Johannes Vermeer and the Delft School. Both exhibitions were seen by over 500,000 visitors.525 New art galleries and museums opened in Tokyo, Miyazaki Hayao Hayao Miyazaki Isao Takahata Starting Point 1979–1996 Viz Media 2009 446–447 978-1-4215-0594-7 Viennahttps://www.leopoldmuseum.org/en/collection Collection Leopold Museum 19 October 2024 and New York.Goldberger Paul A Face-Lift on Fifth https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2001/12/03/a-face-lift-on-fifth 2021-04-13 The New Yorker November 26, 2001 en-us Media 2001 in film 2001 in music 2001 in video games The highest-grossing films in 2001 were Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring, Shrek and Monsters, Inc. The highest-grossing non-English-language film was Studio Ghibli's Spirited Away (Japanese), the 15th highest-grossing film of the year.2001 Worldwide Box Office https://www.boxofficemojo.com/year/world/2001/?ref_=bo_cso_table_1 March 7, 2020 Box Office Mojo IMDb July 19, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200719074502/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/year/world/2001/?ref_=bo_cso_table_1 live The inaugural entries in the Harry Potter and Lord of the Rings film franchises brought fantasy into mainstream culture, popularizing young adult novels and catering to fandom communities.Grauso Alisha 2020-08-05 How The 'Harry Potter' And 'Lord Of The Rings' Movies Made Being A Bookworm Cool Again https://atomtickets.com/movie-news/harry-potter-lord-of-the-rings-books-to-movies/ 2022-12-05 Atom Insider en-US December 5, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221205042938/https://atomtickets.com/movie-news/harry-potter-lord-of-the-rings-books-to-movies/ live Albury Whitley 2021-12-22 20 years ago, Harry Potter and LOTR changed culture https://www.moviejawn.com/home/2021/12/21/hp-lotr-20th 2022-12-05 Moviejawn en-US December 5, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221205042942/https://www.moviejawn.com/home/2021/12/21/hp-lotr-20th live GameCube-Console-Set.png Nintendo-Game-Boy-Advance-Purple-FL.jpg 2 / 2 Xbox-Console-wDuke-L.jpg 2001 saw the release of the GameCube and Game Boy Advance by Nintendo, the Xbox by Microsoft, and the iPod by Apple. 300 Ipod 1G.png In music, 3.2 billion units were sold with a value of US$33.7 billion. DVD-Audio and Super Audio CD rose to prominence, with approximately 600 titles available in these formats.http://www.ifpi.org/content/library/worldsales2001.pdf The Recording Industry World Sales 2002 2022-12-03 https://web.archive.org/web/20061219035001/http://www.ifpi.org/content/library/worldsales2001.pdf 2006-12-19 Portable music grew in popularity after Apple released the iTunes media library on January 9 and the first iPod music player device on October 23. The music sharing program Napster ended its services after it was accused of facilitating music piracy, but it was replaced by other programs such as FastTrack.177 Worldwide, the best-selling albums were Hybrid Theory (2000) by Linkin Park, No Angel (1999) by Dido, and Survivor (2001) by Destiny's Child. The best-selling non-English album was Cieli di Toscana (Tuscan Skies; 2001) by Italian tenor Andrea Bocelli, which topped the charts in the Netherlands and Swedenhttp://australian-charts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Andrea+Bocelli&titel=Cieli+di+Toscana&cat=a Cieli di Toscana chart performance 2022-12-03 2012-10-23 https://web.archive.org/web/20121023022138/http://australian-charts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Andrea+Bocelli&titel=Cieli+di+Toscana&cat=a live australian-charts.com and was the 23rd best-selling album globally.2000-2005 Top 50 Albums [XLS] https://www.ifpi.org/content/library/top-5-albums-2000-2005.xls https://web.archive.org/web/20120323114337/http://www.ifpi.org/content/library/top-5-albums-2000-2005.xls 2012-03-23 2022-12-03 IFPI Three major video game systems were released in 2001: the GameCube and the Game Boy Advance by Nintendo and the Xbox by Microsoft. Meanwhile, Sega ended its involvement in the market after the failure of the Dreamcast.181 The year 2001 is considered important in the video game industry, partly because of the release of many games recognized as classics.Kelly Andy 2021-09-30 2001 Was The Best Year Ever For Video Games https://www.thegamer.com/best-year-for-games-2001-halo-silent-hill-2-grand-theft-auto-3/ 2022-12-03 TheGamer en-US December 3, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221203045647/https://www.thegamer.com/best-year-for-games-2001-halo-silent-hill-2-grand-theft-auto-3/ live Fillari Alessandro 2021-02-06 Remembering 2001: The Biggest Games That Turn 20 This Year https://www.gamespot.com/gallery/remembering-2001-the-biggest-games-that-turn-20-this-year/2900-3699/#14 2022-12-03 GameSpot en-US December 3, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221203045651/https://www.gamespot.com/gallery/remembering-2001-the-biggest-games-that-turn-20-this-year/2900-3699/#14 live Many video games released in 2001 defined or redefined their respective genres, including hack and slash game Devil May Cry,Madsen Hayes 21 years ago, Capcom changed action games forever https://www.inverse.com/gaming/devil-may-cry-21st-anniversary 2022-12-10 Inverse October 17, 2022 en December 10, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221210042856/https://www.inverse.com/gaming/devil-may-cry-21st-anniversary live Figueiredo Erick Duarte 2022-10-02 Devil May Cry and Ninja Gaiden: The Two Extremes of the Hack-and-Slash Genre https://www.superjumpmagazine.com/devil-may-cry-ninja-gaiden-the-two-extremes-of-the-hack-and-slash-genre/ 2022-12-10 Superjump en December 10, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221210042857/https://www.superjumpmagazine.com/devil-may-cry-ninja-gaiden-the-two-extremes-of-the-hack-and-slash-genre/ live first-person shooter game Halo: Combat Evolved,Carnley Zackery Van 2021-04-19 How Halo Has Defined the Shooter Genre https://gamerant.com/halo-influence-shooters-multiplayer-story-character/ 2022-12-10 Game Rant en-US December 10, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221210042856/https://gamerant.com/halo-influence-shooters-multiplayer-story-character/ live Plant Mike In the loop: how Halo defined a new decade of first-person shooters https://www.theregister.com/2012/11/06/feature_how_halo_became_the_foundation_for_a_decades_games/ 2022-12-10 The Register en December 10, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221210042856/https://www.theregister.com/2012/11/06/feature_how_halo_became_the_foundation_for_a_decades_games/ live and open world action-adventure game Grand Theft Auto III, which is regarded as an industry-defining work.Kelly Andy 2021-10-27 Grand Theft Auto 3 Changed Video Games Forever https://www.thegamer.com/grand-theft-auto-3-changed-games-forever/ 2022-12-03 TheGamer en-US December 3, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221203045650/https://www.thegamer.com/grand-theft-auto-3-changed-games-forever/ live Gordon Jeremy 2021-10-22 After 'Grand Theft Auto III,' Open-World Games Were Never (and Always) the Same https://www.theringer.com/2021/10/22/22737333/grand-theft-auto-gta-rockstar-open-world-assassins-creed 2022-12-03 The Ringer en December 3, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221203045646/https://www.theringer.com/2021/10/22/22737333/grand-theft-auto-gta-rockstar-open-world-assassins-creed live Sports 2001 in sports Many sports events were postponed in the final months of 2001 after the September 11 attacks, particularly in the United States. Other sports were postponed in the United Kingdom and Ireland because of foot-and-mouth disease. Throughout the year, Salt Lake City, Utah, prepared for the 2002 Winter Olympics, while Beijing was announced as the host of the 2008 Summer Olympics.316 Qualifications for the 2002 FIFA World Cup were the main football events in 2001.534 The world record for largest victory in an international football match was set by Australia in a 0–22 victory against Tonga on April 9. Australia set this record again with a 31–0 victory against American Samoa on April 11. The unbalanced nature of these matches prompted changes to the FIFA qualification process.2018-06-09 How a 31-0 'farce' changed Australia's FIFA World Cup fortunes https://www.hindustantimes.com/football/how-a-31-0-farce-changed-australia-s-fifa-world-cup-fortunes/story-39iqd32nSWMt146Sdg7vRO.html 2022-12-01 Hindustan Times en December 1, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221201184542/https://www.hindustantimes.com/football/how-a-31-0-farce-changed-australia-s-fifa-world-cup-fortunes/story-39iqd32nSWMt146Sdg7vRO.html live 2001-04-12 Samoans lose 31-0 - or was it 32-0? http://www.theguardian.com/football/2001/apr/12/newsstory.sport3 2022-12-01 The Guardian en April 11, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220411104243/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2001/apr/12/newsstory.sport3 live In Europe, the UEFA Women's Cup began its first season, establishing a continent-wide women's competition for association football clubs under UEFA.2019-12-04 Women's Champions League switching to group format https://timesofmalta.com/articles/view/womens-champions-league-switching-to-group-format.754837 2023-03-24 Times of Malta en-gb March 24, 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20230324040408/https://timesofmalta.com/articles/view/womens-champions-league-switching-to-group-format.754837 live American tennis players Jennifer Capriati and Venus Williams shared the four Grand Slam tournaments,316 whilst France won the Davis Cup for the 9th time.Bud Collins The Bud Collins History of Tennis 2010 New Chapter Press [New York] 978-0942257700 495–496, 505 2nd NASCAR driver Dale Earnhardt, described as the greatest driver in the sport's history, died in a crash during the 2001 Daytona 500 on February 18.316Caldwell Dave 2001-02-19 AUTO RACING; Dale Earnhardt, 49, Racing Star en-US The New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/2001/02/19/sports/auto-racing-dale-earnhardt-49-racing-star.html 2022-11-20 0362-4331 November 20, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221120191343/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/02/19/sports/auto-racing-dale-earnhardt-49-racing-star.html live In April, golf player Tiger Woods became the only player to achieve a "Tiger Slam" after winning the 2001 Masters Tournament, in which he consecutively won all four championship golf titles outside of a single calendar year.DiMeglio Steve 2021-04-05 'Greatest golf ever played': Witnesses to Tiger Woods' streak of four major wins look back on an improbable run https://golfweek.usatoday.com/2021/04/05/tiger-woods-masters-2001-tiger-slam-major-championships/ 2022-12-01 Golfweek en-US December 1, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221201184545/https://golfweek.usatoday.com/2021/04/05/tiger-woods-masters-2001-tiger-slam-major-championships/ live The "Thunder in Africa" boxing match ended in a major upset after Hasim Rahman defeated champion Lennox Lewis on April 22. Lewis would go on to win a rematch on November 11.536Lancaster Rob 2015-04-22 Thunder in Africa: Recalling Hasim Rahman's Shock Win Over Lennox Lewis https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2438671-thunder-in-africa-recalling-hasim-rahmans-shock-win-over-lennox-lewis 2022-12-09 Bleacher Report en December 9, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221209164604/https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2438671-thunder-in-africa-recalling-hasim-rahmans-shock-win-over-lennox-lewis live In cricket, Australia's record-setting streak of sixteen Test victories in a row was broken by India.537 Economy Category:2001 in economic history 2001 world oil market chronology Economic effects of the September 11 attacks thumb|upright|Social unrest occurred during the Argentine great depression. A minor economic decline took place among many developed economies in 2001. It was amplified by the dot-com crash, in which dot-com companies went out of business every day for much of the year due to an overvaluation of the tech industry.Johnson Bobbie Francisco San 2009-12-14 Ten years of technology: 2001 en-GB The Guardian https://www.theguardian.com/technology/blog/2009/dec/14/technology-decade-2001 2023-09-30 0261-3077 October 6, 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20231006204734/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/blog/2009/dec/14/technology-decade-2001 live Further economic disruption occurred in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks.Huddleston Tom 2020-04-09 How many recessions you've actually lived through and what happened in every one https://www.cnbc.com/2020/04/09/what-happened-in-every-us-recession-since-the-great-depression.html 2022-12-10 CNBC en December 10, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221210180825/https://www.cnbc.com/2020/04/09/what-happened-in-every-us-recession-since-the-great-depression.html live These factors gave the first major demonstration of globalization causing mutual downturn across nations rather than the more typical mutual growth.7 Global growth in 2001 was the lowest in a decade, though middle income countries such as those in Eastern Europe were able to sustain growth despite the global downturn.https://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/publication/world-economic-situation-and-prospects-2002/ World Economic Situation and Prospects 2002 United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs 2002 92-1-109141-1 September 29, 2023 November 28, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20211128003013/https://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/publication/world-economic-situation-and-prospects-2002/ live 30 Unemployment and deflation became concerns across developed nations.3 The year also marked a decline in international trade by about 1.5%, which contrasted with the 11% increase in 2000. This was the first negative change in international trade since 1982. IT industries and the dot-com crash are attributed for the decline in trade.https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/its2002_e/its2002_e.pdf International trade statistics 2002 2002 World Trade Organization 92-870-1225-3 1020-4997 2022-11-28 December 6, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221206202829/https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/its2002_e/its2002_e.pdf live Economic crises took place in Argentina and in Turkey.16 The recession in Argentina negatively affected the economy throughout Latin America,37 and the years-long economic crisis reached its peak in December, causing widespread social unrest and the resignation of the President of Argentina.https://archive.org/details/annualregister200000unse/ The Annual Register: A Record of World Events 2001 Keesing's Worldwide 2002 1-886994-45-5 Lewis D. S. 24316Epstein Edward Broken Promises?: The Argentine Crisis and Argentine Democracy Pion-Berlin David Lexington Books 2006 978-0-7391-5268-3 3 en America Online (AOL), a U.S. online service provider, was at the apex of its popularity and purchased the media conglomerate Time Warner. The deal was announced on January 10, in the largest merger in history at that time. AOL would rapidly shrink thereafter, partly due to