1988 in science

none July 2011 1988 science 1988 The year 1988 in science and technology involved many significant events, some listed below. Astronomy and space exploration September 29 – NASA resumes Space Shuttle flights, grounded after the Challenger disaster. November 15 – In the Soviet Union, the uncrewed Shuttle Buran is launched by an Energia rocket on her maiden orbital spaceflight (this was the first and last space flight for the shuttle). Canadian astronomers Bruce Campbell, G. A. H. Walker and Stephenson Yang publish radial-velocity observations suggesting that an extrasolar planet orbits the star Gamma Cephei, Campbell B. Walker G. A. H. Yang S. A search for substellar companions to solar-type stars 10.1086/166608 The Astrophysical Journal 331 902 1988 1988ApJ...331..902C free although its existence is not confirmed until 2003. Asteroid 3994 Ayashi is discovered by Masahiro Koishikawa. 4407 Taihaku is discovered. 4539 Miyagino is discovered. Climatology NASA climate scientist James Hansen uses the term global warming in testimony to the United States CongressU.S. Senate, Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, "Greenhouse Effect and Global Climate Change, part 2" 100th Cong., 1st sess., 23 June 1988, p. 44: "global warming has reached a level such that we can ascribe with a high degree of confidence a cause and effect relationship between the greenhouse effect and the observed warming." bringing it to public attention.Erik Conway http://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/climate_by_any_other_name.html What's in a Name? Global Warming vs. Climate Change NASA 2012-01-28 January 28, 2012 August 9, 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100809221926/http://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/climate_by_any_other_name.html dead The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is established. Computer science August – Internet Relay Chat, the first Internet-based chat protocol, is created by Jarkko Oikarinen in Finland. November 2 – The Morris worm, the first computer worm distributed via the Internet, written by Robert Tappan Morris, is launched from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the U.S.Richard Hill The New International Telecommunication Regulations and the Internet: A Commentary and Legislative History https://books.google.com/books?id=H4a9BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA8 25 March 2014 Springer Science & Business Media 978-3-642-45416-5 8 November 17 – The Netherlands becomes the second country to get connected to the Internet.January 2011 c. December – The first proper and official Internet connection to Europe is made between the National Science Foundation Network at Princeton, New Jersey and Nordunet in Stockholm, Sweden.http://www.nordu.net/history/TheHistoryOfNordunet_simple.pdf nordunet_alkusivut_nettiversio.indd January 1, 2021 March 4, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031416/http://www.nordu.net/history/TheHistoryOfNordunet_simple.pdf dead The first version of the Photoshop graphics software, devised by Thomas Knoll, ships with Barneyscan image scanners.http://www.storyphoto.com/multimedia/multimedia_photoshop.html From Darkroom to Desktop — How Photoshop Came to Light 2012-08-20 Story Derrick 2000-02-18 Story Photography https://web.archive.org/web/20070626182822/http://www.storyphoto.com/multimedia/multimedia_photoshop.html June 26, 2007 dead The NeXT Computer is released. Tim Berners-Lee begins openly to discuss his plans for what will become the World Wide Web at CERN. Physiology and medicine May 1 – The initial case definition of Chronic fatigue syndrome (the "Holmes definition") is published, displacing the name Chronic Epstein-Barr virus syndrome.Holmes, Gary P. Chronic fatigue syndrome: a working case definition Annals of Internal Medicine 108 3 387–9 1988 2829679 10.7326/0003-4819-108-3-387 etalSharpe Michael Campling Frankie Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS/ME) Oxford University Press 2000 14–15 https://books.google.com/books?id=_LqAIK616lgC&pg=PA14 0-19-263049-0 2008-04-02 August 13 – 2nd International Studies of Infarct Survival (ISIS-2) demonstrates beneficial effects of aspirin in treatment of myocardial infarction.1988 ISIS-2 (Second International Study of lnfarct Survival) Collaborative Group Randomised Trial of Intravenous