1990 Tour de France

April 2019 May 2019 1990 Tour de France Route of the 1990 Tour de France.png Route of the 1990 Tour de France 360px Map of France with the route of the 1990 Tour de France 30 June – 22 July 1990 21 + prologue 3,403.8 km 90h 43' 20" Greg LeMond USA C.A 1990 yellow Claudio Chiappucci ITA CAR 1990 Erik Breukink NED PDM 1990 Olaf Ludwig DDR Panasonic 1990 green Thierry Claveyrolat FRA RMO 1991 polkadot Gilles Delion FRA HEL 1991 C.A 1990 Eduardo Chozas ESP ONC 1990 1989 1991 The 1990 Tour de France was the 77th edition of the Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours.Heijmans Mallon 2011 95 It took place between 30 June and 22 July 1990. The 3,403.8 km mi on race consisted of 21 stages and a prologue. American Greg LeMond (C.A 1990) repeated his 1989 victory in the general classification, ahead of Claudio Chiappucci (CAR 1990) and Erik Breukink (PDM 1990) in second and third place respectively. The Tour started with a prologue time trial at the Futuroscope theme park, won by Thierry Marie (CAS 1990). On the first stage, a four-rider group escaped and gained more than ten minutes on the rest of the field. Steve Bauer (MOT 1990) became the new leader of the race, but faltered in the Alps as Ronan Pensec (C.A 1990 yes), also from the escape group, took over the race lead. Two days later, during a mountain time trial to Villard-de-Lans, the lead passed to Claudio Chiappucci, who had been in the same group as well. Chiappucci fought to hang on to his advantage over defending champion LeMond, but was overtaken in the final time trial on the penultimate stage. It was LeMond's third Tour victory, a feat he achieved without winning an individual stage. The points classification was won by Olaf Ludwig (PSC 1990), while the mountains classification was won by Thierry Claveyrolat (RMO 1990). Gilles Delion (HEL 1990) was the best young rider, while Eduardo Chozas (ONC 1990) was awarded the super-combativity prize. C.A 1990 yes, the team of race winner LeMond, won the team classification. The 1990 race was the first edition in which riders from Eastern Bloc nations participated. Ludwig became the first rider from East Germany and Dimitri Konyshev (Alfa Lum 1990) was the first Soviet rider to win a stage at the Tour. Teams List of teams and cyclists in the 1990 Tour de France thumb|The lakeside arena at the Futuroscope theme park hosted the team presentation ceremony. The 1990 Tour had a starting field of 22 teams of 9 cyclists.The history of the Tour de France – Year 1990 – The starters http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1990/partants.html Tour de France Amaury Sport Organisation 2 April 2020 22 January 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210122195220/https://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1990/partants.html dead Of those 22, 16 teams qualified based on the FICP team rankings,http://archives.lesoir.be/trois-equipes_t-19900518-Z02PE0.html Trois équipes Three teams fr 18 May 1990 24 April 2013 Le soir while six teams were given wildcards.https://leiden.courant.nu/issue/LLC/1990-06-14/edition/0/page/13 Ploeg Priem naar de Tour Team Priem to the Tour nl Regionaal Archief Leiden Leidse Courant 13 14 June 1990van den Akker 2018 18 Notable teams who failed to qualify and were not invited were BH–Amaya Seguros and Café de Colombia with Luis Herrera, a double former winner of the mountains classification.Nicholson 1991 83 The largest numbers of riders from a nation came from France (35), with the next largest coming from Belgium (27), Spain (25), Italy (22), Netherlands (19), Colombia (14) and Switzerland (13). For the first time, riders from the Eastern Bloc competed in the Tour, ten in total, enabled by the changing political climate brought about by the revolutions in the Eastern Bloc countries.Wheatcroft 2013 269 While several riders from Warsaw Pact nations had transferred to established Western teams,Abt 1991 110–113 the Alfa Lum 1990 team was made up of exclusively Soviet cyclists.McGann McGann 2008 197 Three more teams included cyclists of a single nationality: LTS 1990 (Belgian), Postobón 1990 (Colombian), and ARI 1990 (Italian).Abt 1991 105 Of the 198 cyclists starting the race, 58 were riding the Tour de France for the first time.Tour de France 1990 – Debutants https://www.procyclingstats.com/race/tour-de-france/1990/gc/startlist/debutants ProCyclingStats 24 March 2020 The average age of riders in the race was 27.77 years,Tour de France 1990 – Peloton averages https://www.procyclingstats.com/race/tour-de-france/1990/gc/startlist/general-peloton-averages ProCyclingStats 24 March 2020 ranging from the 21-year-old Antonio Miguel Díaz (KEL 1990) to the 35-year-old Gilbert Duclos-Lassalle (C.A 1990).Tour de France 1990 – Youngest competitors https://www.procyclingstats.com/race/tour-de-france/1990/gc/startlist/youngest-competitors ProCyclingStats 24 March 2020 The KEL 1990 yes cyclists had the youngest average age while the riders on PSC 1990 had the oldest.Tour de France 1990 – Average team age https://www.procyclingstats.com/race/tour-de-france/1990/gc/startlist/average-team-age ProCyclingStats 24 March 2020 The presentation of the teams – where the members of each team's roster are introduced in front of the media and local dignitaries – took place at the lakeside arena at Futuroscope theme park, 10 km mi on north of the city of Poitiers, west-central France, which later hosted the prologue stage.Andrews 2016 228 The teams entering the race were: Qualified teams 20em MOT 1990 ARI 1990 GCE 1990 RAB 1990 CAR 1990 CAS 1990 Chateau d'Ax 1990 HEL 1990 Sigma 1990 OLO 1990 ONC 1990 PSC 1990 PDM 1990 RMO 1990 Weinmann 1990 C.A 1990 Invited teams 20em Alfa Lum 1990 KEL 1990 Postobón 1990 Seur 1990 LVC 1990 TVM 1990 Pre-race favourites 300 Greg LeMond 1989 Tour de Trump (cropped).jpg Portrait of Greg LeMond Laurent FIGNON (cropped).jpg Portrait of Laurent Fignon Greg LeMond (left) and Laurent Fignon (right) were the leading favourites for the general classification, having finished the 1989 Tour in first and second place respectively. In the lead up to the Tour, the main contenders for the general classification were Greg LeMond (C.A 1990 yes), Laurent Fignon (CAS 1990 yes), Pedro Delgado (GCE 1990 yes), and Stephen Roche (Sigma 1990 yes). All four were former Tour winners. They were