the decline of dial-up and rise of broadband, and the deal would fall apart before the end of the decade, which would be regarded as one of the world's greatest business failures.Lovelace Berkeley 2018-06-13 Steve Case to AT&T: Learn from my AOL-Time Warner failures https://www.cnbc.com/2018/06/13/steve-case-to-att-learn-from-my-aol-time-warner-failures.html 2022-12-01 CNBC en December 1, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221201171523/https://www.cnbc.com/2018/06/13/steve-case-to-att-learn-from-my-aol-time-warner-failures.html live Arango Tim 2010-01-11 How the AOL-Time Warner Merger Went So Wrong en-US The New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/11/business/media/11merger.html 2022-12-01 0362-4331 January 24, 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100124024239/https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/11/business/media/11merger.html live Major businesses that ended operations in 2001 included the American energy company Enron and the national airlines of Belgium and Switzerland (Sabena and Swissair, respectively).189 The Enron scandal took place in October 2001 when, Enron was found to be committing fraud, bringing about the criminal conviction of several executives and causing the company to undergo the largest bankruptcy at that point in U.S. history.How the Enron Scandal Changed American Business Forever https://time.com/6125253/enron-scandal-changed-american-business-forever/ 2022-12-01 Time en December 1, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221201054738/https://time.com/6125253/enron-scandal-changed-american-business-forever/ live E-commerce declined in 2001, with the exception of eBay, which saw significant growth.178 Environment and weather 2001 in the environment List of earthquakes in 2001 Tropical cyclones in 2001thumb|upright|One of the landslides caused by the January 2001 earthquake in El Salvador2001 was the second hottest year on record at the time, exceeded only by 1998.Annual 2001 Global Climate Report https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/monthly-report/global/200113 2023-03-25 National Centers for Environmental Information March 25, 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20230325051126/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/monthly-report/global/200113 live The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change released its Third Assessment Report on July 12.213 It warned that climate change in the 21st century could cause decreases in crop yields and an increase in temperature-related ailments and deaths.Readfearn Graham 2014-03-31 The hellish monotony of 25 years of IPCC climate change warnings en-GB The Guardian https://www.theguardian.com/environment/planet-oz/2014/mar/31/ipcc-climate-change-impacts-report-history-warnings 2023-03-25 0261-3077 March 25, 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20230325051126/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/planet-oz/2014/mar/31/ipcc-climate-change-impacts-report-history-warnings live Droughts occurred in Australia, Central America, Kenya, and the Middle East, the latter continuing from years prior. Hungary, Russia and Southeast Asia experienced significant rains, causing flooding. North Asia underwent a severe winter. La Niña, which had been ongoing since 1998, ended in the east Atlantic by April 2001.186 The Kyoto Protocol was weakened in March when President George W. Bush determined that the United States would relinquish its commitments to the agreement, but an effort to maintain the agreement in Europe was led by Germany.486–487 There was an environmental scare in Europe during an investigation into depleted uranium from the Kosovo War, but it was shown to pose no threat.485 The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, which restricted several organic pollutants, was signed on May 22 and 23.491 There were four earthquakes in 2001 that caused significant casualties. El Salvador was struck by two of them: a 7.6-magnitude earthquake on January 13 and a 6.6-magnitude earthquake on February 13, which resulted in the deaths of at least 944 and 315 people respectively.Consolidado Final de Afectaciones - Terremoto El Salvador 13 de Enero de 2001 http://proteccioncivil.gob.sv/zonadescargas/Terremoto%20Enero%20de%202001%20-%20Final.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20150924082509/http://www.proteccioncivil.gob.sv/zonadescargas/Terremoto%20Enero%20de%202001%20-%20Final.pdf September 24, 2015 es The Bhuj earthquake, a 7.7-magnitude earthquake in Gujarat, India, on January 26 killed between 13,805 and 20,023 people, and destroyed nearly 340,000 buildings.Preliminary Earthquake Report https://neic.usgs.gov/neis/eq_depot/2001/eq_010126/ https://web.archive.org/web/20071120094220/http://neic.usgs.gov/neis/eq_depot/2001/eq_010126/ 20 November 2007 21 November 2007 USGS Earthquake Hazards ProgramSen Kavita January 2001 Economic consequences of the Gujarat earthquake https://www.academia.edu/4617331 Academia November 30, 2022 November 30, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221130074959/https://www.academia.edu/4617331 live An 8.4-magnitude earthquake, then the strongest that had occurred globally since 1965, killed at least 77 people in Peru on June 23.July 3, 2001 Initial Report on 23 June 2001 Arequipa, Peru Earthquake https://www.eeri.org/lfe/pdf/peru_arequipa_initial_reconnaissance_part1.pdf November 30, 2021 eeri.org December 5, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20211205135748/https://www.eeri.org/lfe/pdf/peru_arequipa_initial_reconnaissance_part1.pdf live A 7.8-magnitude earthquake struck China with an epicenter near Kokoxili, close to the border between Qinghai and Xinjiang, on November 14, but it occurred in a sparsely populated mountainous region and there were no casualties.Van Der Woerd J. Meriaux, A.S. Klinger, Y. Ryerson, F.J. Gaudemer, Y. Tapponnier, P. 2002 The 14 November 2001, Mw 7.8 Kokoxili earthquake in northern Tibet (Qinghai Province, China) http://eost.unistra.fr/fileadmin/upload/EOST/Jeromevdw/publications/vdWoerd_et_al._SRL2002.pdf dead Seismological Research Letters 73 2 125–135 10.1785/gssrl.73.2.125 2002SeiRL..73..125V https://web.archive.org/web/20200901174057/http://eost.unistra.fr/fileadmin/upload/EOST/Jeromevdw/publications/vdWoerd_et_al._SRL2002.pdf 1 September 2020 0895-0695 Sicily saw the eruption of Mount Etna, beginning on July 17 and continuing into the next month.185 The 2001 Atlantic hurricane season was slightly more active than normal, including 15 tropical storms and hurricanes. The deadliest storms were Tropical Storm Allison in June, Hurricane Iris in October, and Hurricane Michelle in November. All three of these storms had their names retired by the World Meteorological Organization. Tropical Storm Allison was the deadliest tropical storm to hit the United States without reaching hurricane strength.John L. Beven Stewart R. Stewart Miles B. Lawrence Lixion A. Avila James L. Franklin Richard J. Pasch July 1, 2003 Atlantic Hurricane Season of 2001 https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/mwre/131/7/1520-0493_2003_131_1454_ashso_2.0.co_2.xml?tab_body=pdf Monthly Weather Review 131 7 1454–1484 2003MWRv..131.1454B 10.1175/1520-0493(2003)131<1454:ASHSO>2.0.CO;2 1520-0493 123028502 November 30, 2022 November 30, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221130165511/https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/mwre/131/7/1520-0493_2003_131_1454_ashso_2.0.co_2.xml?tab_body=pdf live The 2001 Pacific typhoon season was slightly larger than average, including 28 tropical storms, 20 typhoons, and 11 intense typhoons. The most powerful storms were Typhoon Podul in October and Typhoon Faxai in December.Rockett Paul Saunders Mark Roberts Frank January 25, 2002 Summary of 2001 NW Pacific Typhoon Season and Verification of Authors' Seasonal Forecasts https://www.tropicalstormrisk.com/docs/TSRNWP2001Verification.pdf Tropical Storm Risk University College London November 30, 2022 November 30, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221130162449/https://www.tropicalstormrisk.com/docs/TSRNWP2001Verification.pdf live Health Category:2001 in health thumb|Cattle being burned to prevent spread of foot-and-mouth disease: millions of cattle died during the 2001 outbreak. The World Health Organization (WHO) began a five-year program to reduce road injury fatalities following a warning of the problem's severity by the Red Cross the previous year.2011-06-24 Ten Great Public Health Achievements --- Worldwide, 2001--2010 https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6024a4.htm 2022-12-07 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention December 7, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221207232929/https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6024a4.htm live The WHO's Commission on Macroeconomics and Health released a report in 2001 detailing how spending by developed nations could protect health in developing nations.2002-01-05 The big events of 2001 British Medical Journal 324 7328 0 0959-8138 1121931 New drugs developed in 2001 include imatinib to treat cancer, and nateglinide to treat diabetes.224 2001 saw the first self-contained artificial heart implanted in a patient.25 Outbreaks of cholera occurred in Chad, India, Pakistan, Tanzania, South Africa, and throughout Western Africa; outbreaks of yellow fever took place in Brazil, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, and Peru; and outbreaks of meningococcal disease occurred in the African meningitis belt as well as Angola, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Ethiopia. Other major disease outbreaks included Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever in Kosovo and Pakistan, measles in India and South Korea, Legionnaires' disease in Spain and Norway, dengue fever in Venezuela, and plague in Zambia.223 Spain's outbreak of Legionnaires' disease was the largest ever recorded, with 449 confirmed cases and more than 800 suspected ones.García-Fulgueiras Ana Navarro Carmen Fenoll Daniel García José González-Diego Paulino Jiménez-Buñuales Teresa Rodriguez Miguel Lopez Rosa Pacheco Francisco Ruiz Joaquín Segovia Manuel Baladrón Beatriz Pelaz Carmen 2003 Legionnaires' Disease Outbreak in Murcia, Spain Emerging Infectious Diseases 9 8 915–921 10.3201/eid0908.030337 1080-6040 3020623 12967487 2003EIDis...9..915G An ebola outbreak continued from 2000 in Uganda until the final case was diagnosed on January 16.Okware S. I. Omaswa F. G. Zaramba S. Opio A. Lutwama J. J. Kamugisha J. Rwaguma E. B. Kagwa P. Lamunu M. 2002 An outbreak of Ebola in Uganda Tropical Medicine & International Health 7 12 1068–1075 10.1046/j.1365-3156.2002.00944.x 1360-2276 12460399 31488443 free Another outbreak occurred in Gabon and the Republic of the Congo in October, which continued until July 2002.2003-06-27 Outbreak(s) of Ebola haemorrhagic fever, Congo and Gabon, October 2001-July 2002 Relevé Épidémiologique Hebdomadaire 78 26 223–228 0049-8114 15571171 An outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease occurred among livestock in the United Kingdom in 2001, resulting in millions of farm animals being slaughtered to prevent spread.Knight-Jones T. J. Rushton J 2013 The economic impacts of foot and mouth disease – What are they, how big are they and where do they occur? Preventive Veterinary Medicine 112 3–4 161–173 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2013.07.013 3989032 23958457https://archive.org/details/britannica200100ency Encyclopædia Britannica: 2001 Year in Review 2002 Encyclopædia Britannica 9780852298312 en153–155 Approximately 400,000 people in New York City were exposed to air pollution by carcinogens and other harmful particles such as asbestos and metals as a result of the September 11 attacks, and many would go on to suffer chronic illness as a result of exposure.2022-09-01 Toxins and Health Impacts: Health Effects of 9/11 - WTC Health Program https://www.cdc.gov/wtc/exhibition/toxins-and-health-impacts.html 2022-12-08 Centers for Disease Control en December 8, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221208003659/https://www.cdc.gov/wtc/exhibition/toxins-and-health-impacts.html live A series of anthrax attacks against American government and media figures in October further spurred precautions against bioterrorism.222 Politics and law 2001 in politics Freedom House recognized 63% of national governments as electoral democracies by the end of 2001, with the Gambia and Mauritania being recognized as democracies following peaceful transfers of power. Peru also saw a significant expansion of civil rights after emerging from the authoritarian rule of Alberto Fujimori. Argentina, Liberia, Trinidad and Tobago, and Zimbabwe underwent significant democratic backsliding in 2001, with Liberia and Zimbabwe recognized as authoritarian governments by the end of the year. 64.65% of the world's population lived in countries that generally respected human rights, while 35.35% lived in countries that denied political rights and civil liberties.https://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/2020-02/Freedom_in_the_World_2001-2002_complete_book.pdf Freedom in the World: The Annual Survey of Political Rights and Civil Liberties 2001-2002 Karatnycky Adrian 2002 December 7, 2022 October 19, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221019090656/http://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/2020-02/Freedom_in_the_World_2001-2002_complete_book.pdf live Islamic terrorism became the predominant global political concern amidst the September 11 attacks and the war on terror. Islamic extremism was identified as a major threat to democracy and human rights, both in the Muslim world through the implementation of Islamism and in the rest of the world through terrorism.December 2023 This is cited to a booklet published by Freedom House in 2002. Its contents are intently focused on the latter half of 2001 and it does not have the required historical distance to view these events with clarity. Racial discrimination, the ability to prosecute human rights violators, the number of refugees, and the problems of economic disadvantage were among the global human rights concerns that were given the most attention in 2001.312 Domestic politics thumb|Former Argentine president Fernando de la Rúa leaving the Casa Rosada after resigning on December 21 The Islamic State of Afghanistan was the de jure government of Afghanistan in 2001, but for several years it had operated as a government in exile while the Taliban-led Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan held de facto control over most of the country.Ibrahimi S. Yaqub 2017-11-02 The Taliban's Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001): 'War-Making and State-Making' as an Insurgency Strategy Small Wars & Insurgencies 28 6 947–972 10.1080/09592318.2017.1374598 148986180 0959-2318 The Islamic State of Afghanistan was restored to power following the invasion of Afghanistan with the appointment of president Hamid Karzai on December 22.43 Joseph Kabila became president of the Democratic Republic of the Congo following the assassination of his father, President Laurent-Désiré Kabila.https://archive.org/details/time2002annual00edit Time Annual 2002 Time Magazine 2002 9781929049622 77 