1974 Soviet nuclear tests

none List of nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union 1974 Nuclear Blast Animation Rising Mushroom Cloud.gif Nuclear blast animation Soviet Union Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan; Bashkortostan, Russia; Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan; Komi, Russia; NZ Area A, Chyornaya Guba, Novaya Zemlya, Russia; NZ Area B, Matochkin Shar, Novaya Zemlya, Russia; Sakha, Russia; Sary-Uzen/Murzhik, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan; Yamalo-Nenets, Russia 1974 21 underground shaft, tunnel 2.3 MtTNT in 1973 Soviet nuclear tests 1975 Soviet nuclear tests 1974 Soviet nuclear tests The Soviet Union's 1974 nuclear test series was a group of 21 nuclear tests conducted in 1974. These testsA bomb test may be a salvo test, defined as two or more explosions "where a period of time between successive individual explosions does not exceed 5 seconds and where the burial points of all explosive devices can be connected by segments of straight lines, each of them connecting two burial points and does not exceed 40 kilometers in length". V. N. Mikhailov Catalog of World Wide Nuclear Testing Begell-Atom, LLC http://www.iss-atom.ru/ksenia/catal_nt/1.htm 2013-12-17 https://web.archive.org/web/20140426102201/http://www.iss-atom.ru/ksenia/catal_nt/1.htm 2014-04-26 dead followed the 1973 Soviet nuclear tests series and preceded the 1975 Soviet nuclear tests series. + Soviet Union's 1974 series tests and detonations Name The US, France and Great Britain have code-named their test events, while the USSR and China did not, and therefore have only test numbers (with some exceptions – Soviet peaceful explosions were named). Word translations into English in parentheses unless the name is a proper noun. A dash followed by a number indicates a member of a salvo event. The US also sometimes named the individual explosions in such a salvo test, which results in "name1 – 1(with name2)". If test is canceled or aborted, then the row data like date and location discloses the intended plans, where known. Date time (UT) Local time zoneTo convert the UT time into standard local, add the number of hours in parentheses to the UT time; for local daylight saving time, add one additional hour. If the result is earlier than 00:00, add 24 hours and subtract 1 from the day; if it is 24:00 or later, subtract 24 hours and add 1 to the day. Historical time zone data obtained from the IANA time zone database.Time Zone Historical Database iana.com http://www.ietf.org/timezones/ March 8, 2014 LocationRough place name and a latitude/longitude reference; for rocket-carried tests, the launch location is specified before the detonation location, if known. Some locations are extremely accurate; others (like airdrops and space blasts) may be quite inaccurate. "~" indicates a likely pro-forma rough location, shared with other tests in that same area. Elevation + height Elevation is the ground level at the point directly below the explosion relative to sea level; height is the additional distance added or subtracted by tower, balloon, shaft, tunnel, air drop or other contrivance. For rocket bursts the ground level is "N/A". In some cases it is not clear if the height is absolute or relative to ground, for example, Plumbbob/John. No number or units indicates the value is unknown, while "0" means zero. Sorting on this column is by elevation and height added together. Delivery,Atmospheric, airdrop, balloon, gun, cruise missile, rocket, surface, tower, and barge are all disallowed by the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. Sealed shaft and tunnel are underground, and remained useful under the PTBT. Intentional cratering tests are borderline; they occurred under the treaty, were sometimes protested, and generally overlooked if the test was declared to be a peaceful use.Purpose Include weapons development, weapon effects, safety test, transport safety test, war, science, joint verification and industrial/peaceful, which may be further broken down. DeviceDesignations for test items where known, "?" indicates some uncertainty about the preceding value, nicknames for particular devices in quotes. This category of information is often not officially disclosed. YieldEstimated energy yield in tons, kilotons, and megatons. A ton of TNT equivalent is defined as 4.184 gigajoules (1 gigacalorie). FalloutRadioactive