Streptokinase, Oral Aspirin, Both, or Neither Among 17 187 Cases of Suspected Acute Myocardial Infarction: ISIS-2 The Lancet 332 349–360 10.1016/S0140-6736(88)92833-4 8607 2899772 21071664 Patricia Bath patents the Laserphaco Probe, a device "for ablating and removing cataract lenses".Wilson Donald Jane Wilson The Pride of African American History 2003 AuthorHouse 978-1-4107-2873-9 25Henderson Susan K. African-American Inventors III 1998 Capstone Press 978-1-56065-698-2 9–13 registration https://archive.org/details/africanamericani00hend/page/9 Technology TAT-8, the first transatlantic telephone cable to use optical fiber, is completed, facilitating linking of the American and European Internet. Publications Stephen Hawking publishes A Brief History of Time. Awards Nobel Prizes Physics – Leon M. Lederman, Melvin Schwartz, Jack Steinberger Chemistry – Johann Deisenhofer, Robert Huber, Hartmut Michel Medicine – Sir James W. Black, Gertrude B. Elion, George H. Hitchings Turing Award – Ivan Sutherland Deaths January 11 – Isidor Isaac Rabi (born 1898), Polish American physicist, winner of Nobel Prize in Physics in 1944 for invention of the atomic beam magnetic resonance method of measuring magnetic properties of atoms and molecules.Current Biography Yearbook https://books.google.com/books?id=IQhaAAAAYAAJ 1988 H.W. Wilson Company 649 January 18 – Cataldo Agostinelli (born 1894), Italian mathematicianCanadian Mathematical Society Notes https://books.google.com/books?id=egeGAAAAIAAJ 1989 Canadian Mathematical Society = Société mathématique du Canada 21 January 21 – E. B. Ford (born 1901), English ecological geneticist and lepidopterist.The Annual Obituary https://books.google.com/books?id=jmIYAAAAIAAJ 1988 St. Martin's 978-1-55862-050-6 13 February 15 – Richard Feynman (born 1918), American physicist, winner of Nobel Prize in Physics in 1965 for his work on quantum electrodynamics.Jagdish Mehra K. A. Milton Climbing the Mountain: The Scientific Biography of Julian Schwinger https://books.google.com/books?id=9SmZSN8F164C&pg=PA611 2000 Oxford University Press 978-0-19-850658-4 611 March 7 – Edmund Berkeley, American computer scientist (born 1909)Society of Actuaries Transactions https://books.google.com/books?id=LYAUAQAAMAAJ 1988 Printing Department, University of Chicago 978-0-938959-09-0 1196 March 8 – Werner Hartmann, German physicist (b. 1912)Augustine, Dolores L. Red Prometheus: Engineering and Dictatorship in East Germany, 1945-1990 (MIT, 2007), pages 178-189 April 27 – Valery Legasov (born 1936), Russian nuclear physicist, known for the investigation of causes of the Chernobyl disaster and planning the mitigation of its consequences.Man & Development https://books.google.com/books?id=RgrsAAAAMAAJ 1992 Centre for Research in Rural and Industrial Development 87 May 8 – Robert A. Heinlein (born 1907), American "hard" science fiction author.Harold Bloom Science Fiction Writers of the Golden Age https://books.google.com/books?id=1JsfAQAAIAAJ 1995 Chelsea House 978-0-7910-2199-6 111 May 20 – Ana Aslan (born 1897), Romanian biologist. May 27 – Ernst Ruska (born 1906), German winner of Nobel Prize in Physics for work in electron optics.George Thomas Kurian The Nobel Scientists: A Biographical Encyclopedia https://books.google.com/books?id=YbTaAAAAMAAJ 2002 Prometheus Books 978-1-57392-927-1 230 June 9 – Karl Kraus, German theoretical physicist (b. 1938)June 2021 September 1 – Luis Walter Alvarez (born 1911), American experimental physicist, winner of Nobel Prize in Physics in 1968 for bubble chamber research into particle physics. August 6 – Illa Martin, dendrologist, botanist, conservationist and dentist (b. 1900)*HW Schmitz: Dr. Illa Martin verstorben. In: Der Niederrhein. Krefeld, No. 4 1988 October 9 – Felix Wankel (born 1902), German mechanical engineer. December 4 – Osman Achmatowicz (born 1899), Polish chemist December 21 – Nikolaas Tinbergen (born 1907), Dutch-born ethologist, ornithologist, winner of Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.Paul Patrick Gordon Bateson The Development and Integration of Behaviour: Essays in Honour of Robert Hinde https://books.google.com/books?id=Q2E6IC2PhSYC&pg=PA464 30 May 1991 Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-40709-0 464 December 30 – Dennis H. Klatt (born 1938), American pioneer of speech synthesis. References Category:20th century in science Category:1980s in science