the preeminent stage race specialists, with each one focusing their season around the Tour.Clash of the Titans 1990 Tour de France 1990: Special Guide London Winning Productions 2 0959-1419 The leading favourite was two-time Tour winner LeMond, who returned to defend his title.Martin 1990 After winning the Tour in 1989 and the World Championship road race, LeMond had not taken another victory. He had finished Paris–Nice more than eight minutes behind the winnerAbt 1991 57 and struggled at the Giro d'Italia, where he placed 105th.Abt 1991 64 He was considered overweight due to lack of trainingAbt Samuel LeMond Riding On Confidence https://www.nytimes.com/1990/06/30/sports/lemond-riding-on-confidence.html 8 November 2019 The New York Times 30 June 1990 45 none and had been suffering from mononucleosis.McGann McGann 2008 191–197 Encouraging signs came during the Tour de Suisse, just weeks before the start of the Tour de France, where he finished tenth.Abt 1991 64 LeMond did not consider himself a favourite for victory going into the race, but declared that he would be disappointed should he not finish on the podium.LeMond, un hombre nuevo LeMond, a new man http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1990/06/29/MD19900629-039.pdf Mundo Deportivo 29 June 1990 39 es For the first time at a Tour, LeMond had the support of his whole team,Pryde Kenny LeMond: Lazarus and Midas 1990 Tour de France 1990: Special Guide London Winning Productions 4–6 0959-1419 including Robert Millar,Later in life Robert Millar underwent a gender transition and is now known as Philippa York.Fotheringham William William Fotheringham Philippa York: 'I've known I was different since I was a five-year-old' https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2017/jul/06/philippa-york-gender-transition-cyclist-robert-millar The Guardian 1 May 2018 6 July 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170707015639/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2017/jul/06/philippa-york-gender-transition-cyclist-robert-millar 7 July 2017 live none For the purpose of this article, her name and gender from 1990 are used. who had won the Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré and placed second at the Tour de Suisse just prior to the start of the Tour.Nicholson 1991 64 The sport newspaper L'Équipe was expecting a close battle between LeMond and Fignon, who had finished in second place in 1989, only eight seconds behind LeMond.http://www.cyclesportmag.com/features/classic-races-1990-tour-de-france/ Classic races: 1990 Tour de France Lionel Birnie Lionel Birnie Cycle Sport IPC Media 1 April 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20101230005339/http://www.cyclesportmag.com/features/classic-races-1990-tour-de-france/ 30 December 2010 Fignon had previously won the Tour in 1983 and 1984.Pryde Kenny Fignon: The Anti-Hero 1990 Tour de France 1990: Special Guide London Winning Productions 8–10 0959-1419 A crash on stage 5 of the Giro had forced Fignon to abandon the race he had won in 1989. He returned to racing at the Route du Sud and later competed in the Tour de Luxembourg as preparation for the Tour de France and had apparently overcome his injuries.Nicholson 1991 61-63 Writing in his autobiography, Fignon later admitted that his crashes and poor results earlier in the season had left him "a tired man, physically and mentally" and that he entered the Tour with "few illusions about what was coming".Fignon 2010 225 Fignon's squad was not seen as the strongest, but they were dedicated to him and managed by Cyrille Guimard, who had led multiple riders to Tour victories. Delgado, the winner of the 1988 Tour, was in good form after placing second at the Vuelta a España earlier in the year.Pryde Kenny Delgado: Perico, El Conquistador 1990 Tour de France 1990: Special Guide London Winning Productions 16–18 0959-1419 He was part of the strong GCE 1990 yes team, with Miguel Induráin to help him in the mountains. Roche, winner of the 1987 edition, was on the start line, but still troubled by recurring knee pain.De moed van Roche begint op te raken Roche's courage begins to run out Visser Jaap Wagendorp Bert https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ABCDDD:010857581:mpeg21:a0771 De Volkskrant 30 June 1990 47 nl Delpher His best result of the season had been a second place behind Induráin at Paris–Nice.Ryan 2018 291 Erik Breukink was among several other riders named as favourites. Sean Kelly, was the record winner of the points classification and appeared in good form, having just won the Tour de Suisse, but was thought to be working for Breukink.Ryan 2018 309–310 Spanish newspaper El País considered Delgado to be the top favourite, but also named Fignon, LeMond,Fernández Juan José Greg Lemond y Fignon se atacan verbalmente ante el inicio del Tour Greg Lemond and Fignon verbally attack each other before the start of the Tour https://elpais.com/diario/1990/06/30/deportes/646696810_850215.html 13 March 2020 El País 30 June 1990 es and Gianni Bugno (Chateau d'Ax 1990 yes), who had won the Giro earlier that year, as potential winners.Pedro Delgado, favorito en el Tour que comienza hoy Pedro Delgado, favorite in the Tour that starts today https://elpais.com/diario/1990/06/30/portada/646696802_850215.html 28 January 2020 El País 30 June 1990 53 es https://web.archive.org/web/20190526133319/https://elpais.com/diario/1990/06/30/portada/646696802_850215.html 26 May 2019 Mundo Deportivo also named Charly Mottet (RMO 1990 yes) among the favourites.de Dalmases Javier Bugno: "No creo que gane" Bugno: "I don't think I win" http://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/1990/06/30/pagina-37/1214105/pdf.html 28 January 2020 Mundo Deportivo 30 June 1990 37 es His best result that season had been a second place behind Bugno at the Giro.Abt 1991 165 Also on the start line was Marco Giovannetti, winner of the Vuelta and third at the Giro. According to cycling journalist Geoffrey Nicholson, his ability to perform in another three-week Grand Tour was doubted from the start, and it was agreed that he only participated to ensure a wildcard entry for his team, Seur.Nicholson 1991 88 Gert-Jan Theunisse (PSC 1990 yes), fourth the previous year and winner of the mountains classification, did not start due to two positive doping tests earlier in the