emission to the atmosphere aside from prompt neutrons, where known. The measured species is only iodine-131 if mentioned, otherwise it is all species. No entry means unknown, probably none if underground and "all" if not; otherwise notation for whether measured on the site only or off the site, where known, and the measured amount of radioactivity released. References Notes 396 - 1396 dmy 1974 1 30 04:57:04.6 ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 603 49.8158 78.0401 396 - 1 inline 000677677 m on + tunnel,weapon effect 000240000 24 kt 396 - 2396 dmy 1974 1 30 04:57:04.6 ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 603 49.8158 78.0401 396 - 2 inline 000677677 m on + tunnel,weapon effect 000060000 6 kt 396 - 3396 dmy 1974 1 30 04:57:04.6 ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 603 49.8158 78.0401 396 - 3 inline 000677677 m on + tunnel,weapon effect 000000000 unknown yield 397397 dmy 1974 2 28 ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 110 49.8286 78.11322 397 inline 000618618 m on + tunnel,safety experiment 000000010 1000 kg 398398 dmy 1974 4 16 05:52:59.84 ALMT (6 hrs) Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 1301 50.02444 78.92639 398 inline 000330330 m on + underground shaft,weapons development 000010000 1 kt Venting detected 399399 dmy 1974 5 16 03:03:00.1 ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 176 49.7459 78.0374 399 inline 000652652 m on + tunnel,weapons development 000180000 18 kt 400400 dmy 1974 5 31 03:27:00.02 ALMT (6 hrs) Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 1207 49.96148 78.84253 400 inline 000014330 m on – 316 m on underground shaft,peaceful research 000710000 71 kt Venting detected Up to 127 observers washed with radioactive emissions, some perhaps to 100-200 REM. 401401 dmy 1974 6 25 03:57:00.2 ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: Z-1pp 49.82831 78.10632 401 inline 000630630 m on + tunnel,weapon effect 000035000 3.5 kt 402 Kama 1402 Kama 1 dmy 1974 7 8 06:00:00.0 SVET (5 hrs) Bashkortostan, Russia: Kama-1 53.7 55.1 402 Kama 1 inline 000000 – 2130 m on underground shaft,cavity excavation 000100000 10 kt Oil and chemical waste water burial. 22 km W Salavat. 403403 dmy 1974 7 10 02:57:00.0 ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 195 49.7791 78.1027 403 inline 000600600 m on + tunnel,weapons development 000180000 18 kt 404404 dmy 1974 7 29 03:28:00.0 ALMT (6 hrs) Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 1050 49.9375 78.93583 404 inline 000330330 m on + underground shaft,weapons development 000000000 unknown yield 405 Gorizont 2 (Horizon)405 Gorizont 2 (Horizon) dmy 1974 8 14 15:00:00.2 SVET (5 hrs) Yamalo-Nenets, Russia: G-2 68.903 75.823 405 Gorizont 2 (Horizon) inline 000000 – 550 m on underground shaft,seismic sounding 000076000 7.6 kt Seismic probing program. 190 km NW Tazovsky, Tumen. 407 - 1407 dmy 1974 8 29 09:59:56.2 MSK (3 hrs) NZ Area B, Matochkin Shar, Novaya Zemlya, Russia: A-11 73.397 54.905 407 - 1 inline 000000100 m on – 1000 m on tunnel,weapons development 012000000 1.2 Mt Venting detected off site, 4.9 kCi TBq on 407 - 2407 dmy 1974 8 29 09:59:56.2 MSK (3 hrs) NZ Area B, Matochkin Shar, Novaya Zemlya, Russia: A-11 73.397 54.905 407 - 2 inline 000100100 m on + tunnel,weapons development 000000000 unknown yield 407 - 3407 dmy 1974 8 29 09:59:56.2 MSK (3 hrs) NZ Area B, Matochkin Shar, Novaya Zemlya, Russia: A-11 73.397 54.905 407 - 3 inline 000100100 m on + tunnel,weapons development 000000000 unknown yield 407 - 4407 dmy 1974 8 29 09:59:56.2 MSK (3 hrs) NZ Area B, Matochkin Shar, Novaya Zemlya, Russia: A-11 73.397 54.905 407 - 4 inline 000100100 m on + tunnel,weapons development 000000000 unknown yield 407 - 5407 dmy 1974 8 29 09:59:56.2 MSK (3 hrs) NZ Area B, Matochkin Shar, Novaya Zemlya, Russia: A-11 73.397 54.905 407 - 5 inline 000100100 m on + tunnel,weapons development 000000000 unknown yield 406 Gorizont 1 (Horizon)406 Gorizont 1 (Horizon) dmy 1974 8 29 15:00:00.4 MSK (3 hrs) Komi, Russia: G-1 67.08558 62.62404 406 Gorizont 1 (Horizon) inline 000000 – 590 m on underground shaft,seismic sounding 000076000 7.6 kt Seismic probing program. 