President Abdurrahman Wahid of Indonesia was removed from office after thousands of protesters stormed the parliament building, and he was replaced by Vice President Megawati Sukarnoputri, daughter of former president Sukarno.77 The Second EDSA Revolution took place in the Philippines in January when President Joseph Estrada resigned amid an impeachment, and he was succeeded by Vice President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo.77 The Argentine great depression escalated with rioting in December, prompting President Fernando de la Rúa to resign on December 20 and the fall of the interim government soon after.16 Kosovo and East Timor both held elections for the first time in 2001 as they sought independence.18 Other changes in leadership included the inauguration of George W. Bush as President of the United States, the election of Alejandro Toledo as President of Peru,16 the selection of Junichiro Koizumi as Prime Minister of Japan,19 and the election of Ariel Sharon as Prime Minister of Israel. Other leaders saw reconfirmation, including the reelection of Mohammad Khatami as President of Iran and the victory of the United Kingdom's Labour Party led by Tony Blair in the 2001 election.77 In response to the September 11 attacks, the United States passed the controversial Patriot Act that granted the U.S. government significant surveillance powers. Ghana underwent its first peaceful transfer of power since 1979 when John Kufuor was sworn in as President of Ghana on January 7.https://www.systemicpeace.org/polity/P5Ghana2018.pdf Ghana 2018 Center for Systemic Peace 2022-12-02 December 5, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221205172817/https://www.systemicpeace.org/polity/P5Ghana2018.pdf live The Netherlands became the first modern country to legalize same-sex marriage on April 1.Oran Doyle https://books.google.com/books?id=b4IhAQAAIAAJ Committed Relationships and the Law William Binchy Four Courts Press 2007 978-1-84682-087-8 89 The royal family of Nepal was killed on June 1 by Crown Prince Dipendra, who became king upon his father's death. Dipendra fell into a coma after shooting himself, and he died days later. He in turn was succeeded by his uncle Gyanendra.72–73 The Constitution of the Comoros was amended on December 24, creating a federal government with a rotating presidency and granting increased autonomy to the three island administrations.https://www.systemicpeace.org/polity/P5Comoros2018.pdf Comoros 2018 Center for Systemic Peace 2022-12-02 December 2, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221202041859/https://www.systemicpeace.org/polity/P5Comoros2018.pdf live International politics thumb|Anti-globalization activists burning a military vehicle outside of the 27th G8 summit Two major regional organizations were announced in 2001. The African Union was established on May 26 as a pan-African forum to promote unity between African countries, including cooperation in economic and security issues, and would replace the Organisation of African Unity in 2002. The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation was announced on June 15 to facilitate political and economic cooperation between Asian countries. Three countries joined the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001: Lithuania on May 31,2021-05-31 Lithuania marks 20th anniversary of its accession to the World Trade Organization https://ca.urm.lt/default/en/news/lithuania-marks-20th-anniversary-of-its-accession-to-the-wold-trade-organization-1 2022-11-20 Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Lithuania Kryptis Dizaino March 24, 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240324051001/https://ca.urm.lt/default/en/news/lithuania-marks-20th-anniversary-of-its-accession-to-the-wold-trade-organization-1 dead Moldova on July 26,2021-07-26 The Republic of Moldova marks 20 years since joining the World Trade Organization https://mfa.gov.md/en/content/republic-moldova-marks-20-years-joining-world-trade-organization 2022-11-20 Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration of the Republic of Moldova November 20, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221120215454/https://mfa.gov.md/en/content/republic-moldova-marks-20-years-joining-world-trade-organization live and China on December 11.China and the WTO https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/china_e.htm 2022-11-20 World Trade Organization February 24, 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170224134433/https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/china_e.htm live The WTO began the Doha Development Round in November to negotiate lower trade barriers between countries and integrate developing nations into the global economy.18 The World Conference against Racism 2001 began on August 31, in Durban, South Africa, under the auspices of the United Nations.Racism and Human Rights (World Conference Against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance - 2001) https://www.hrw.org/legacy/campaigns/race/ 2022-11-20 Human Rights Watch December 9, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221209022152/https://www.hrw.org/legacy/campaigns/race/ live Israel and the United States withdrew from the conference on September 3 over objections to a draft resolution document equating Zionism with racism and singling out the Jewish state for war crimes.2009-04-20 Anti-Semitism at the UN https://www.dw.com/en/controversy-over-israel-dogs-un-racism-conference-again/a-4193498 2022-12-04 2022-11-20 https://web.archive.org/web/20221120043740/https://www.dw.com/en/controversy-over-israel-dogs-un-racism-conference-again/a-4193498 Deutsche Welle en The Aarhus Convention took effect on October 30, establishing the right to environmental information and environmental justice for European and Central Asian countries.Rodenhoff Vera 2002 The Aarhus Convention and its Implications for the 'Institutions' of the European Community https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1467-9388.00332 Review of European Community & International Environmental Law en 11 3 343–357 10.1111/1467-9388.00332 0962-8797 December 2, 2022 December 2, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221202223718/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1467-9388.00332 live subscription The 27th G8 summit was marred by anti-globalization protests in Genoa, Italy. Massive demonstrations, drawing an estimated 200,000 people, were held against the meeting. One demonstrator, Carlo Giuliani, was killed by a policeman, and several others were injured.76November 2023 The September 11 attacks demonstrated a need for international law to address terrorism and other non-state actors, and a push by UN Secretary General Kofi Annan in November saw progress in multiple international treaties.491 The Budapest Convention on Cybercrime, the first international treaty to address cybercrime, was signed on November 23. Diplomatic disputes in 2001 included a diplomatic incident when an American spy plane and a Chinese fighter plane collided over the South China Sea,70–71 and a dispute between Japan and North Korea when the North Korean leader's son, Kim Jong-nam, attempted to sneak into Tokyo Disneyland.76 Achievement tests and stricter penalties against delinquent students became controversial educational practices in several countries.206 Law Milosevic in Hague (cropped 4 to 3 ratio).jpg Radislav Krstic2013.jpg Former Yugoslav President Slobodan Milošević and general Radislav Krstić both faced prosecution in 2001 by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. 250 Belgium set precedent when the government prosecuted crimes of the Rwandan genocide, invoking a 1993 law that gave Belgian courts jurisdiction over Geneva Conventions violations that take place anywhere in the world.226 In another first for international law, the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia determined that wartime sexual violence was a war crime.374 President Slobodan Milošević of Yugoslavia (1997–2000) was arrested on April 1 for his role in the Srebrenica massacre and other crimes against humanity committed during the Bosnian War. He was the first head of state to see trial for war crimes in this manner.230 The tribunal also prosecuted general Radislav Krstić, bringing its first conviction for genocide.18 The International Court of Justice heard two new cases in 2001: Liechtenstein challenged Germany's claim that Lichtenstein property had been seized from Germany during World War II, and Nicaragua brought a challenge against Colombia regarding maritime borders. It delivered judgement in a 1991 case of a territorial dispute between Bahrain and Qatar, and it ruled in a German challenge against the United States that the court's own provisional orders are binding.492 Religion Category:2001 in religion thumb|Two women walk past the cavity where the Buddhas of Bamiyan used to stand before being destroyed by the Taliban. The religiously motivated September 11 attacks came to dominate global discourse about religion in 2001.300 Following the attacks, both religious tolerance and religious intolerance came to the fore, with an increase in Islamophobia, particularly in the United States and Europe.Brown Andrew 2011-09-10 Why 9/11 was good for religion en-GB The Guardian https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/sep/10/911-religion-september-11 2023-03-26 0261-3077 March 26, 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20230326044838/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/sep/10/911-religion-september-11 live Banks Adelle M. 2021-09-09 9/11 became a catalyst for interfaith relations and cooperation https://religionnews.com/2021/09/09/9-11-became-a-catalyst-for-interfaith-relations-and-cooperation/ 2023-03-26 Religion News Service en-US March 26, 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20230326044839/https://religionnews.com/2021/09/09/9-11-became-a-catalyst-for-interfaith-relations-and-cooperation/ live The imposition of religious law became a major subject of debate, particularly in Afghanistan, where the perpetrators of the attacks were protected by the fundamentalist Taliban, as well as Nigeria, where conflict between Christians and Muslims escalated amid the implementation of Islamic law.300 Prior to the attacks, the Taliban had incited a different religious controversy by destroying the Buddhas of Bamiyan despite the international community's pleas.76 Another religious conflict took place in Khartoum, Sudan, when Christians were forcibly expelled from the Anglican cathedral during Easter services.470 Pope John Paul II made trips throughout 2001 to preach for good relations with other religions: he became the first pope to visit a mosque in Syria to build relations with Muslims, and he visited Greece to build relations with Orthodox Christians. Relations between Catholicism and Judaism were strained following a dispute over the release of Holocaust records held by the Vatican.300–301 The Pope named 37 cardinals on January 21, bringing the total number to 128.469 The Catholic Church also began investigations of sexual abuse cases among its priests in 2001, with 3,000 cases being considered over the following decade.Lewis Aidan 2010-05-04 Looking behind the Catholic sex abuse scandal en-GB BBC News https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/8654789.stm 2023-03-26 February 6, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210206012930/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8654789.stm live The subject of women's ordination was also a subject of debate within the Catholic Church.470 The duodecennial Hindu pilgrimage and festival Kumbh Mela was held for 42 days in January and February 2001.308 A 50 sqmi km2 on tent city was created within Allahabad to support the festival.471 The Sultan Qaboos Grand Mosque in Oman was completed in May. At the time, its chandelier was the largest in the world.Al-Shaibany Saleh 2022-10-01 Iconic carpet, chandelier at the Grand Mosque is a big attraction for tourists https://timesofoman.com/article/121900-iconic-carpet-chandelier-at-the-grand-mosque-is-a-big-attraction-for-tourists Times of Oman en March 26, 2023 March 26, 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20230326044838/https://timesofoman.com/article/121900-iconic-carpet-chandelier-at-the-grand-mosque-is-a-big-attraction-for-tourists live Jediism became a social phenomenon in 2001 after a movement to self-report as Jedi caused it to become the fourth largest religion in the United Kingdom and the second largest religion in New Zealand.Jacobs Frank 2016-03-03 Where Have All the Jedi gone? https://bigthink.com/strange-maps/where-have-all-the-jedi-gone/ Big Think en-US March 26, 2023 March 26, 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20230326044838/https://bigthink.com/strange-maps/where-have-all-the-jedi-gone/ live Science 2001 in science thumb|The pygmy three-toed sloth was first described in 2001. Several anthropological and archaeological developments were made in 2001, including the extraction of mtDNA from prehistoric skeletons158 and the discovery of an arrowhead lodged in the shoulder of Ötzi, a 5,300-year-old mummy, after a CT scan was performed on him.128 Newly described hominids included SahelanthropusSahelanthropus tchadensis http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/species/sahelanthropus-tchadensis 2023-03-25 The Smithsonian Institution's Human Origins Program en June 29, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200629225632/https://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/species/sahelanthropus-tchadensis live and Ardipithecus, while two additional hominids, Kenyanthropus and Orrorin, were proposed.158–159 January saw the extraction of DNA from a 60,000-year-old skeleton, the oldest human DNA to be studied to that point.480 In October, the discovery of a prehistoric Sarcosuchus skeleton was announced after digging began the previous year.125 Archaeological discoveries include rock art in Andros, 40,000-year-old tools in Mamontovaya Kurya, terracotta citizens in a pit adjacent to the Terracotta Army, a walled city at Dholavira, and a 2,900-year-old sweat lodge in Cuello.160–162 Two different groups, the Human Genome Project and Celera Genomics, published the first maps of the human genome on February 15 and 16, respectively. Human cloning was a controversial subject in 2001, and opponents called for bans on human cloning internationally.477–478215 Other developments in genetics included a completed sequencing of the oryza sativa genome and an experiment saw the successful creation of tomatoes genetically modified to survive in saltwater.237 The pygmy three-toed sloth was among the animals first described in 2001.Shields Fiona Hilaire Eric 2012-09-13 10 new mammals discovered in past 10 years en-GB The Guardian https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2012/sep/13/new-mammals-discovered-10-years 2023-03-25 0261-3077 March 25, 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20230325184702/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2012/sep/13/new-mammals-discovered-10-years live Birds discovered include the Mishana tyrannulet, the Chapada flycatcher, the Vanuatu petrel, and the chestnut-eared laughingthrush.215 The Ruizia parviflora tree was rediscovered on