season.Gert Jan Theunisse weer positief Gert Jan Theunisse positive again https://www.dekrantvantoen.nl//vw/article.do?id=NVHN-19900630-AE0023009 Nieuwsblad van het Noorden 30 June 1990 Futuroscope 23 nl De Krant van ToenDe Tour wil van Sodom en Gomorra-image af The Tour wants to get rid of Sodom and Gomorra image Woldendorp Johan https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ABCDDD:010825223:mpeg21:p019 Trouw 30 June 1990 Jaunay-Clan 19 nl Delpher Route and stages thumb|The Col du Tourmalet mountain pass was the highest point of elevation in the race, at 2115 m ft on. The 1990 Tour de France started on 30 June, and had two rest days.Augendre 2016 81 The race had its Grand Départ (opening stages) in and around the Futuroscope theme park, whose owners paid around $1 million for the right to host the beginning of the race.Abt 1991 44 After two stages, both held on the same day, also at Futuroscope, the Tour took a clockwise route around France.van den Akker 2018 12 The race traveled north towards the English Channel and then east to Rouen. A plane transfer on the first rest day brought the field to Sarrebourg on the border to Germany before the race turned south towards the Alps.Nicholson 1991 111 On the second rest day, the Tour remained in Villard-de-Lans.Augendre 2016 81 The race then turned south-west to the Pyrenees before turning north again towards Paris, ending with the ceremonial Champs-Élysées stage.Bacon 2014 190 Stage 5 from Avranches to Rouen was the longest at 301 km mi on.Bacon 2014 190 2020, this is the last time that a Tour de France stage exceeded 300 km mi on.Tour de France 2017: les records qui pourraient tomber et ceux qui devraient perdurer Tour de France 2017: the records that could fall and those that should last https://www.europe1.fr/sport/tour-de-france-2017-les-records-qui-pourraient-tomber-et-ceux-qui-devraient-perdurer-3375338 20 March 2020 Europe 1 1 July 2017 fr The shortest road stage was the tenth, from Geneva to Saint-Gervais, at 118.5 km mi on.Augendre 2016 81Bacon 2014 190 The highest point of elevation in the race was 2115 m ft on at the summit of the Col du Tourmalet mountain pass on stage 16.Wagendorp Bert :nl:Bert Wagendorp Met de klok mee vraagt om vroege ontknoping Clockwise requires early denouement https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ABCDDD:010857581:mpeg21:p051 de Volkskrant 30 June 1990 51 nl DelpherAugendre 2016 188 It was among five hors catégorie (beyond category) rated climbs in the race. + Stage characteristics and winnersTour 90 https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010567301:mpeg21:p021 Leeuwarder Courant 28 June 1990 21 nl Delpherhttp://memoire-du-cyclisme.eu/eta_tdf/tdf1990.php Mémoire du cyclisme 77ème Tour de France 1990 77th Tour de France 1990 fr 24 March 2020 24 March 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200324024111/http://memoire-du-cyclisme.eu/eta_tdf/tdf1990.php deadThe history of the Tour de France – Year 1990 – The stage winners http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1990/vainqueurs.html Tour de France Amaury Sport Organisation 2 April 2020 3 April 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200403005351/http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1990/vainqueurs.html dead Stage Date Course Distance Type Winner P30 June Futuroscope 6.3 km on 20px|alt=|link= Individual time trial Thierry Marie FRA 11 July Futuroscope 138.5 km on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Frans Maassen NED 21 July Futuroscope 44.5 km on alt=|link=Team time trial|20px Team time trial NED PSC 1990 32 July Poitiers to Nantes 233.0 km on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Moreno Argentin ITA 43 July Nantes to Mont Saint-Michel 203.0 km on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Johan Museeuw BEL 54 July Avranches to Rouen 301.0 km on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Gerrit Solleveld NED 5 July Rouen Rest day 66 July Sarrebourg to Vittel 202.5 km on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Jelle Nijdam NED 77 July Vittel to Épinal 61.5 km on 20px|alt=|link= Individual time trial Raúl Alcalá MEX 88 July Épinal to Besançon 181.5 km on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Olaf Ludwig GDR 99 July Besançon to Geneva (Switzerland) 196.0 km on 20px|alt=|link= Hilly stage Massimo Ghirotto ITA 1010 July Geneva (Switzerland) to Saint-Gervais 118.5 km on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Thierry Claveyrolat FRA 1111 July Saint-Gervais to Alpe d'Huez 182.5 km on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Gianni Bugno ITA 1212 July Fontaine to Villard-de-Lans 33.5 km on 20px|alt=|link= Mountain time trial Erik Breukink NED 13 July Villard-de-Lans Rest day 1314 July Villard-de-Lans to Saint-Étienne 149.0 km on 20px|alt=|link= Hilly stage Eduardo Chozas ESP 1415 July Le Puy-en-Velay to Millau 205.0 km on 20px|alt=|link= Hilly stage Marino Lejarreta ESP 1516 July Millau to Revel 170.0 km on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Charly Mottet FRA 1617 July Blagnac to Luz Ardiden 215.0 km on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Miguel Induráin ESP 1718 July Lourdes to Pau 150.0 km on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Dimitri Konychev URS 1819 July Pau to Bordeaux 202.0 km on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Gianni Bugno ITA 1920 July Castillon-la-Bataille to Limoges 182.5 km on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Guido Bontempi ITA 2021 July Lac de Vassivière to Lac de Vassivière 45.5 km on 20px|alt=|link= Individual time trial Erik Breukink NED 2122 July Brétigny-sur-Orge to Paris (Champs-Élysées) 182.5 km on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Johan Museeuw BEL Total 3403.8 km 0 onBacon 2014 190 Race overview 1990 Tour de France, Prologue to Stage 10 1990 Tour de France, Stage 11 to Stage 21 Grand Départ at Futuroscope thumb|upright|Thierry Marie (pictured in 1993) won the prologue time trial. The prologue at Futuroscope was won by Thierry Marie (CAS 1990 yes), a specialist in the discipline, who had also taken the first yellow jersey in 1986. He recorded a time of 7:49 minutes, four seconds faster than LeMond and Raúl Alcalá (PDM 1990 yes) in second and third respectively. Fignon finished in 15th place, 19 seconds slower