408408 dmy 1974 9 13 03:03:00.0 ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 179 49.7653 78.0549 408 inline 000690690 m on + tunnel,weapon effect 000140000 14 kt 409 Kristall (Crystal)409 Kristall (Crystal) dmy 1974 10 2 01:00:01.1 YAKT (9 hrs) Sakha, Russia 66.45723 112.39882 409 Kristall (Crystal) inline 000207305 m on – 98 m on underground shaft,earth moving 000017000 1.7 kt Designed to build a dam on the Deldyn River; was to be first of 8, but project was scrubbed by high radioactivity. Original crater covered with dirt from mine nearby. 90 km NE Aykhal, Yakutia. 410 Argon 3410 Argon 3 dmy 1974 10 16 06:33:00.14 ALMT (6 hrs) Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 1005 49.98773 78.89438 410 Argon 3 inline 000330330 m on + underground shaft,weapon effect 000190000 19 kt 411411 dmy 1974 11 2 05:00:00.0 MSK (3 hrs) NZ Area A, Chyornaya Guba, Novaya Zemlya, Russia: Yu-5N 70.88 53.87 411 inline 00000030 m on – 1500 m on underground shaft,weapons development 023000000 2.3 Mt 412412 dmy 1974 11 28 05:57:00.0 ALMT (6 hrs) Sary-Uzen/Murzhik, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 215 49.95 77.7 412 inline 000460460 m on + underground shaft,weapons development 000000100 10 t Venting detected 413 Lazurit (Lazurite)413 Lazurit (Lazurite) dmy 1974 12 7 05:59:59.0 ALMT (6 hrs) Sary-Uzen/Murzhik, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: R-1 49.9276 77.60523 413 Lazurit (Lazurite) inline 000385460 m on – 75 m on underground shaft,earth moving 000017000 1.7 kt Supposed to build a dome, part of a dam wall on the upslope side of a 20 degree slope. 414414 dmy 1974 12 16 06:23:00.14 ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 709p 49.7598 78.0754 414 inline 000629629 m on + tunnel,weapons development 000067000 6.7 kt 415415 dmy 1974 12 16 06:41:00.34 ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 148/5 49.8329 78.0318 415 inline 000474600 m on – 126 m on tunnel,industrial 000038000 3.8 kt A second test of a special device (see #366 and #415) for keeping radioactivity from invading ore bodies when using a bomb to fracture them. 416416 dmy 1974 12 27 05:46:59.49 ALMT (6 hrs) Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 1058 49.96857 79.00437 416 inline 000330330 m on + underground shaft,weapons development 000360000 36 kt note References RFNC-VNIIEF 1996 USSR Nuclear Weapons Tests and Peaceful Nuclear Explosions 1949 through 1990 Sarov, Russia The official Russian list of Soviet tests. Podvig Pavel 2001 Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces MIT Press Cambridge, MA 9780262661812 https://books.google.com/books?id=CPRVbYDc-7kC&pg=PA453 January 9, 2014 Cochran Thomas B. Arkin William M. Robert S. Norris Jeffrey I. Sands Nuclear Weapons Databook Vol. IV: Soviet Nuclear Weapons Harper and Row New York, NY Khalturin Vitaly I. Tatyana G. Rautian Paul G. Richards 2000 10.1007/pl00001153 Chemical explosions during 1961-1989 on the Semipalatinsk Test Site, Kazakhstan Pure and Applied Geophysics 158 143–171 128953780 http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/res/div/sgt/vitaly/VIKh_papers/chemex_at_STS2000.pdf December 13, 2013 March 4, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160304120004/http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/res/div/sgt/vitaly/VIKh_papers/chemex_at_STS2000.pdf dead Yang Xiaoping Robert North Carl Romney August 2000 CMR Nuclear Explosion Database (Revision 3) SMDC Monitoring Research Nuclear explosions in the USSR: The North Test Site reference material, version 4 December 1, 2004 IAEA Dept. of Nuclear Safety and Security http://www-ns.iaea.org/downloads/rw/waste-safety/north-test-site-final.pdf December 13, 2013 Andrushkin Vitaly V. William Leith September 1, 2001 The containment of Soviet underground nuclear explosions USGS Open File Report 01-312 https://geology.er.usgs.gov/eespteam/pdf/USGSOFR01312.pdf December 13, 2013 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20130509080818/http://geology.er.usgs.gov/eespteam/pdf/USGSOFR01312.pdf May 9, 2013 Won-Young Kim Paul G. Richards Vitaly Andrushkin Vladimir Ovtchinnikov April 1, 2001 Borovoye digital seismogram archive for underground nuclear tests during 1966-1996 LDEO http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/Monitoring/Data/Brv_arch_ex/brv_text_table.pdf December 13, 2013 Nordyke M.D. The Soviet Program for Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Explosions UCRL-ID-12441O Rev 2 http://cryptocomb.org/The%20Soviet%20Program%20for%20Peaceful%20Uses%20of%20Nuclear%20Explosions.pdf December 13, 2013 1974 Category:1974 in the Soviet Union Category:1974 in military history Category:1974 explosions