Mauritius when it was thought extinct since 1863.238 Conversely, the 1993 discovery of pseudonovibos spiralis was determined in February 2001 to be unfounded. The discovery of the Lost City Hydrothermal Field on the Atlantis Massif was formally announced in 2001.183 The phenomenon of neutrino oscillation was confirmed in 2001, while the 1999 discovery of element 118 was retracted.263 The University of the Arctic was founded in 2001 as a joint project between several northern countries.210 Technology and transportation 2001 in spaceflight 2001 in aviation 2001 in rail transportthumb|Crew of Soyuz TM-32: (L–R Left to right) Dennis Tito, Talgat Musabayev, and Yuri BaturinThe computer industry saw major decline during the recession in 2001.175 Apple Computer Inc. released the Mac OS X operating system for Mac computers on March 24,176Chen Brian X. March 24, 2001: Apple Unleashes Mac OS X https://www.wired.com/2010/03/macos-x-released/ Wired en-US 1059-1028 2022-12-04 December 4, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221204014509/https://www.wired.com/2010/03/macos-x-released/ live and it discontinued the Power Mac G4 Cube.176 3G wireless technology first became available on October 1 when it was adopted by Japanese telecommunications company NTT Docomo with its Freedom of Mobile Multimedia Access service.182 Microsoft released the Windows XP operating system to retail on October 25.175Microsoft Releases Windows XP https://www.computerhistory.org/tdih/october/25/ 2022-12-03 Computer History Museum December 3, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221203043603/https://www.computerhistory.org/tdih/october/25/ live The most powerful supercomputer as of 2001 was designed by IBM for the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in the United States. Several malware scares took place in 2001, including the Code Red, Nimda, and Sircam worms.180 There were only 57 successful orbital spaceflights in 2001, the fewest since 1963. Eight of these launches were crewed missions. Two failed spaceflights also took place.Space Flight 2001 - The Year in Review https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/heo/reports/2001/index.html 2022-11-30 NASA en April 7, 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130407032841/http://www.nasa.gov/directorates/heo/reports/2001/index.html live The NEAR Shoemaker made the first successful landing of a spacecraft on an asteroid on February 12, and the Destiny module was connected to the International Space Station the same month.474–475 The Russian Mir space station was deorbited and destroyed on March 23, landing in the Pacific Ocean.126 The 2001 Mars Odyssey orbiter was launched on April 7 and arrived at Mars on October 24. American entrepreneur Dennis Tito became the first space tourist on April 28 aboard the Russian Soyuz TM-32. 28978 Ixion was discovered on May 22. The Genesis probe was launched on August 8 to collect solar wind samples.Genesis https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/genesis/in-depth/ 2022-12-01 NASA December 2017 May 4, 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190504105535/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/genesis/in-depth/ live Deep Space 1 carried out a flyby of Comet Borrelly on September 22, and Galileo carried out a flyby of Io on October 15. An atmosphere was discovered on an exoplanet for the first time on November 27. Air travel in the United States and worldwide was heavily affected by the September 11 attacks. Commercial flights in the United States were grounded for three days,Clark David E. https://books.google.com/books?id=2ZbCAAAAQBAJ The Impact of 9/11 on Business and Economics: The Business of Terror McGibany James M. Myers Adam 2009-08-31 Springer 978-0-230-10006-0 Morgan Matthew J. 75–76 en The Effects of 9/11 on the Airline Travel Industry March 25, 2023 September 29, 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20230929025204/https://books.google.com/books?id=2ZbCAAAAQBAJ live and air travel then became subject to significantly increased security measures.Martinez Marta Rodriguez 2021-09-10 How have the 9/11 attacks changed life for Europeans? https://www.euronews.com/2021/09/10/how-have-the-9-11-attacks-changed-life-for-europeans 2023-03-25 euronews en March 25, 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20230325053817/https://www.euronews.com/2021/09/10/how-have-the-9-11-attacks-changed-life-for-europeans live Incheon International Airport opened in Incheon on March 22, and the TGV Mediterranee railway opened in France.166 The K-141 Kursk nuclear submarine was lifted from the Barents Sea after the Kursk submarine disaster of the previous year.74–75 The Segway, a self-balancing personal transporter invented by Dean Kamen, was unveiled on December 3 after months of public speculation and media hype,http://www.cc.com/events/month-of-zen/live.html January 26, 2000 The Daily Show 26 July 2000 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20150702125349/http://www.cc.com/events/month-of-zen/live.html 2 July 2015 on the ABC News morning program Good Morning America.Tweney Dylan Wired.com retrospective https://www.wired.com/thisdayintech/2009/12/1203segway-unveiled 2009-04-12 February 6, 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140206032414/http://www.wired.com/thisdayintech/2009/12/1203segway-unveiled/ live The reveal that it was a self-balancing transporter was seen as a disappointment.477 Events January January 1 – Greece becomes the 12th country to join the Eurozone. 2001-01-01 Greece joins euro http://www.theguardian.com/business/2001/jan/01/emu.theeuro 2022-11-20 The Guardian en November 20, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221120215445/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2001/jan/01/emu.theeuro live January 7 – Ghana undergoes its first peaceful transfer of power since 1979 when John Kufuor is sworn in as President of Ghana. January 9 – Apple Inc. launches iTunes, a software program that acts as a media player and media library.Apple Introduces iTunes — World's Best and Easiest To Use Jukebox Software https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2001/01/09Apple-Introduces-iTunes-Worlds-Best-and-Easiest-To-Use-Jukebox-Software/ 2022-11-20 Apple Newsroom en-US June 4, 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190604220521/https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2001/01/09Apple-Introduces-iTunes-Worlds-Best-and-Easiest-To-Use-Jukebox-Software/ live January 13 – A 7.6-magnitude earthquake hits El Salvador, killing at least 944 people and causing massive landslides, which leaves thousands of those affected homeless.El Salvador - Earthquakes Final Fact Sheet, Fiscal Year (FY) 2001 - El Salvador https://reliefweb.int/report/el-salvador/el-salvador-earthquakes-final-fact-sheet-fiscal-year-fy-2001 2022-11-20 ReliefWeb September 7, 2001 United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs en November 20, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221120030336/https://reliefweb.int/report/el-salvador/el-salvador-earthquakes-final-fact-sheet-fiscal-year-fy-2001 live January 15 Creative Commons is founded.http://whois.domaintools.com/creativecommons.org CreativeCommons.org WHOIS, DNS, & Domain Info – DomainTools WHOIS April 11, 2026 April 9, 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190409123545/http://whois.domaintools.com/creativecommons.org live Wikipedia, which became the world's largest encyclopedia, is launched. January 16 Assassination of Laurent-Désiré Kabila: The President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo is shot in his office during the Second Congo War and rushed to Harare in Zimbabwe for medical treatment; his death will be announced two days later. He is succeeded by his son, Joseph Kabila.29 The final documented case of the 2000–2001 Uganda ebola outbreak is diagnosed. January 20 Impeachment proceedings against Philippine President Joseph Estrada end prematurely as he is peacefully overthrown in the Second EDSA Revolution. Vice President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo succeeds him as president.Paddock Richard C. 2001-01-20 Estrada Quits; New Philippine Leader Installed https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-jan-20-mn-14778-story.html 2022-11-20 Los Angeles Times en-US November 20, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221120030332/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-jan-20-mn-14778-story.html live January 21 Taba Summit: Talks between Israel and the Palestinian National Authority begin in Egypt.Japanese Colleges and Universities https://books.google.com/books?id=oXrYAAAAIAAJ 1989 Maruzen Company 978-4-621-03357-9 88 July 4, 2020 December 7, 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20231207101227/https://books.google.com/books?id=oXrYAAAAIAAJ live Pope John Paul II names 37 cardinals in one day for a total of 128.469 January 22 – The 2001 insurgency in Macedonia begins when a police station is shelled by the National Liberation Army in Tearce, near the border with Kosovo. January 23 – A self-immolation incident takes place in Tiananmen Square in central Beijing, China. Five members of the Falun Gong are alleged to have set themselves on fire, but details surrounding the incident are disputed by Falun Gong sources. 24 January 2001 Tiananmen tense after fiery protests CNN http://archives.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/asiapcf/east/01/24/asia.falun.03/ 9 February 2007 https://web.archive.org/web/20070222110517/http://archives.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/asiapcf/east/01/24/asia.falun.03/ 22 February 2007 January 25 – Armenia and Azerbaijan join the Council of Europe.Caucasus: Armenia And Azerbaijan Join Council Of Europe https://www.rferl.org/a/1095594.html 28 September 2021 RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty en January 26 – A 7.7 w y Gujarat earthquake shakes Western India with a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme), leaving thousands of people dead and more than 166,000 others injured.M7.7 Bhuj " Republic Day " Earthquake, 2001 http://asc-india.org/lib/20010126-kachchh.htm live https://web.archive.org/web/20070927200051/http://asc-india.org/lib/20010126-kachchh.htm 27 September 2007 18 November 2006 January 29 – Corruption scandals surrounding Indonesian President Abdurrahman Wahid prompt thousands of protesters to storm the Indonesian parliament building.2001-01-29 Clashes as 10,000 besiege Indonesian parliament http://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/jan/29/indonesia 2022-11-20 the Guardian en November 20, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221120215443/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/jan/29/indonesia live January 31 – 2001 Japan Airlines mid-air incident: Japan Airlines Flight 907 and Flight 958 almost collided with each other in Yaizu, Shizuoka, Japan. Flight 907 safely landed at Narita Airport and Flight 958 continued to Naha Airport. 100 people were injured.On this Day in Japan: JAL's Near Miss Collision Above Suruga Bay January 30, 2021 https://www.tokyoweekender.com/japan-life/news-and-opinion/day-japan-jals-near-miss-colision/ February February 6 – 2001 Israeli prime ministerial election: Ariel Sharon of the Likud party is elected Prime Minister of Israel.Sontag Deborah 2001-02-07 The Sharon Victory: The Overview; Sharon Easily Ousts Barak to Become Israel's Premier; Calls for a Reconciliation en-US The New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/2001/02/07/world/sharon-victory-overview-sharon-easily-ousts-barak-become-israel-s-premier-calls.html 2022-11-20 0362-4331 November 20, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221120215448/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/02/07/world/sharon-victory-overview-sharon-easily-ousts-barak-become-israel-s-premier-calls.html live thumb|upright|433 Eros as seen from the NEAR spacecraft February 11 – 2001 Liechtenstein general election: The Progressive Citizens' Party led by Otmar Hasler wins a majority of 13 seats in the Landtag.Landtagswahlen 2001 – Ergebnisse https://www.landtagswahlen.li/resultat/5 live https://web.archive.org/web/20260217224738/https://www.landtagswahlen.li/resultat/5 17 February 2026 23 March 2026 www.landtagswahlen.li de February 12 The NEAR Shoemaker spacecraft touches down in the "saddle" region of 433 Eros, a near-Earth object, becoming the first spacecraft to land on an asteroid.474–475 The Human Genome Project publishes the first draft of its human genome sequence.Wade Nicholas 2001-02-12 Long-Held Beliefs Are Challenged By New Human Genome Analysis en-US The New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/2001/02/12/us/long-held-beliefs-are-challenged-by-new-human-genome-analysis.html 2022-11-23 0362-4331 November 23, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221123230753/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/02/12/us/long-held-beliefs-are-challenged-by-new-human-genome-analysis.html live February 13 – A 6.6-magnitude earthquake hits El Salvador, killing at least 315 people. February 16 – Iraq disarmament crisis: British and U.S. forces carry out bombing raids to disable Iraq's air defense network. 