than Marie, with Delgado in 26th place losing a further five seconds.Nicholson 1991 94McGann McGann 2008 191 The first and the second stage were run on the same day, the second stage in the team time trial format. After just 6 km mi on of the first stage, Claudio Chiappucci (CAR 1990 yes) broke away from the field. He had won the mountain classifications at both Paris–Nice and the Giro d'Italia that year and aimed at getting the jersey early on in the Tour as well.Nicholson 1991 112 He was joined in his breakaway by Steve Bauer (MOT 1990 yes), Ronan Pensec (C.A 1990 yes), and Frans Maassen (RAB 1990 yes).Abt 1991 68 With the team time trial looming in the afternoon, the field allowed the break to draw out an advantage. Additionally, a blockade by sheep farmers delayed the peloton, the main field, and caused several crashes, including one involving Delgado.The farmers were protesting against reduced government subsidies and increased imports, especially from Eastern Europe.Abt 1991 70 Chiappucci took the points at the mountain sprints, ensuring that he would wear the polka-dot jersey for the next stage. 10 km mi on from the finish, the lead was still at 13 minutes. As Maassen took the stage victory ahead of Pensec, the four-man group still retained an advantage of 10:35 minutes over the rest of the field. Bauer took the lead in the general classification, having posted the fastest time in the prologue.Abt 1991 68–70 Later in the day the team time trial was won by the PSC 1990 yes team. Seven seconds slower, PDM 1990 yes finished in second place. Fignon's Castorama squad finished fifth, 33 seconds slower than Panasonic, but 20 seconds faster than LeMond's Z team, who were seventh. In between them were 7-Eleven with yellow-jersey wearer Bauer, who retained his overall lead.Abt 1991 74–75Nicholson 1991 117–118 North-west Stage 3 began with an early attack by Stephen Roche, who was followed by LeMond. This prompted the teams of Bauer and Delgado to give chase, and the field was back together after 10 km mi on. At 23 km mi on, Fignon punctured a tyre, but he was able to rejoin shortly after.Nicholson 1991 119–120 After 92 km mi on the race was interrupted by another protest from sheep farmers, who had four fallen trees ready to block the road. The organisers received news of the blockade early and used a local youth on a motorcycle to lead the field through backstreets around the protest.Smith 2009 104Canada's Bauer Keeps the Lead as Tour Forced to Take Detour https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-07-03-sp-622-story.html 30 March 2020 Los Angeles Times 3 July 1990 The stage distance therefore increased by 5 km mi on, with a total of 25 km mi on of the race neutralised.Abt 1991 80Nicholson 1991 119–120 With 35 km mi on of the stage remaining, Roque de la Cruz (Seur 1990 yes) became the first rider to abandon the Tour, following a crash which also brought down Fignon, who again had to chase in order to regain contact with the main group. At this point, Moreno Argentin (ARI 1990 yes) had already attacked and was building an advantage on the rest of the field. He also crashed, but was able to remount and continued to win the stage by 2:29 minutes. In the peloton, Christophe Lavainne (CAS 1990 yes) won the sprint and raised in arms in celebration, unaware that Argentin had already finished.Nicholson 1991 119–120Abt 1991 81 Through obtaining bonuses at intermediate sprints, Olaf Ludwig (PSC 1990 yes) took the lead in the points classification.Nicholson 1991 123 Stage 4 saw Gilles Delion (HEL 1990 yes) attack while Gérard Rué (CAS 1990 yes) was greeting his family in his home town.Abt 1991 86Tour etiquette dictates that local riders who race through their home regions are allowed to drive ahead of the field to greet their friends and family, before falling back into the peloton. This tradition is called bon de sortie in French.Abt 1991 85 Delion was caught by Edwig Van Hooydonck (RAB 1990 yes), but both were quickly brought back by the Panasonic team, who were working for Ludwig to win the stage. Next, Søren Lilholt (Sigma 1990 yes) attacked and was later joined by Kurt Steinmann (Weinmann 1990 yes) and William Pulido (Postobón 1990 yes). The escapees enjoyed a maximum advantage of 45 seconds, but were caught with 14 km mi on to go. 3 km mi on later, the peloton passed through the narrow streets of Villechèrel, causing a crash and the field to split.Nicholson 1991 122–123 Bugno, Delgado, and Fignon were caught out behind the incident.Abt 1991 87 While Delgado and Bugno lost 21 seconds in the end, Fignon lost 44 seconds to his rivals in the general classification.Fignon 2010 225Abt 1991 89 At the finish, which for the first time was at Mont Saint-Michel,Abt 1991 88 Ludwig opened his sprint too early, allowing Johan Museeuw (LTS 1990 yes), who won the stage, and Guido Bontempi (CAR 1990 yes) to pass him.Nicholson 1991 123 Robert Millar was caught up in a crash, losing nine minutes, effectively ruling him out from competing in the general classification.McGann McGann 2008 193 Stage 5, by far the longest at 301 km mi on, was run in wet weather. As the peloton sped up to catch an early breakaway, Fignon drifted backwards and ultimately abandoned the Tour at the first feeding station. After the breakaway was caught, Gerrit Solleveld (RAB 1990 yes) attacked and stayed away, winning the stage 4:27 minutes ahead of Museeuw, who won the sprint of the field.Nicholson 1991 125–126 Argentin, still bruised from his fall on stage 3 and another on stage 5, abandoned after the rest day.Nicholson 1991 143 North-east and Jura During stage 6, Chiappucci sustained two punctured tyres, both times at the start of the two ascents of the day. This meant that he was unable to defend his lead in the mountain classification, and the polka-dot jersey went to Dimitri Konyshev (Alfa Lum 1990 yes), who became the first Soviet rider to wear a leader's jersey at the Tour de France. Bugno attacked shortly behind the feed zone, leading to a number of reactions from the field, but after 173 km mi on, the peloton was back together. A small group, containing Museeuw and Viatcheslav Ekimov (PSC 1990 yes), among others, leapt away 3 km mi on from the finish. Jelle Nijdam (RAB 1990 yes) accelerated from this group with 300 m yd on to go and won the stage, ahead of Jesper Skibby (TVM 1990 