1804 in science

none 1804 science 1804 The year 1804 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below. Astronomy and space science April 5 – High Possil meteorite, the first recorded meteorite to fall in Scotland in modern times, falls at Possil. September 1 – Karl Ludwig Harding discovers the asteroid Juno. Botany March 7 – John Wedgwood founds the Horticultural Society of London.Penguin Pocket On This Day Penguin Reference Library 0-14-102715-0 2006 Jacques-Julien Labillardière begins publication of Novæ Hollandiæ Plantarum Specimen in Paris, the first flora of Australia. Publication in Paris of Nicolas-Théodore de Saussure's collected papers Recherches chimiques sur la végétation, outlining the basic reaction of photosynthesis. Publication in London of Maria Elizabetha Jacson's Botanical Lectures by a Lady. Chemistry June 21 – Smithson Tennant announces the discovery of the elements iridium and osmium; three days later, William Hyde Wollaston reveals to the Royal Society that he is the formerly anonymous discoverer of palladium.The Eighth Group of the Periodic System and Some of its Problems James Lewis Howe The Chemical News and Journal of Physical Science 1900-07-20 31 German pharmacist Friedrich Sertürner first isolates morphine from opium,Serturner, F. W. A. (1806) J. Pharm. f. Arzte. Apoth. Chem. 14 47–93.Klaus Meyer 2004 Dem Morphin auf der Spur German http://www.pharmazeutische-zeitung.de/index.php?id=26551 2012-06-12 Pharmazeutischen Zeitung GOVI-Verlag probably the first ever isolation of a natural plant alkaloid. Exploration May 14 – The Lewis and Clark Expedition departs from Camp Dubois and begin their historic journey by traveling up the Missouri River. Geology Alexander von Humboldt discovers that the Earth's magnetic field decreases from the poles to the equator. Medicine October 13 – In Japan, Hanaoka Seishū (華岡 青洲) performs a partial mastectomy for breast cancer on a 60-year-old woman named Kan Aiya, using tsūsensan as a general anesthetic, generally regarded as the first reliably documented operation performed under general anesthesia.Izuo M. Medical history: Seishū Hanaoka and his success in breast cancer surgery under general anesthesia two hundred years ago Breast Cancer 11 4 319–24 2004 10.1007/BF02968037 15604985 43428862The Pain Clinic IV: proceedings of the fourth international symposium Doctor S. Hanaoka, the world's-first success in providing general anesthesia 3–12 Hyodo, M. Hyodo, M. Oyama, T. Swerdlow, M. VSP Utrecht 1992 90-6764-147-2 https://books.google.com/books?id=ljBTn8HBBjcC&q=%22Doctor%20S.%20Hanaoka%2C%20the%20World's-First%20Success%20in%20Providing%20General%20Anesthesia%22&pg=PA3 2010-09-13Giving up the gun: Japan's reversion to the sword, 1543-1879 Perrin Noel Noel Perrin David R. Godine Boston 1979 86 0-87923-773-2 https://archive.org/details/givingupgun00noel registration Giving up the gun Noel Perrin. 2010-09-13Matsuki, A. New studies on the history of anesthesiology – a new study on Seishū Hanaoka's "Nyugan chiken roku" (a surgical experience with breast cancer) Masui: The Japanese Journal of Anesthesiology 49 9 1038–43 2000 0021-4892 11025965 http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/New-studies-history-anesthesiology-new/11025965.html 2010-09-13 2016-04-23 https://web.archive.org/web/20160423215313/http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/New-studies-history-anesthesiology-new/11025965.html dead Publication of The Anatomy of the Human Body, vol. 3, Nervous System by Charles Bell.L. S. Jacyna Bell, Sir Charles (1774–1842) 2004 http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/1999 2011-04-06 10.1093/ref:odnb/1999 English physician Joseph Mason Cox publishes Practical Observations on Insanity; in which some suggestions are offered towards and improved mode of treating diseases of the mind, and some rules proposed which it is hoped may lead to a more humane and successful method of cure.Joseph Mason Cox https://wellcomecollection.org/works/w7gdnmef Practical Observations on Insanity 2nd 1806 London Baldwin Wellcome Collection 