2001-02-16 US and British aircraft attack Iraq http://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/feb/16/iraq 2022-11-20 The Guardian en November 20, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221120030325/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/feb/16/iraq live February 18 – NASCAR Champion Dale Earnhardt is killed in a crash during the Daytona 500.316 February 18 – Robert Hanssen, an FBI Agent who had been spying for the Russians (after he had spied for the Soviets), is arrested.Robert Hanssen Federal Bureau of Investigation https://www.fbi.gov/history/cases-and-criminals/robert-hanssen https://web.archive.org/web/20260920001213/https://www.fbi.gov/history/cases-and-criminals/robert-hanssen 2026-09-20 2026-09-22 Federal Bureau of Investigation en-us February 19 – The 2001 United Kingdom foot-and-mouth outbreak begins.Morris Doug A farmer's negligence BBC News 30 May 2002 https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/2016461.stm 22 April 2015 January 21, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220121214317/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/2016461.stm live February 22 – The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) sentences three Bosnian Serb soldiers to prison for wartime sexual violence, recognizing it as a war crime for the first time.2001-02-22 Historic trial makes rape war crime https://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/europe/02/22/hague.trial.04/index.html 2022-11-24 CNN November 24, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221124021406/https://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/europe/02/22/hague.trial.04/index.html live February 25 – Sampit conflict: Mass ethnic violence begins in Sampit, Indonesia, killing hundreds of people.2001-02-28 Witnesses Detail Slaughter Of 118 Madurese on Borneo en-US Washington Post https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2001/02/28/witnesses-detail-slaughter-of-118-madurese-on-borneo/bdd70e93-8a71-43a7-a103-5434324d2b08/ 2022-11-20 0190-8286 March March 2 – Despite pleas from the international community to spare them, the Taliban government of Afghanistan begins destroying the Buddhas of Bamiyan, having declared that they are idols.https://www.usatoday.com/news/science/archaeology/2001-03-22-afghan-buddhas.htm Why the Taliban are destroying Buddhas Usatoday.com 22 March 2001 9 October 2013 August 29, 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20120829010435/http://www.usatoday.com/news/science/archaeology/2001-03-22-afghan-buddhas.htm live 12 March 2001 Destruction of Giant Buddhas Confirmed AFP http://www.beliefnet.com/story/70/story_7096_1.html 6 January 2008 September 28, 2008 https://web.archive.org/web/20080928231734/http://www.beliefnet.com/story/70/story_7096_1.html live March 4 – The Hintze Ribeiro Bridge collapses in northern Portugal, killing 59 people.https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/1202214.stm Portugal bridge collapse 'kills 70' BBC News 5 March 2001 18 November 2019 March 7, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210307171536/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/1202214.stm live March 14 – Battle of Tetovo: Violence erupts between Albanian rebels and Macedonian soldiers in Tetovo.2001-03-14 Macedonia: Ethnic Albanian Violence Spreads https://www.rferl.org/a/1095959.html 2022-11-24 RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty en November 24, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221124161738/https://www.rferl.org/a/1095959.html live Conflict in Tetovo will continue for months during the 2001 insurgency in Macedonia.August 9, 2001 Battle for Tetovo rages http://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/europe/08/09/macedonia.attack/ 2022-11-24 CNN November 24, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221124161738/http://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/europe/08/09/macedonia.attack/ live March 16 – Shijiazhuang bombings: 108 people are killed in a series of bombings in Shijiazhuang, China.2001-03-17 China says 108 killed in blasts en-GB BBC https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/1226222.stm 2022-11-20 April 10, 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140410091351/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/1226222.stm live March 22 Kenyanthropus is described as an early hominid after the discovery of remains in Kenya.Leakey Meave G. Meave Leakey etal 2001 New hominin genus from eastern Africa shows diverse middle Pliocene lineages Nature 410 6827 433–440 2001Natur.410..433L 10.1038/35068500 11260704 4409453 Incheon International Airport opens in Incheon, South Korea.166 March 23 – The deorbit of Russian space station Mir is processed, with debris falling into the South Pacific Ocean after the station enters the atmosphere and is destroyed.126 March 24 – Apple Inc. released the Mac OS X operating system for Mac computers.176 March 26 – World Championship Wrestling goes out of business and is purchased by its chief competitor, the World Wrestling Federation, bringing an end to the Monday Night Wars.https://itrwrestling.com/features/on-this-day-march-26-2001-wcw-nitros-final-show/ 2024-03-21 On This Day: March 26 2001, WCW Nitro's Final Show - Inside the Ropes March 26, 2021 March 28 – The United States declares its intention to end involvement in the Kyoto Protocol.Borger Julian 2001-03-29 Bush kills global warming treaty http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2001/mar/29/globalwarming.usnews 2022-11-24 The Guardian en November 22, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221122203853/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2001/mar/29/globalwarming.usnews live April thumb|Two men marrying in Amsterdam on April 1, the first day in which the possibility to marry was opened to same-sex couples April 1 The Act on the Opening up of Marriage goes into effect in the Netherlands, which becomes the first modern country to legalize same-sex marriage. Hainan Island incident: A Chinese fighter jet collides with a U.S. EP-3E surveillance aircraft, which is forced to make an emergency landing in Hainan, China. The U.S. crew is detained for 10 days and the F-8 Chinese pilot, Wang Wei, goes missing and is presumed dead. Air Forces Monthly May 2001 158 4 Former Yugoslav President Slobodan Milošević surrenders to police special forces to be tried on charges of crimes against humanity.230 April 7 – The NASA orbiter 2001 Mars Odyssey launches on a Delta II rocket. 2001 Mars Odyssey https://mars.nasa.gov/mars-exploration/missions/odyssey 2022-11-24 NASA Mars Exploration December 4, 2017 en November 24, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221124172241/https://mars.nasa.gov/mars-exploration/missions/odyssey/ live April 11 – Australia's football team wins against American Samoa in a record 31–0 victory, just two days after setting the record with a 0–22 victory against Tonga. April 15 – Extreme Championship Wrestling files for bankruptcy and ceases operations, is eventually bought by its competitor, the World Wrestling Federation.https://www.morningjournal.com/2001/04/15/ecw-officially-bankrupt-officially-done/ 2024-03-21 ECW officially bankrupt, officially done 15 April 2001 April 17 Nông Đức Mạnh is chosen as General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam.Thayer Carlyle A. 2002 Vietnam in 2001: The Ninth Party Congress and After https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/as.2002.42.1.81 Asian Survey 42 1 81–89 10.1525/as.2002.42.1.81 10.1525/as.2002.42.1.81 0004-4687 November 20, 2022 November 4, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221104125830/https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/as.2002.42.1.81 live subscription Israel occupies an area in the Gaza Strip, killing two people. Israeli forces withdraw the same day after the United States denounces the attack.2001-04-18 Israel pulls out of Gaza http://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/meast/04/17/mideast.violence.06/ 2022-11-24 CNN November 24, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221124021417/http://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/meast/04/17/mideast.violence.06/ live April 18 – 2001 Burundian coup d'état attempt: A group of junior officers make a failed attempt to overthrow President Pierre Buyoya of Burundi.218 April 22 – Hasim Rahman wins an upset victory against champion Lennox Lewis in the "Thunder in Africa" boxing match.536 April 25 – A ceasefire is broken during the Eelam War III in Sri Lanka.51 April 26 Junichiro Koizumi becomes the 86th Prime Minister of Japan.2021-12-21 Junichiro Koizumi Fast Facts https://www.cnn.com/2013/08/27/world/asia/junichiro-koizumi-fast-facts/index.html 2022-11-20 CNN en November 20, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221120233014/https://www.cnn.com/2013/08/27/world/asia/junichiro-koizumi-fast-facts/index.html live The Parliament of Ukraine votes to dismiss Prime Minister Viktor Yushchenko.Tyler Patrick E. 2001-04-26 Ukrainian Parliament Votes to Oust Prime Minister en-US The New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/2001/04/26/world/ukrainian-parliament-votes-to-oust-prime-minister.html 2022-11-24 0362-4331 November 24, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221124021408/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/04/26/world/ukrainian-parliament-votes-to-oust-prime-minister.html live April 28 The Russian spacecraft Soyuz TM-32 lifts off from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, carrying the first space tourist, American entrepreneur Dennis Tito, and two Russian cosmonauts.United States. President Aeronautics and Space Report of the President https://books.google.com/books?id=z1DpUAFmghAC&pg=PA138 U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration 138 April 8, 2021 December 7, 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20231207101225/https://books.google.com/books?id=z1DpUAFmghAC&pg=PA138#v=onepage&q&f=false live Vejce ambush: Eight Macedonian soldiers are killed in an ambush by the NLA near Vejce, a village in the Šar Mountains, Macedonia. It represents the heaviest death toll for the government forces in a single incident during the insurgency.8 soldiers slain in ambush near Albanian region https://www.chicagotribune.com/2001/04/29/8-soldiers-slain-in-ambush-near-albanian-region/ 29 April 2001 Chicago Tribune 5 February 2015 February 2, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20150202210050/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2001-04-29/news/0104290288_1_albanian-macedonia-in-late-march-slav-majority live May May 7 – In Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina, an attempt is made to reconstruct the historic 16th-century Ferhadija Mosque. Serbian nationalists respond with riots and mass violence against Bosnian Muslims.https://balkaninsight.com/2016/05/07/historic-bosnian-mosque-reopens-amid-heavy-security-05-07-2016/ Historic Bosnian Mosque Reopens amid Heavy Security May 7, 2016 Danijel Kovacevic Balkan Transitional Justice September 1, 2021 September 1, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210901091157/https://balkaninsight.com/2016/05/07/historic-bosnian-mosque-reopens-amid-heavy-security-05-07-2016/ live May 13 – The House of Freedoms coalition led by Silvio Berlusconi wins the Italian general election.2001 Italy – Parliamentary Chamber: Camera dei Deputati http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2157_01.htm 2022-11-20 Inter-Parliamentary Union September 20, 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20230920055314/http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2157_01.htm live May 18 – 2001 HaSharon Mall suicide bombing: A Hamas suicide bomber kills six people in Netanya, Israel. The Israeli government responds with the first use of airstrikes against Palestine since 1967.2001-05-20 Arabs seek to isolate Israel en-GB https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/1340003.stm 2022-11-24 November 18, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20211118095450/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/1340003.stm live May 21 – The Končulj Agreement results in the disarmament of the Liberation Army of Preševo, Medveđa and Bujanovac, ending the Insurgency in the Preševo Valley.Demilitarization Statement (Konculj Agreement) https://www.peaceagreements.org/view/1430 2022-11-29 www.peaceagreements.org University of Edinburgh April 20, 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20230420054703/https://www.peaceagreements.org/view/1430 live May 22 28978 Ixion, a large trans-Neptunian object and a possible dwarf planet, is discovered during the Deep Ecliptic Survey.28978 Ixion (2001 KX76) International Astronomical Union Minor Planet Center https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=28978 November 20, 2022 January 20, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220120070851/https://minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=28978 live The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants is adopted by 127 countries to limit pollution internationally.4912001-05-23 127 Countries Adopt Toxic Chemicals Treaty https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-may-23-mn-1454-story.html 2022-11-24 Los Angeles Times en-US November 24, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221124172230/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-may-23-mn-1454-story.html live May 24 – Sherpa Temba Tsheri, 15, becomes the youngest person to reach the summit of Mount Everest.https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/12246591.boy-of-15-is-youngest-to-climb-everest-young-sherpa-lost-five-fingers-to-frostbite-in-earlier-attempt-on-summit/ Boy of 15 is youngest to climb Everest Young Sherpa lost five fingers to frostbite in earlier attempt on summit May 25, 2001 Herald Scotland September 1, 2001 September 1, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210901091154/https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/12246591.boy-of-15-is-youngest-to-climb-everest-young-sherpa-lost-five-fingers-to-frostbite-in-earlier-attempt-on-summit/ live May 26 – The African Union is formed to replace the Organisation of African Unity. It will begin operation the following year.Adeniyi Olatunbosun Opara Ngozi Mercy Adeyemo Toyosi Ekeria Augustina Irenosen Faith-Lois Bolorunduro 2016 African Union and the Challenges of Development https://www.jstor.org/stable/26893815 Journal of African Union Studies 5 2/3 67–89 26893815 2050-4292 November 23, 2022 November 23, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221123230753/https://www.jstor.org/stable/26893815 live May 28 – 2001 Central African Republic coup d'état attempt: Central African forces led by André Kolingba carry out a failed attempt to overthrow the government of the Central African Republic. Dozens are killed in the ensuing violence.249 May 31 Lithuania joins the World Trade Organization. Research into Crohn's disease confirms that it is identified with mutation of the NOD2 gene.Seppa Nathan 2001-05-23 Genetic flaw found in painful gut disease https://www.sciencenews.org/article/genetic-flaw-found-painful-gut-disease 2022-11-24 Science News en-US November 24, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221124172231/https://www.sciencenews.org/article/genetic-flaw-found-painful-gut-disease live June June 1 Crown Prince Dipendra of Nepal kills his father, the king, his mother and other members of the royal family with an assault rifle and then shoots himself in the Nepalese royal massacre. Dipendra is recognized as King of Nepal while in a coma.72–73 Dolphinarium discotheque bombing: A Hamas suicide bomber kills 21 people, mostly teenagers, in the Dolphinarium disco in Tel Aviv, Israel.Fisher Ian 29 January 2006 In Hamas's Overt Hatred, Many Israelis See Hope The New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/29/international/middleeast/29israel.html 2022-11-20 November 11, 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20121111022312/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/29/international/middleeast/29israel.html live June 4 – Gyanendra ascends the throne of Nepal on the death of his nephew, Dipendra.2 June 2001 Nepal mourns slain king BBC News https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/1366170.stm live 31 May 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090107091236/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/1366170.stm 7 January 2009 thumb|Buffalo Bayou and White Oak Bayou at Main Street after Tropical Storm Allison hit Houston, Texas, U.S. June 5 – Tropical Storm Allison hits the U.S. state of Texas, severely flooding Houston and killing 23 people.2019-06-05 Remembering Tropical Storm Allison https://www.noaa.gov/education/stories/remembering-tropical-storm-allison 2022-11-20 www.noaa.gov en November 20, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221120215448/https://www.noaa.gov/education/stories/remembering-tropical-storm-allison live June 7 2001 United Kingdom general election: Tony Blair and the Labour Party win a second landslide victory.https://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/europe/06/08/uk.election.05/index.html CNN.com - Blair celebrates historic poll win - June 8, 2001 CNN April 11, 2022 April 11, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220411105203/https://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/europe/06/08/uk.election.05/index.html live Former Argentinian president Carlos Menem is arrested on suspicion of illegal arms sales.2001-06-07 Spokesman: Ex-Argentine president arrested http://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/americas/06/07/menem.arrest.02/index.html 2022-11-24 CNN November 24, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221124021407/http://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/americas/06/07/menem.arrest.02/index.html live June 12 – Aračinovo crisis: Albanian rebels violate a 24-hour cease fire with Macedonian soldiers.2001-06-12 Rebels breach Macedonia truce http://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/europe/06/12/macedonia.fighting/index.html 2022-11-24 CNN November 24, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221124161738/http://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/europe/06/12/macedonia.fighting/index.html live June 15 – Declaration to establish the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation is signed.http://eng.sectsco.org/about_sco/ About SCO Shanghai Cooperation Organisation live https://web.archive.org/web/20171028182720/http://eng.sectsco.org/about_sco/ 28 October 2017 2017-06-09 June 19 Syria withdraws thousands of forces from a decades-long military presence in Beirut, Lebanon. 