yes) and Museeuw.Nicholson 1991 145–147 thumb|upright|Raúl Alcalá (pictured at the 1993 Tour de France) won the time trial on stage 7. Stage 7's individual time trial was run in changing conditions. While the early starters competed in the dry, the later riders rode on wet roads. Miguel Induráin set an early fast time and held the lead for most of the day. Greg LeMond started fast, but faded later on to eventually finish fifth. Alcalá, also a late starter, was the fastest rider, 1:24 ahead of Induráin's time. Bugno was third, ahead of Delgado.Abt 1991 104 Of the riders from the stage-1 breakaway, Pensec was fastest, in seventh place. He remained second overall however, 17 seconds behind Bauer, who finished the time trial in 14th place, one place ahead of Chiappucci. Stephen Roche lost 3 minutes in the last 3 km mi on alone, suffering from hyperglycemia. Likewise, Charly Mottet lost significant time, finishing 3½ minutes behind Alcalá.Nicholson 1991 147–149 Alcalá moved into fifth place overall, still more than seven minutes behind Bauer.McGann McGann 2008 193 Early during stage 8, a four-man breakaway went ahead, but was quickly caught. The speed of the peloton saw Álvaro Pino (Seur 1990 yes), winner of the 1986 Vuelta a España, abandon the race. Michel Vermote (RMO 1990 yes) then attacked after 33 km mi on on a section of cobbled road. His maximum lead was over 11 minutes, but after about 120 km mi on on his own, he was brought back by the main field.Nicholson 1991 150–151 In the final 10 km mi on, a group of 13 riders escaped, including Ludwig and Museeuw. Ludwig judged his sprint well this time and beat Museeuw for the win.Abt 1991 109–110 It was the first stage victory by a rider from East Germany and from the Eastern Bloc in the Tour de France.Nicholson 1991 152 Stage 9 headed into Switzerland and was the last day that featured rain, before temperatures began to rise significantly. An escape group went clear after 74 km mi on, which included Frans Maassen, who was still in fourth place overall. This prompted Bauer's MOT 1990 yes team to chase, bringing the group back after 44 km mi on. At the Côte des Rousses, the first second-category climb of the Tour, Massimo Ghirotto (CAR 1990 yes) and Eduardo Chozas (ONC 1990 yes) were out in front alone. On the same climb, Jean-François Bernard (LVC 1990 yes), third in the 1987 Tour, fell behind and out of contention. The two escapees held on to their advantage into the finish town of Geneva, where Ghirotto edged out Chozas in the sprint.Nicholson 1991 152–154 Alps thumb|left|Ronan Pensec took over the race lead after stage 10. Stage 10 was the first real test in the mountains, with a summit finish at the Saint Gervais-les-Baines ski resort on Mont Blanc. On the first climb of the day, the Col de la Colombière, Omar Hernández (Postobón 1990 yes) attacked, followed by Thierry Claveyrolat (RMO 1991 yes). As Hernández slowed, Claveyrolat overtook him and continued on alone, riding the rest of the stage on his own to take victory. He also took the lead in the mountains classification, which he would retain for the rest of the Tour.Nicholson 1991 167–168Vespini 2008 100 Behind him, Delgado attacked on the final climb with 6 km mi on remaining, putting Bauer into difficulty. Pensec, who celebrated his 27th birthday, stayed with the other favourites and took over the yellow jersey. He led Chiappucci by 50 seconds, while Bauer fell back to third, 1:21 minutes adrift.Abt 1991 118–119Tour de France: Pensec Overtakes Bauer on Uphill Grind in Alps https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-07-11-sp-187-story.html 30 March 2020 Los Angeles Times 11 July 1990 Among the pre-race favourites, LeMond lost 19 seconds to Delgado, but finished with Bugno, Induráin, Alcalá, and Breukink.Nicholson 1991 170 Bugno received a 20-second penalty for accepting food late in the stage, when it was no longer allowed.Vespini 2008 101 On stage 11, the course ended with the final ascent to Alpe d'Huez, considered one of the most iconic climbs in cycling. Two mountains had to be crossed beforehand: the Col de la Madeleine and the Col du Glandon. Claveyrolat attacked again, early on during the ascent of the Madeleine, and gathered the mountain points at the summit. Mottet started to drop behind the group of favourites on the Madeleine, while Bernard retired. On the descent, Induráin got away but was overtaken by Claveyrolat on the climb of the Glandon. In between the climbs, at the feed zone, LeMond was involved in a crash, but able to carry on.Abt 1991 128–129 On the Glandon, Delgado accelerated and only LeMond and Bugno were able to follow. Together they caught Induráin, who set the pace in the group through the ensuing valley and ensured that they reached Claveyrolat by the foot of the final climb. Shortly after the group began the ascent, Delgado attacked, with LeMond and Bugno following. As the pace slowed, Claveyrolat, Parra, and Breukink managed to catch back up. 3 km mi on from the finish, Delgado lost contact with Bugno, who accelerated and took LeMond, Breukink, Claveyrolat, and Parra with him. It were Bugno and LeMond who were fastest along the finishing straight, with Bugno coming out on top to win the stage. Breukink finished third, one second behind LeMond in second place. Meanwhile, Millar paced Pensec up the climb, who finished 48 seconds behind Bugno and retained the race lead.Vespini 2008 100–102 Delgado lost forty seconds, while Induráin, exhausted by his work on the flat, lost 12 minutes on Alpe d'Huez, falling from contention.Fotheringham 2017 101–102 Chiappucci finished 1:48 minutes behind Bugno. This left Pensec first overall, 1:28 minutes ahead of Chiappucci, with LeMond up to third, but still 9:04 minutes behind his teammate.McGann McGann 2008 193 Alcalá had lost 5:41 minutes on Bugno, and therefore dropped to eighth place overall.Abt 1991 131 Pensec lost the yellow jersey the following day, at stage 12's mountain time trial to Villard-de-Lans. He finished almost three minutes slower than Chiappucci, who took the overall lead, now 1:17 minutes ahead of Pensec. The winner of the stage was Breukink, with Delgado in second place, thirty seconds slower.Abt 1991 139–140 Delgado performed well despite problems with his rear wheel which forced him to change bikes within the last kilometre.Nicholson 1991 179 