2023-07-30. Antonio Scarpa publishes Riflessioni ed Osservazione anatomico-chirugiche sull' Aneurisma, a classic text on aneurysms.Benjamin Ward Richardson Antonio Scarpa, F.R.S., and Surgical Anatomy The Asclepiad 1886 4 16 128–157 https://books.google.com/books?id=-xVCQGjm3ZEC 2008-06-10 Longmans, Green and Co. London Meteorology Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac and Jean Baptiste Biot study the atmosphere from a hot-air balloon. Paleontology James Parkinson publishes the first volume of Organic Remains of a Former World, supporting belief in catastrophism.Michael Bevan Parkinson, James (1755–1824) 2004 http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/21371 2010-04-11 10.1093/ref:odnb/21371 Technology February 21 – The Cornishman Richard Trevithick's newly built "Penydarren" steam locomotive operates on the Merthyr Tramroad between Penydarren Ironworks in Merthyr Tydfil and Abercynon in South Wales, following several trials since February 13, the world's first locomotive to work on rails.Rattenbury Gordon Lewis, M. J. T. Merthyr Tydfil Tramroads and their Locomotives 2004 Railway and Canal Historical Society Oxford 0-901461-52-0 The first Burr Truss bridge is built by Theodore Burr across the Hudson River in Waterford, New York.The Burr Truss Truss Styles of Covered Bridges New York State Covered Bridge Society http://www.nycoveredbridges.org/page44.html 2011-12-13 January 2006 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20060908112144/http://www.nycoveredbridges.org/page44.html 2006-09-08 Joseph Marie Jacquard patents the Jacquard machine to automate the loom.Programming patterns: the story of the Jacquard loom https://www.scienceandindustrymuseum.org.uk/objects-and-stories/jacquard-loom 2019-06-15 2024-11-01 Science + Industry Museum William Congreve begins development of the solid-fuel Congreve rocket as an artillery weapon. The British Army first uses shrapnel shells ("spherical case shot"), invented by Major Henry Shrapnel, in action, against the Dutch in Suriname.Hogg O. F. G. 1970 Artillery: its origin, heyday and decline London Hurst 0-900966-43-2 180 Awards Copley Medal: Smithson TennantCopley Medal British scientific award https://www.britannica.com/science/Copley-Medal Encyclopedia Britannica 21 July 2020 en Births February 12 – Heinrich Lenz, Russian-born Baltic German physicist (died 1865) February 18 – Baron Carl von Rokitansky, Bohemian pathologist (died 1878) March 8 – Alvan Clark, American telescope manufacturer (died 1887) April 5 Mary Philadelphia Merrifield, née Watkins, English fashion writer and algologist (died 1889) Matthias Schleiden, German botanist (died 1881) May 4 – Margaretta Riley, English pteridologist (died 1899) May 9 – Hewett Watson, English biologist (died 1881) May 13 – Janet Taylor, née Jane Ann Ionn, English mathematician and navigational instrument maker (died 1870) June 5 – Robert Schomburgk, German-born explorer (died 1865) July 20 – Richard Owen, English anatomist and paleontologist (died 1892) September 14 – John Gould, English ornithologist (died 1881) September 16 – Squire Whipple, American civil engineer (died 1888) October 1 – William Stokes, Irish physician (died 1878) October 24 – Wilhelm Eduard Weber, German physicist (died 1891) December 10 – Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi, German mathematician (died 1851) December 24 – Édouard Chassaignac, French surgeon (died 1879) Deaths February 6 – Joseph Priestley, English chemist (born 1733) March 26 – Wolfgang von Kempelen, Hungarian inventor (born 1734) August 30 – Thomas Percival, English reforming physician and medical ethicist (born 1740) September 20 – Pierre Méchain, French astronomer (born 1744) October 2 – Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot, French mechanical engineer (born 1725) November 5 – Louis Lépecq de La Clôture, French epidemiologist (born 1736) https://data.bnf.fr/fr/17791340/louis_lepecq_de_la_cloture/ Louis Lépecq de La Clôture (1736-1804) data.bnf.fr BNF 21 October 2020 References Category:19th century in science Category:1800s in science