2001-06-20 After Decades, Thousands of Syrian Troops Leave Beirut en-US The New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/2001/06/20/world/after-decades-thousands-of-syrian-troops-leave-beirut.html 2022-11-24 0362-4331 November 24, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221124021409/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/06/20/world/after-decades-thousands-of-syrian-troops-leave-beirut.html live Germany enacts a program to compensate Holocaust survivors that were subject to slave labor.2001-06-19 Germany approves Nazi pay-out http://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/europe/06/19/germany.slaves.1601/index.html?related 2022-11-24 CNN November 24, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221124021408/http://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/europe/06/19/germany.slaves.1601/index.html?related live Royal Ulster Constabulary officers intervene to protect Catholic schoolchildren and their parents from Ulster loyalist stone throwers while entering their school in Ardoyne, marking the beginning of the Holy Cross dispute.A Chronology of the Conflict: 2001, Conflict Archive on the Internet (CAIN) June 21 – The world's longest train is run by BHP Iron Ore between Newman and Port Hedland in Western Australia (a distance of 275 km mi on or); the train consists of 682 loaded iron ore wagons and 8 GE AC6000CW locomotives, giving a gross weight of almost 100,000 tonnes and moves 82,262 tonnes of ore; the train is 7.353 km mi on long.Hamersley Freight Line http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/hamersley-freight-line/ live https://web.archive.org/web/20150512100443/http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/hamersley-freight-line/ 12 May 2015 2022-11-20 Railway Technology June 23 – An 8.4 w y southern Peru earthquake shakes coastal Peru with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe). A destructive tsunami follows, leaving at least 77 people dead, and 2,687 others injured.Keefer David K. Moseley Michael E. 2004-07-27 Southern Peru desert shattered by the great 2001 earthquake: Implications for paleoseismic and paleo-El Niño–Southern Oscillation records Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences en 101 30 10878–10883 10.1073/pnas.0404320101 0027-8424 491987 15263069 free June 25 – Alkhan-Kala operation: Russian forces carry out a zachistka operation in Alkhan-Kala, Grozny, Chechnya, during the Second Chechen War. Chechen warlord Arbi Barayev is killed.2001-06-25 Russians kill Chechen warlord https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/1406317.stm live https://web.archive.org/web/20120412152951/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/1406317.stm April 12, 2012 2022-11-24 BBC News en-GB July July – The largest ever recorded outbreak of Legionnaires' disease occurs in Murcia, Spain. 449 cases are confirmed, with more than 800 suspected ones. July 2 – The world's first self-contained artificial heart is implanted in Robert Tools in the United States.Johnson Publishing Company Jet https://books.google.com/books?id=-7QDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA22 10 September 2001 Johnson Publishing Company 22 October 31, 2020 December 7, 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20231207101217/https://books.google.com/books?id=-7QDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA22#v=onepage&q&f=false live July 4 – Vladivostok Air Flight 352 crashes on approach while landing at Irkutsk Airport, Russia, killing all 145 people aboard.ASN Aircraft accident Tupolev Tu-154M RA-85845 Burdakovka https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20010704-0 2022-11-20 Aviation Safety Network November 20, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221120043737/https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20010704-0 live July 7 – 2001 Bradford riots: Ethnic violence is provoked in Bradford, England, by the far-right National Front and far-left Anti-Nazi League. 2001-07-08 Race riots ignite Bradford http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2001/jul/08/uk.race 2022-11-20 The Guardian en November 20, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221120215447/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2001/jul/08/uk.race live July 12 – The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change releases its Third Assessment Report.213 July 13 – The International Olympic Committee chooses Beijing to host the 2008 Summer Olympics. https://www.nytimes.com/2001/07/13/sports/beijing-is-selected-as-2008-host-city.html Beijing Is Selected as 2008 Host City Jere Longman The New York Times July 13, 2001 September 18, 2017 September 18, 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170918110655/http://www.nytimes.com/2001/07/13/sports/beijing-is-selected-as-2008-host-city.html live July 14 – Agra Summit: India and Pakistan begin talks to improve relations. The summit ends inconclusively on July 16.2001-07-17 Agra summit at a glance en-GB https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/1430367.stm 2022-11-24 January 3, 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090103201846/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/1430367.stm live July 16 – China and Russia sign the 2001 Sino-Russian Treaty of Friendship.Tyler Patrick E. 2001-07-17 Russia and China Sign 'Friendship' Pact en-US The New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/2001/07/17/world/russia-and-china-sign-friendship-pact.html 2022-11-20 0362-4331 November 20, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221120043739/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/07/17/world/russia-and-china-sign-friendship-pact.html live thumb|Photo session of the G8 leaders in Genoa, 2001: (L–R Left to right) Junichiro Koizumi, Tony Blair, George W. Bush, Jacques Chirac, Silvio Berlusconi, Vladimir Putin, Jean Chretien, Gerhard Schroeder, Guy Verhofstadt, and Romano Prodi July 20–22 – The 27th G8 summit takes place in Genoa, Italy. Massive demonstrations, drawing an estimated 200,000 people, are held against the meeting by members of the anti-globalization movement. One demonstrator, Carlo Giuliani, is killed by a policeman, and several others are injured.2001-07-21 G8 summit death shocks leaders http://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/europe/07/20/genoa.protests/ 2022-11-20 CNN November 20, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221120043738/http://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/europe/07/20/genoa.protests/ live July 23 – Megawati Sukarnoputri is inaugurated as the first female president of Indonesia.Ningrum Desi Aditia 2019-10-19 Presiden Megawati dan Pelantikan Dalam Sunyi President Megawati and the Silent Inauguration https://www.merdeka.com/politik/presiden-megawati-dan-pelantikan-dalam-sunyi.html 2022-11-20 merdeka.com Indonesian November 20, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221120233014/https://www.merdeka.com/politik/presiden-megawati-dan-pelantikan-dalam-sunyi.html live July 24 Bandaranaike Airport attack: The Tamil Tigers bomb the Bandaranaike International Airport in Sri Lanka during the Sri Lankan Civil War.2001 Intelligence failures exposed by Tamil Tiger airport attack http://www.janes.com/security/international_security/news/jir/jir010903_1_n.shtml https://web.archive.org/web/20080225162532/http://www.janes.com/security/international_security/news/jir/jir010903_1_n.shtml February 25, 2008 June 3, 2006 Jane's Intelligence Review Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, deposed as the last Tsar of Bulgaria when a child, is sworn in as the democratically elected 48th Prime Minister of Bulgaria.https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/1455674.stm Bulgaria's ex-King swears oath to republic BBC 25 July 2001 March 5, 2022 January 7, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220107215126/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/1455674.stm live July 26 – Moldova joins the World Trade Organization. July 28 – Alejandro Toledo becomes the President of Peru.2001-07-28 Peru's Toledo swears in as president, vows to fight poverty http://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/americas/07/28/peru.toledo/ 2022-11-20 CNN November 20, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221120215448/http://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/americas/07/28/peru.toledo/ live August August – A ceasefire is negotiated to end the War of the Peters. August 2 – The ICTY convicts Bosnian Serb general Radislav Krstić on the charge of genocide for his role in the Srebrenica massacre.2001-08-01 Radislav Krstic becomes the First Person to be Convicted of Genocide at the ICTY and is Sentenced to 46 Years Imprisonment. https://www.icty.org/en/press/radislav-krstic-becomes-first-person-be-convicted-genocide-icty-and-sentenced-46-years 2022-11-24 International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia November 23, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221123214630/https://www.icty.org/en/press/radislav-krstic-becomes-first-person-be-convicted-genocide-icty-and-sentenced-46-years live thumb|A Genesis collector array in the clean lab at Johnson Space Center. The hexagons consist of a variety of ultra-pure, semiconductor-grade wafers, including silicon, corundum, gold on sapphire, diamond-like carbon films,https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/02/090218095842.htm Diamond-like Films Help In Study Of Solar Winds Sandia National Laboratories Michael Padilla February 16, 2009 December 4, 2022 December 4, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221204161631/https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/02/090218095842.htm live and other materials.The Genesis Solar-Wind Collector Materials Space Science Reviews A. J. G. Jurewicz D. S. Burnett R. C. Wiens T. A. Friedmann C. C. Hays R. J. Hohlfelder K. Nishiizumi J. A. Stone D. S. Woolum R. Becker A. L. Butterworth A. J. Campbell M. Ebihara I. A. Franchi V. Heber C. M. Hohenberg M. Humayun K. D. McKeegan K. McNamara A. Meshik R. O. Pepin D. Schlutter R. Wieler 1 105 3–4 535–560 January 2003 10.1023/A:1024469927444 2003SSRv..105..535J 51768025 August 8 The Genesis probe is launched from Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 17. Albanian rebels ambush a convoy of the Army of the Republic of Macedonia near Tetovo, North Macedonia, killing 10 soldiers.Marusic Sinisa Jakov Bosilkovski Igor 8 August 2016 Macedonia Marks Karpalak Ambush Massacre Anniversary Balkan Insight https://balkaninsight.com/2016/08/08/macedonia-marks-karpalak-massacre-anniversary-08-08-2016/ 1 March 2022 November 27, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20211127025258/https://balkaninsight.com/2016/08/08/macedonia-marks-karpalak-massacre-anniversary-08-08-2016/ live August 9 – A Sbarro restaurant in Jerusalem is bombed by a Palestinian Hamas terrorist, killing 15 civilians and injuring 130 others.Nitzan S. Ben-Shaul A Violent World: TV News Images of Middle Eastern Terror and War https://books.google.com/books?id=tAxlAAAAMAAJ 2006 Rowman & Littlefield 978-0-7425-3798-9 128 May 20, 2021 December 7, 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20231207101310/https://books.google.com/books?id=tAxlAAAAMAAJ live August 10 2001 Angola train attack: 252 people are killed by UNITA in an attack on a train during the Angolan Civil War.Landmine Monitor Report 2002: Toward a Mine-free World https://books.google.com/books?id=ZPj16Xxyi9kC&pg=PA66 2002 Human Rights Watch 978-1-56432-277-7 66 May 20, 2021 December 7, 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20231207101225/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZPj16Xxyi9kC&pg=PA66#v=onepage&q&f=false live The United States and the United Kingdom bomb air force installations in Iraq in response to attacks on American and British planes.August 10, 2001 Allies attack 3 Iraqi air defense sites https://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/meast/08/10/iraq.strike/index.html 2022-11-24 CNN November 24, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221124072718/https://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/meast/08/10/iraq.strike/index.html live August 13 – Macedonian and Albanian representatives sign the Ohrid Agreement to reduce conflicts during the insurgency.Rogers Walter August 13, 2001 Q&A: What the deal means for Macedonia - https://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/europe/08/13/rogers.macedonia.otsc/index.html 2022-11-24 CNN November 24, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221124072724/https://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/europe/08/13/rogers.macedonia.otsc/index.html live August 21 – Operation Essential Harvest: NATO sends a military forces to the Republic of Macedonia in response to the ongoing insurgency. Peace support operations in North Macedonia (2001-2003) https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_52121.htm 2022-11-20 NATO en November 20, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221120043741/https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_52121.htm live August 25 – 2001 Marsh Harbour Cessna 402 crash: Eight people including singer and actress Aaliyah, and several members of her entourage are killed after their overloaded aircraft crashes shortly after takeoff at Marsh Harbour Airport.CRASH OF A CESSNA 402B IN MARSH HARBOUR: 9 KILLED https://www.baaa-acro.com/crash/crash-cessna-402b-marsh-harbour-9-killed Bureau of Aircraft Accidents Archives 28 February 2023 August 24, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220824221652/https://www.baaa-acro.com/crash/crash-cessna-402b-marsh-harbour-9-killed live August 28 – A targeted Israeli strike kills PFLP leader Abu Ali Mustafa. Palestinian militants respond by firing on Israeli civilians. Israeli forces occupy Beit