Induráin produced another good performance, finishing third at 43 seconds. LeMond suffered during the second half of the climb and finished fifth, dropping to fourth in the general classification behind Breukink.Abt 1991 139–140 Breukink was 6:55 minutes behind new leader Chiappucci, with LeMond a further 32 seconds adrift. In fifth place followed Delgado, now 9:02 minutes in arrears.https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-07-13-sp-242-story.html Cycling Tour de France: Pensec Falters and LeMond Benefits 13 July 1990 Los Angeles Times 26 March 2020 Massif Central transition Stage 13 to Saint-Étienne took place on Bastille Day, the French national holiday. Phil Anderson (TVM 1990 yes) led down the descent from Villard-de-Lans, followed by Mottet, which prompted a reaction by the main field and both riders were brought back after 33 km mi on. Several attempts to form lasting breakaways followed, but it took until the climb of the Côte d'Ardoix at 33 km mi on for a 30-rider group to get away, including Pensec and Claveyrolat. Chiappucci, without the help of strong teammates, had to lead the chase himself, bringing back the breakaway 45 km mi on from the finish. Just as the contact was made, a group of ten riders attacked, among them LeMond, Breukink, Induráin, and Andrew Hampsten (MOT 1990 yes). At the foot of the last climb of the day, the Col de la Croix de Chaubouret, Delgado led a counter-attack with Bugno and Marino Lejarreta (ONC 1990 yes). Although Induráin dropped back to aid Delgado's chase, the LeMond group maintained an advantage of thirty seconds until the finish. Here, Chozas won the sprint from Breukink and Hampsten. A group containing Alcalá, Roche, and Parra lost 3:09 minutes. Chiappucci came in with the peloton, losing 4:53 minutes. Pensec dropped from second to fourth in the general classification, arriving 7:47 minutes after Chozas. Chiappucci now led the race by 2:02 minutes over Breukink, with LeMond third at 2:34.Nicholson 1991 190–192Abt 1991 154–156 thumb|Marino Lejarreta (pictured in 1987) won stage 14, making it two victories in a row for the ONC 1990 team. During the early part of stage 14, Jean-Claude Colotti (RMO 1990 yes) was highly active. He joined an attack by teammate Claveyrolet at 8 km mi on, before setting off on his own after a further unsuccessful attempt to form a breakaway. After 91 km mi on, 17 more riders caught up to him. Jean-Claude Bagot (RMO 1990 yes) then attacked from the lead group with 20 km mi on left to ride, but he was caught by the peloton on the final ascent to Causse Noir near Millau. Lejarreta accelerated from the group of favourites with 3 km mi on to go, and was followed by Induráin and Bugno. At the finish, Lejarreta took victory, but did not raise his arms in celebration, thinking someone had finished ahead of him. 24 seconds later followed Induráin and Bugno. LeMond and Breukink finished together, another ten seconds behind. Chiappucci could only finish 13th, losing 13 seconds to LeMond and Breukink, whom he now led by 1:49 minutes in the general classification. Lejarreta moved up to seventh place overall.Nicholson 1991 194–196Abt 1991 160–161 Stage 15 was a transition stage, the last before the Pyrenees, and featured only smaller climbs. Adri van der Poel (Weinmann 1990 yes) launched an attack that resulted in an eleven-rider strong breakaway. This group was almost caught after 50 km mi on of racing, but while three riders dropped back into the peloton, eight remained in front and were later joined by several others, who bridged across, including Roche, Mottet, Claveyrolet, and Chozas. The now 19-rider strong group increased their advantage to up to eight minutes, which would have moved Chozas up to fourth place overall. Therefore, the main field began to cut into their advantage, led by C.A 1990 yes, BAN 1990 yes, and PDM 1990 yes. Eventually, Mottet attacked from the lead group and held on to the finish, winning the stage by 2:02 minutes ahead of Giuseppe Calcaterra (Chateau d'Ax 1990 yes). When the peloton reached the finish, a split occurred in the field, which gained Chiappucci three seconds on his rivals in the general classification.Nicholson 1991 196–197 Pyrenees thumb|upright|left|Claudio Chiappucci (pictured at the 1993 Tour de France) became an unexpected contender for the overall victory. In very hot weather, stage 16 saw the last mountain-top finish of the Tour. In the second half of the stage, the summits of the Col d'Aspin, the Col du Tourmalet, and the final ascent to Luz Ardiden had to be climbed. On the early slopes of the Aspin, Chiappucci followed an attack by Jörg Müller (TVM 1990 yes) and found himself in a lead group, building an advantage on his rivals. At the summit, he led the group across 45 seconds ahead of the main field. As C.A 1990 yes began to chase for LeMond on the approach to the Tourmalet, the gap began to decrease. In the front group, Miguel Ángel Martínez Torres (ONC 1990 yes) attacked and got away on his own. Behind, in the group of favourites, Breukink experienced a jour sans, a day without energy, and began to fall behind. At the top of the Tourmalet, Chiappucci's lead over LeMond and Delgado was still 1:07 minutes, but in the valley before the final climb, he was caught with 20 km mi on to go.Abt 1991 170–172Nicholson 1991 198–203 On the ascent to Luz Ardiden, Chiappucci defiantly set the pace at the front of the group. However, with 6 km mi on left to race, an attack by Parra was too much and while LeMond, Induráin, and Lejarreta followed, Chiappucci fell behind. LeMond moved to the front and set a high pace as Parra was quickly dropped. They then caught the lone leader Martínez Torres with 2.5 km mi on to go. Lejarreta was dropped shortly thereafter. For the duration of the climb LeMond worked at the front setting the pace to increase his time gains essentially winning the Tour on this attack. Induráin overtook him as they approached the summit and coming around the final turn he quickly turned his head around to verify LeMond was not going to challenge him for the stage win and began clapping his hands in celebration as he claimed the victory six seconds ahead of LeMond. Chiappucci eventually lost 2:19 minutes, which reduced his advantage over LeMond, who was now second overall, to just five seconds. Breukink lost 4:16 minutes, dropping