Jala, Palestine to combat the militants.August 27, 2001 Israeli troops take positions in West Bank town http://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/meast/08/27/mideast/ 2022-11-24 CNN November 24, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221124072720/http://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/meast/08/27/mideast/ live August 31 – The World Conference against Racism 2001 begins in Durban, South Africa. Israel and the United States withdraw three days later, alleging antisemitism in the conference. September September 7 – 2001 Jos riots: Clashes between Christian and Muslim rioters begin in Jos, Nigeria. The conflict will continue until September 17, during which time hundreds of people will be killed.Minchakpu Obed Religious Riots in Nigeria Leave Hundreds Dead https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2001/octoberweb-only/10-1-23.0.html 2022-11-23 ChristianityToday.com October 2001 en November 23, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221123230757/https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2001/octoberweb-only/10-1-23.0.html live September 9 – A suicide bomber kills Ahmad Shah Massoud, military commander of the Afghan Northern Alliance.2021-09-09 Death of an Afghan icon: 20 years since the assassination of Ahmad Shah Massoud https://www.france24.com/en/asia-pacific/20210909-death-of-an-afghan-icon-20-years-since-the-assassination-of-ahmad-shah-massoud 2022-11-20 France 24 February 21, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220221041019/https://www.france24.com/en/asia-pacific/20210909-death-of-an-afghan-icon-20-years-since-the-assassination-of-ahmad-shah-massoud live thumb|The World Trade Center and the Statue of Liberty during the September 11 attacks in New York City September 11 – Approximately 2,977 people (not including 19 terrorists) are killed or fatally injured in the September 11 attacks after two Boeing 767s,https://therideronline.com/top-story/2024/09/remembering-911/ Remembering 9/11 American Airlines Flight 11 and United Airlines Flight 175, are hijacked and crashed into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center. Two Boeing 757s, American Airlines Flight 77 and United Airlines Flight 93, are also hijacked. Flight 77 crashes into the Pentagon and Flight 93 crashes into grassland in Shanksville, Pennsylvania as a result of passengers fighting to regain control of the airplane. The Twin Towers collapse as a result of the burning jet fuel from the crashes.Dale Anderson The Terrorist Attacks of September 11, 2001 https://books.google.com/books?id=97g_zXNWidQC July 2003 World Almanac Library 978-0-8368-5380-3 August 9, 2021 December 7, 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20231207101229/https://books.google.com/books?id=97g_zXNWidQC live September 17 – George W. Bush, president of the United States, delivers remarks at the Islamic Center of Washington praising Muslim Americans and condemning Islamophobia in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks.Beauchamp Zack September 22, 2015 Today's GOP Should Take Lessons on Islam from George W. Bush https://www.vox.com/2015/9/22/9371313/republicans-islam-bush Vox September 18 – The 2001 anthrax attacks begin in the United States, which cause five fatalities and 17 other infections. 2011-02-15 Timeline: How The Anthrax Terror Unfolded en NPR https://www.npr.org/2011/02/15/93170200/timeline-how-the-anthrax-terror-unfolded 2022-11-20 December 26, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20161226203612/http://www.npr.org/2011/02/15/93170200/timeline-how-the-anthrax-terror-unfolded live September 19 – Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat forbids Palestinian soldiers from firing on Israeli forces, even in self-defence. Israel agrees to a ceasefire.September 19, 2001 Both sides order cease-fires in Mideast https://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/meast/09/18/arafat.cease/index.html 2022-11-24 CNN November 24, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221124072723/https://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/meast/09/18/arafat.cease/index.html live September 20 – In an address to a joint session of Congress, U.S. President George W. Bush declares a war on terror, officially the global war on terrorism.https://institute.global/policy/war-terror-20-years-crossroads-or-cul-de-sac The War on Terror 20 Years on: Crossroads or Cul-De-Sac? March 18, 2021 Tony Blair Institute for global Change Bruce Hoffman August 9, 2021 August 9, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210809074921/https://institute.global/policy/war-terror-20-years-crossroads-or-cul-de-sac live September 22 – American spacecraft Deep Space 1 flies within 2200 km of Comet Borrelly.Deep Space 1 https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1998-061A 2022-11-20 NASA May 5, 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20120505130029/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1998-061A live September 24 – A tornado outbreak tears through the eastern United States, causing two deaths and 57 injuries, and causing damages of $105 million. September 27 – Zug massacre: In Zug, Switzerland, a gunman shoots 32 people, killing 14 members of parliament and then himself.27 September 2001 Gunman kills 14 in Swiss assembly BBC News https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/1566321.stm 2022-11-20 January 6, 2007 https://web.archive.org/web/20070106093902/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/1566321.stm live October October 1 Jaish-e-Mohammed militants attack the state legislature building in Srinagar, Kashmir, killing 38 people.Dugger Celia W. 2001-10-04 Kashmir Mourns 38 Attack Victims en-US The New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/04/world/world-briefing-asia-india-kashmir-mourns-38-attack-victims.html 2022-11-20 0362-4331 November 20, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221120061310/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/04/world/world-briefing-asia-india-kashmir-mourns-38-attack-victims.html live 3G wireless technology first becomes available when it is adopted by Japanese telecommunications company NTT Docomo.182 thumb|Swissair Airbus A321-100 (2001) October 2 – Swissair, the national airline of Switzerland, seeks bankruptcy protection and grounds its entire fleet, stranding thousands of people worldwide.Milner Mark Harper Keith Clark Andrew 2001-10-03 Financial crisis grounds Swissair fleet http://www.theguardian.com/business/2001/oct/03/theairlineindustry.internationalnews 2022-11-20 The Guardian en November 20, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221120061313/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2001/oct/03/theairlineindustry.internationalnews live October 4 Siberia Airlines Flight 1812 is accidentally shot down by the Ukrainian Air Force over the Black Sea en route from Tel Aviv, Israel, to Novosibirsk, Russia; all 78 people on board are killed.MH17 crash: History of passenger planes shot down https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-28361223 BBC News 20 May 2021 2014-07-20 May 20, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210520154738/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-28361223 live 2001 Kodori crisis: Fighting escalates between Georgia and the breakaway state Abkhazia.2001-10-08 UN helicopter shot down in Georgia en-GB https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/1586098.stm 2022-11-24 April 20, 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100420204439/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/1586098.stm live October 7 – United States invasion of Afghanistan: In response to the September 11 attacks, Afghanistan is invaded by a US-led coalition, beginning the War in Afghanistan.41 October 8 2001 Linate Airport runway collision: A twin-engine Cessna and Scandinavian Airlines jetliner collide in heavy fog during takeoff from Milan, Italy, killing 118 people.https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Uj0jAAAAIBAJ&sjid=yewDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6610%2C3360451 Deseret News Salt Lake City, Utah, US Associated Press 114 die when jet hits plane, then rams building in Milan 8 October 2001 A2 November 30, 2021 November 30, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20211130074949/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Uj0jAAAAIBAJ&sjid=yewDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6610,3360451 live Hurricane Iris hits Belize, causing $250 million (2001 USD) in damage.2005-09-10 Powerful Hurricane Iris slams Belize https://www.tampabay.com/archive/2001/10/09/powerful-hurricane-iris-slams-belize/ 2022-11-20 Tampa Bay Times en November 20, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221120225128/https://www.tampabay.com/archive/2001/10/09/powerful-hurricane-iris-slams-belize/ live October 13 – American scientists create the first successful clone of a human embryo.2001-11-24 The First Human Cloned Embryo https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-first-human-cloned-em/ 2022-11-23 Scientific American en November 23, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221123230753/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-first-human-cloned-em/ live October 15 – NASA's Galileo spacecraft passes within 181 km of Jupiter's moon Io. 2001-10-16 Galileo Millennium Mission Status https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/galileo-millennium-mission-status-11 2022-11-20 NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory en-US November 20, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221120061309/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/galileo-millennium-mission-status-11 live October 16 – American planes misidentify and bomb a Red Cross facility in Afghanistan. A similar error occurs again on October 27.Becker Elizabeth Schmitt Eric 2001-10-27 A Nation Challenged: The Bombing; U.S. Planes Bomb a Red Cross Site en-US The New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/27/nyregion/a-nation-challenged-the-bombing-us-planes-bomb-a-red-cross-site.html 2022-11-24 0362-4331 November 24, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221124072719/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/27/nyregion/a-nation-challenged-the-bombing-us-planes-bomb-a-red-cross-site.html live October 17 – Assassination of Rehavam Ze'evi: Israeli tourism minister Rehavam Ze'evi is assassinated by the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine.Bennet James 16 October 2001 Right-Wing Israeli Minister Is Killed The New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/16/international/17WIRE-ISRA.html November 20, 2022 February 18, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20150218003159/http://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/16/international/17WIRE-ISRA.html live October 23 Apple Inc. introduces the iPod, a portable media player and multi-purpose mobile device.https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2001/10/23Apple-Presents-iPod/ Apple Presents iPod Apple Inc. February 18, 2019 October 23, 2001 August 4, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200804025431/https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2001/10/23Apple-Presents-iPod/ live The company will sell an estimated 450 million iPod products by May 2022.Mickle Tripp 2022-05-10 Farewell to the iPod en-US The New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/10/technology/apple-ipod-phasing-out.html 2022-12-04 2022-12-02 https://web.archive.org/web/20221202214236/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/10/technology/apple-ipod-phasing-out.html live The Provisional Irish Republican Army begins disarmament, ending a decades-long conflict in Northern Ireland.2001-10-23 IRA begins disarming https://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/europe/10/23/ira.announce/index.html 2022-12-10 CNN November 20, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221120061310/https://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/europe/10/23/ira.announce/index.html live October 24 – The 2001 Mars Odyssey arrives at Mars. October 25 To avoid connotations with the Rwandan genocide, the government of Rwanda adopts a new national flag for the country.Vesperini Helen 31 December 2001 Rwanda unveils new flag and anthem BBC https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1735405.stm live https://web.archive.org/web/20031105035109/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1735405.stm 5 November 2003 Microsoft releases the Windows XP operating system to retail.175 October 30 The Aarhus Convention takes effect, establishing the right to environmental information and environmental justice for European and Central Asian countries. Michael Jackson releases the album Invincible, it was his last studio album to be released during his lifetime before his death; 8 years later in June 2009.https://music.apple.com/us/album/invincible/215738269 Invincible apple.com May 14, 2026 November November – The World Trade Organization begins the Doha Development Round to negotiate lower trade barriers between countries and integrate developing nations into the global economy.Doha Development Agenda https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/eu-trade-relationships-country-and-region/eu-and-wto/doha-development-agenda_en 2022-12-03 European Commission en December 3, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221203035823/https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/eu-trade-relationships-country-and-region/eu-and-wto/doha-development-agenda_en live November 1 – An interim government in Burundi begins the peace process for the Burundian Civil War.27 November 4 – Hurricane Michelle hits Cuba, where the storm is the strongest tropical cyclone to make landfall on the island in more than 49 years. It is the costliest hurricane in Cuban history to this point with an estimated $2 billion in damage.https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL152001_Michelle.pdf Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Michelle Beven Jack 2002-01-23 National Hurricane Center 2022-11-20 December 13, 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20191213202507/https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL152001_Michelle.pdf live November 7 – Sabena, the national airline of Belgium, goes bankrupt.Orban André 2021-11-06 Twenty years ago, Sabena was declared bankrupt https://www.aviation24.be/do-you-remember/20-years-ago-sabena-declared-bankrupt/ 2022-11-20 Aviation24.be en-GB November 20, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221120061308/https://www.aviation24.be/do-you-remember/20-years-ago-sabena-declared-bankrupt/ live November 9 – 2001 Special Operations Unit mutiny: In Yugoslavia, the Special Operations Unit mutinies in opposition to the government's cooperation with the ICTY.Stojanovic Milica 2021-11-09 Mutiny in Serbia: How a State Security Unit's Rebellion Went Unpunished https://balkaninsight.com/2021/11/09/mutiny-in-serbia-how-a-state-security-units-rebellion-went-unpunished/btj/ 2026-05-07 Balkan Insight en-US November 10 2001 Australian federal election: The Coalition government, led by John Howard, is re-elected with a slightly increased majority, defeating the Labor Party led by Kim Beazley.http://australianpolitics.com/elections/federal-2001 2001 Federal Election | AustralianPolitics.com australianpolitics.com February 26, 2018 July 1, 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20180701165516/http://australianpolitics.com/elections/federal-2001 live Fall of Mazar-i-Sharif: American and Northern Alliance forces take Mazar-i-Sharif in the first major offensive of the War in Afghanistan. 2001-11-09 'Taliban fall' in Mazar-i-Sharif http://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/nov/09/afghanistan.terrorism7 2022-11-24 The Guardian en November 24, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221124072728/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/nov/09/afghanistan.terrorism7 live November 11 – Two French journalists, Pierre Billaud and Johanne Sutton, and a German colleague, Volker Handloik, are killed in Afghanistan during an attack on their convoy.A Nation Challenged; Two French Radio Journalists and a German Are Killed in Taliban Ambush of a Rebel Force https://web.archive.org/web/20200416024012/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/11/13/world/nation-challenged-media-two-french-radio-journalists-german-are-killed-taliban.html April 16, 2020 , The New York Times, November 13, 2001 November 12 American Airlines Flight 587 crashes in Belle Harbor, Queens, on the Rockaway Peninsula shortly after takeoff, killing all 260 people aboard the plane as well as five people on the ground.Ranter Harro November 12, 2001 ASN Aircraft accident Airbus A300B4-605R N14053 Belle Harbor, NY http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20011112-0 live https://web.archive.org/web/20140420004450/http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20011112-0 April 20, 2014 April 20, 2016 Aviation Safety Network Flight Safety Foundation 2001 uprising in Herat: Northern Alliance forces take the city of Herat from the Taliban.November 12, 2001 Alliance halts advance on Kabul, takes Herat http://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/asiapcf/central/11/12/ret.move.on.kabul/index.html 2022-11-24 CNN November 24, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221124161738/http://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/asiapcf/central/11/12/ret.move.on.kabul/index.html live November 14 Fall of Kabul: Northern Alliance forces take the Afghan capital Kabul. 2001-11-13 Northern Alliance takes Kabul http://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/nov/13/afghanistan.terrorism15 2022-11-20 The Guardian en November 20, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221120061313/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/nov/13/afghanistan.terrorism15 live A 7.8-magnitude earthquake strikes China with an epicenter near Kokoxili, but it occurs in a sparsely populated mountainous region and there are no casualties. November 15 – Microsoft enters the gaming console market with the release of the Xbox, a sixth-generation gaming console, in the United States.2013-06-12 Xbox Arrives in New York Tonight at Toys "R" Us Times Square Microsoft http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/news/press/2001/nov01/11-14midnightmadnesspr.aspx 2021-04-20 https://web.archive.org/web/20130612000737/http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/news/press/2001/nov01/11-14midnightmadnesspr.aspx June 12, 2013 November 18 – The Leonids meteor shower occurs in its heaviest concentration in decades as Earth passes through a debris cloud.November 18, 2001 Meteor storm provides stellar show http://www.cnn.com/2001/TECH/space/11/16/meteor.showers/ 2022-11-24 CNN November 24, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221124172230/http://www.cnn.com/2001/TECH/space/11/16/meteor.showers/ live November 19 - President George W. Bush signs the Aviation and Transportation Security Act into law, shifting airport security from private contractors to a federal workforce.https://www.tsa.gov/about/employee-stories/day-tsa-history-november-19-2001 This Day in TSA History: November 19, 2001 | Transportation Security Administration U.S. Department of Homeland Security Transportation Security Administration November 23 – The Budapest Convention on Cybercrime, the first international treaty to address cybercrime, is signed in Budapest, Hungary.Weber Amalie M. 2003 The Council of Europe's Convention on Cybercrime https://www.jstor.org/stable/24120528 Berkeley Technology Law Journal 18 1 425–446 24120528 1086-3818 November 20, 2022 November 20, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221120061308/https://www.jstor.org/stable/24120528 live thumb|Size comparison of HD 209458 b with Jupiter (left) November 27 – A hydrogen atmosphere is discovered on the extrasolar planet HD 209458 b, nicknamed Osiris, by the Hubble Space Telescope. It is the first atmosphere detected on an extrasolar planet.Hubble Makes First Direct Measurements of Atmosphere on World Around another Star https://hubblesite.org/contents/news-releases/2001/news-2001-38 2022-11-20 HubbleSite.org en December December – Dasht-i-Leili massacre: Hundreds of Taliban prisoners are killed by the forces of Abdul Rashid Dostum.Gall Carlotta 2002-05-01 Study Hints at Mass Killing of the Taliban en-US The New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/2002/05/01/world/study-hints-at-mass-killing-of-the-taliban.html 2022-11-24 0362-4331 February 2, 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170202170819/http://www.nytimes.com/2002/05/01/world/study-hints-at-mass-killing-of-the-taliban.html live December 1 The International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty produces a report on responsibility to protect.2001-12-01 The Responsibility to Protect: Report of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty, 2001 https://www.globalr2p.org/resources/the-responsibility-to-protect-report-of-the-international-commission-on-intervention-and-state-sovereignty-2001/ 2022-11-20 Global Centre for the Responsibility to Protect November 20, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221120061309/https://www.globalr2p.org/resources/the-responsibility-to-protect-report-of-the-international-commission-on-intervention-and-state-sovereignty-2001/ live A series of bombings in Zion Square are carried out by Hamas. Ten people are killed and hundreds more are injured.December 1, 2001 Terror strikes in Jerusalem kill 10 http://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/meast/12/01/mideast/ 2022-11-24 CNN November 24, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221124072719/http://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/meast/12/01/mideast/ live December 2 Enron files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection five days after Dynegy cancels a US$8.4 billion buyout bid (to this point, the largest bankruptcy in U.S. history).Oppel Richard A. Sorkin Andrew Ross 2001-12-03 Enron's Collapse: The Overview; Enron Corp. Files Largest U.S. Claim for Bankruptcy en-US The New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/03/business/enron-s-collapse-the-overview-enron-corp-files-largest-us-claim-for-bankruptcy.html 2022-11-20 0362-4331 November 20, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221120061312/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/03/business/enron-s-collapse-the-overview-enron-corp-files-largest-us-claim-for-bankruptcy.html live Haifa bus 16 suicide bombing: A Hamas militant carries out a suicide bombing in Haifa, Israel, killing 15 people.December 2, 2001 Bus blast kills at least 16 in Haifa, Israel http://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/meast/12/02/haifa.attack/ 2022-11-24 CNN November 24, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221124072718/http://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/meast/12/02/haifa.attack/ live December 3 – The Segway, a self-balancing personal transporter invented by Dean Kamen, is unveiled after months of public speculation and media hype on the ABC News morning program Good Morning America. December 5 – 2001 Sayyd Alma Kalay airstrike: An American airstrike mistakenly targets a friendly position, killing 11 people in a friendly fire incident. 2001-12-05 Three U.S. Troops Killed by Stray Bomb https://abcnews.go.com/International/story?id=80352&page=1 2022-11-24 ABC News en November 24, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221124161737/https://abcnews.go.com/International/story?id=80352&page=1 live December 6 – Fall of Kandahar: The Taliban surrenders in Kandahar, its final stronghold.42 December 8 – An ebola outbreak is confirmed in Gabon. December 11 – China joins the World Trade Organization. December 13 2001 Indian Parliament attack: Nine people and five terrorists are killed in a terrorist attack in New Delhi, leading to the 2001–2002 India–Pakistan standoff.http://www.indianembassy.org/new/parliament_dec_13_01.htm Terrorist Attack on the Parliament of India 2001-12-18 https://web.archive.org/web/20100611152203/http://www.indianembassy.org/new/parliament_dec_13_01.htm 2010-06-11 Embassy of India – Washington DC 2018-12-12 dead dmy-all U.S. President George W. Bush announces the American withdrawal from the 1972 Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty.Remarks Announcing the United States Withdrawal From the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/remarks-announcing-the-united-states-withdrawal-from-the-anti-ballistic-missile-treaty 2022-11-20 www.presidency.ucsb.edu November 20, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221120061323/https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/remarks-announcing-the-united-states-withdrawal-from-the-anti-ballistic-missile-treaty live Sirajuddin of Perlis becomes the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, the constitutional monarch and head of state of Malaysia.2001-12-13 Malaysia's king sworn in en-GB BBC https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/1707855.stm 2022-11-20 November 20, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221120215438/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/1707855.stm live December 15 – The Leaning Tower of Pisa is reopened to the public after 12 years of reconstruction. December 17 – Battle of Tora Bora: American forces take Tora Bora, a cave complex and the headquarters of Al-Qaeda in Afghanistan. Al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden escapes during the battle and goes into hiding.https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CPRT-111SPRT53709/html/CPRT-111SPRT53709.htm Rota Bora Revisited: How We Failed to Get bin Laden and Why It Matters Today Kerry John F. 2009-11-30 John Kerry 2022-11-24 November 20, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221120161725/https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CPRT-111SPRT53709/html/CPRT-111SPRT53709.htm live December 19 – A record-high barometric pressure of 1085.6 hPa (32.06 inHg) is recorded at Tosontsengel, Zavkhan, Mongolia.World: Highest Sea Level Air Pressure Above 750 meters http://wmo.asu.edu/highest-sea-lvl-air-pressure-above-700m dead https://web.archive.org/web/20121013225735/http://wmo.asu.edu/highest-sea-lvl-air-pressure-above-700m 13 October 2012 Arizona State University December 21 – President Fernando de la Rúa of Argentina resigns in response to the riots against Argentina's economic crisis.Krauss Clifford 2001-12-21 Argentine Leader, His Nation Frayed, Abruptly Resigns en-US The New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/21/world/argentine-leader-his-nation-frayed-abruptly-resigns.html 2022-11-24 0362-4331 November 24, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221124072723/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/21/world/argentine-leader-his-nation-frayed-abruptly-resigns.html live thumb|A ZPU-2 anti-aircraft gun that was mounted on the North Korean vessel sunk in the Battle of Amami-Ōshima December 22 Battle of Amami-Ōshima: A Japan Coast Guard ship and an armed North Korean vessel engage in conflict near the Japanese island of Amami Ōshima, in the East China Sea. The encounter ends in the sinking of the North Korean vessel that is later determined to have been a spy craft by the Japanese authorities.http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0XPQ/is_2002_Oct_7/ai_94075498 Japan announces sunken boat was N. Korean spy ship 7 October 2002 13 June 2018 August 31, 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110831154904/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0XPQ/is_2002_Oct_7/ai_94075498/ Japan Policy & Politics usurpedhttps://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/1727867.stm Japan says 'spy ship' fired rockets 25 December 2001 BBC News 29 January 2009 June 25, 2004 https://web.archive.org/web/20040625144527/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/low/asia-pacific/1727867.stm live Burhanuddin Rabbani, political leader of the Northern Alliance, hands over power in Afghanistan to the interim government headed by President Hamid Karzai.43Gall Carlotta 20 June 2002 A Buoyant Karzai is Sworn In as Afghanistan's Leader The New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/2002/06/20/world/a-buoyant-karzai-is-sworn-in-as-afghanistan-s-leader.html live https://web.archive.org/web/20100228162323/http://www.nytimes.com/2002/06/20/world/a-buoyant-karzai-is-sworn-in-as-afghanistan-s-leader.html 28 February 2010 December 24 – The Constitution of the Comoros is amended, creating a federal government with a rotating presidency and granting increased autonomy to the three island administrations. December 27 China is granted permanent normal trade status with the United States.President Grants Permanent Trade Status to China https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2001/12/20011227-2.html 2022-11-20 georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov September 27, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210927180553/https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2001/12/20011227-2.html live Tropical Storm Vamei forms within 1.5 degrees of the equator. No other tropical cyclone in recorded history has come as close to the equator.C.P. Chang Ching-Hwang Liu Hung-Chi Kuo 2003 Typhoon Vamei: An Equatorial Tropical Cyclone Formation http://www.weather.nps.navy.mil/cpchang/papers/vamei/vamei.htm dead https://web.archive.org/web/20120723011520/http://www.weather.nps.navy.mil/cpchang/papers/vamei/vamei.htm 23 July 2012 Naval Postgraduate School Department of Meteorology Nobel Prizes right|120px Physics – Eric Allin Cornell, Wolfgang Ketterle, and Carl Wieman Chemistry – William Standish Knowles, Ryōji Noyori, and Karl Barry Sharpless Medicine – Leland H. Hartwell, Tim Hunt, and Paul Nurse Literature – V. S. Naipaul Peace – United Nations, Kofi Annan Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel – George Akerlof, Michael Spence, and Joseph Stiglitz Births and deaths Births in 2001 Deaths in 2001 References Further reading Phillipa McGuinness The Year Everything Changed: 2001 Vintage Books 2018 9780143782421 "Review: The Year Everything Changed: 2001 by Phillipa McGuinness by Miriam Cosic, The Australian, June 9, 2018 External links Modern history 2001 – The Year in Review, Financial Times Category:Turn of the 3rd millennium