to fourth behind Delgado, who finished 1:32 behind teammate Induráin.Abt 1991 170–172Nicholson 1991 198–203 I've never seen a descent that fast. [...] LeMond never braked once. He took each curve at top speed. He must have been hitting 80 kilometers an hour. – Jean-François Pescheux, a Tour official following the race on a motorcycle, describing Greg LeMond's descent from the Col de Marie-BlanqueAbt 1990 220 25% right The next day's route from Lourdes to Pau was considered easier than the day before, with the two major climbs, the hors categorie Col d'Aubisque and the first-category Col de Marie-Blanque both coming during the first half of the stage. Early on, a 19-man breakaway formed, including riders such as Bauer, Konyshev, Acácio da Silva (CAR 1990 yes), Johan Bruyneel (LTS 1990 yes), as well as LeMond's teammates Gilbert Duclos-Lassalle and Atle Kvålsvoll. On the Aubisque, Óscar Vargas (Postobón 1990 yes) attacked and reached the summit ahead of the lead group. On the Marie-Blanque, the situation had changed and Delgado's BAN 1990 yes teammate Dominique Arnaud led solo over the top, 10:20 minutes ahead of the peloton. LeMond, already suffering with a saddle sore and swollen feet, got into even more trouble: isolated from his teammates, he punctured a tyre about 800 m yd on from the summit. With the group of favourites, including yellow jersey Chiappucci, leaving him behind, LeMond had to wait 1:20 minutes for his team car to arrive. The new wheel given to him was rubbing on the frame, which meant that LeMond had to dismount again and change bikes. By now, he crossed the top of the Marie-Blanque 1:27 minutes behind Chiappucci. Teammates Éric Boyer and Jérôme Simon joined him, but had problems keeping up with LeMond during the descent, which he took flat out and without braking in order to catch back up. Duclos-Lassalle and Kvålsvoll were ordered by the team to stop and drop back from the lead group to aid LeMond in reaching Chiappucci after 20 km mi on of chasing.Nicholson 1991 206de Visé 2019 235 Up ahead, Bruyneel attacked from the lead group and was followed by Konyshev, who got the better of the Belgian in the two-man sprint for the stage victory. It was the first time that a Soviet or Russian rider had won a stage of the Tour de France.https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-07-18-sp-843-story.html Tour de France: LeMond Has Flat as Konyshev Wins 17th Stage Los Angeles Times 18 July 1990 29 March 2020Nicholson 1991 203–205Abt 1990 219–220McGann McGann 2008 195–196 LeMond accused Chiappucci of violating the unwritten rules of the sport, where traditionally a leader is not attacked if they have a crash or mechanical difficulties. Indeed, the CAR 1990 yes team had even called back da Silva from the breakaway to assist Chiappucci in extending his advantage.Nicholson 1991 206de Visé 2019 235 Final stages thumb|alt=Cyclist wearing a yellow jersey|Greg LeMond on the final stage, wearing the yellow jersey as leader of the general classification Stage 18 led the Tour to Bordeaux, a finishing town traditionally favouring the sprinters. The field started the day slowly and a real attack did not materialise until Anderson broke away after 139 km mi on. He was soon joined by six other riders, but the break was caught 34 km mi on later. With 20 km mi on to go, a more serious move formed, with 19 riders, which included LeMond, Chiappucci, Breukink, Bugno, and Alcalá. At 10 km mi on remaining, Breukink, Bugno, and the latter's teammate, Roberto Gusmeroli, attacked from the leading group. The other 16 riders fell behind and were soon caught by the main field. At the finish, Gusmeroli led out Bugno, who easily beat Breukink to become the first rider to win two stages at that year's Tour. Breukink meanwhile gained 18 seconds on Delgado and therefore moved into third place overall.Nicholson 1991 212–214Abt 1991 181 The next day, the peloton equally made a slow start to the stage, with the first real attack coming more than halfway into the race, after 110 km mi on. Fifteen riders broke away from the field, including van der Poel, Pensec, Tony Rominger (Chateau d'Ax 1990 yes), and Bontempi. After 153 km mi on, the group had swollen to 24 riders. Bontempi, formerly a very good sprinter, but now considered past his prime, attacked from the breakaway and went solo to the finish, where he won the stage, 1:28 minutes ahead of Dag Otto Lauritzen (MOT 1990 yes). During the stage, the Tour circumvented another blockade by sheep farmers, which only managed to hold up the press caravan, but did not influence the race.Nicholson 1991 214–216 The individual time trial on the penultimate day, stage 20, became decisive for the race's outcome. LeMond easily made up the five seconds needed to overcome Chiappucci at the top of the standings. He finished fifth on the day, 2:21 minutes ahead of Chiappucci, who was 17th.Abt Samuel Cycling; LeMond Takes the Tour Lead https://www.nytimes.com/1990/07/22/sports/cycling-lemond-takes-the-tour-lead.html 30 March 2020 The New York Times 22 July 1990 none Erik Breukink claimed the stage victory, 28 seconds ahead of his teammate Alcalá, with Lejarreta in third, ahead of Induráin. Delgado was eighth fastest, 2:21 behind Breukink, which put him in fourth place overall and left him just short of making the final podium for the fourth year in a row. Through their strong performances, Alcalá and Induráin returned to the top-ten riders in the general classification.Abt 1991 185–186Nicholson 1991 217–219 1990 was the most satisfying of my Tour wins. 1989 was exciting, 1986 was hard emotionally, but 1990 was the one I enjoyed the most. – Greg LeMond, speaking about the 1990 Tour de France 30% right The final stage to Paris was by tradition a ceremonial one, apart for the final section on the Champs-Élysées, when the stage victory is decided. Stephen Hodge tried to break away in Paris, in an attempt to make up the 16 seconds his ONC 1990 yes team trailed C.A 1990 yes in the team classification, but he was not successful. The stage came down to a sprint, won by Museeuw, ahead of Adriano Baffi (ARI 1990 yes) and Olaf Ludwig. It was the only time during that year's Tour that a stage finished in a mass sprint.Abt 1991 188 LeMond crossed the finish line safely in the middle of the field, his arms aloft in celebration at his third overall Tour victory.Nicholson 1991 222Abt 1990 222 156 riders out of 198 starters reached the finish in Paris.Bacon 2014 190 In last place, the lanterne rouge, was Rodolfo Massi (ARI 1990 yes).Nicholson 1991 225 Four teams managed to reach Paris with all nine riders: LTS 1990 yes, Postobón 1990 yes, MOT 1990 yes, and Chateau d'Ax 1990 yes.van den Akker 2018 39 LeMond had won the Tour without taking a stage win. Since the end of World War II, only Roger Walkowiak (1956), Gastone Nencini (1960), and Lucien Aimar (1966) had done so.Nicholson 1991 223Fife 2000 239 He countered criticism that he had not shown enough fighting spirit by not taking an individual stage win, saying: "If I had worried about individual stage victories, it's possible I would have lost the Tour de France."Abt 1991 188 Particular praise was given after the Tour to Miguel Induráin, who some, such as his biographer Alasdair Fotheringham, speculated could have challenged for the overall victory had he not worked for Delgado, in particular on the stage to Alpe d'Huez, where he lost 12 minutes.McGann McGann 2008 197Fotheringham 2017 99 Classification leadership and minor prizes There were four main classifications in the 1990 Tour de France.Nauright Parrish 2012 452–455 The most important was the general classification, calculated by adding each cyclist's finishing times on each stage. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey; the winner of this classification is considered the winner of the Tour.Nauright Parrish 2012 452–453 Time bonuses were distributed to the first three finishers of each stage that was not a mountain stage or a time trial. The winner received a 20-second time bonus, with 12 seconds for second and eight seconds for third place respectively.van den Akker 2018 128–129 These bonuses were reduced to 12, 8, and 4 seconds on stage 1, since two stages were held on the same day.van den Akker 2018 79 In addition, time bonuses could be won at intermediate sprints during the first half of the race. The first three riders across the line were granted a bonus of 6, 4, and 2 seconds respectively.van den Akker 2018 183 thumb|150px|Olaf Ludwig (pictured at the 1988 Peace Race) won the points classification. The points classification was calculated in another way: the first cyclists to finish in a stage received points, based on their rank and the type of stage. Flat stages awarded the winner 35 points, down to one point for 25th place. On medium mountain stages, 25 points were given to the winner, down to one point for 20th place. On a mountainous stage, the first rider across the finish received 20 points, down to one point for 15th place. In time trials, 15 points were given to the winner, down to one point for tenth place.van den Akker 2018 154 All stages, except time trials, also had one or more intermediate sprints, where some points could be won. All road stages included two intermediate sprints, except for stage 5 with eight sprints.van den Akker 2018 184 The first three riders across the intermediate sprint line received 6, 4, and 2 points respectively.van den Akker 2018 182 The cyclist with the most points led the classification, and was identified with a green jersey.Nauright Parrish 2012 453–454 Olaf Ludwig won the classification with 256 points, 35 points ahead of Museeuw.Nicholson 1991 225 The intermediate sprints classification, held until the year before, was abandoned for 1990.Nauright Parrish 2012 454–455 Additionally, there was the mountains classification. The organisation ranked climbs by difficulty, with the hardest ascents rated hors catégorie and the easiest as fourth category. Points for this classification were won by the cyclists that reached the top of these climbs first. An hors catégorie climb gave the first rider across 40 points, down to one point for 15th place. First-category mountains awarded 30 points for the first rider, with second-, third-, and fourth-category giving out 20, 10, and 5 points respectively to the first across the summit.van den Akker 2018 164 The cyclist with the most points led the classification, and wore a white jersey with red polka dots.Nauright Parrish 2012 454 Thierry Claveyrolat won the classification with 321 points, while Chiappucci placed second on 179 points.Nicholson 1991 226 There was also the young rider classification. This was decided the same way as the general classification, but only riders born after 1 January 1966 were eligible.Nauright Parrish 2012 454–455 Until 1988, the leader of this classification had worn a white jersey, while in 1989, the leader was highlighted by wearing the logo of the European Union on his shoulder. Both were not used in the 1990 Tour.van den Akker 2018 177 Gilles Delion won the classification, finishing in 15th place on the general classification.Ryan Barry Gilles Delion and the road not taken https://www.cyclingnews.com/features/gilles-delion-and-the-road-not-taken/ cyclingnews.com 30 March 2020 21 February 2017 The 1989 Tour had included the combination classification, which was also no longer run.Nauright Parrish 2012 454–455 Both the intermediate sprint as well as the combination classification were scrapped to allow for more prize money to be paid out to the other classifications, a move instigated by new race director Jean-Marie Leblanc, who had taken over the position in late 1988. The 1990 Tour was the first run completely under his control.Abt 2013 15–17 For the team classification, the times of the best three cyclists per team on each stage were added; the leading team was the team with the lowest total time.van den Akker 2018 148–149 The riders in the team that led this classification wore yellow caps.Nauright Parrish 2012 455 C.A 1990 yes won the classification, just 16 seconds ahead of ONC 1990 yes.Nicholson 1991 226 In addition, there was a combativity award given after each mass-start stage to the cyclist considered the most combative. The decision was made by a jury composed of journalists who gave points. The cyclist with the most points from votes in all stages led the combativity classification.van den Akker 2018 211–216 Eduardo Chozas won this classification, and was given overall the super-combativity award.Augendre 2016 81 The Souvenir Henri Desgrange was given in honour of Tour founder Henri Desgrange to the first rider to pass the summit of the Col du Tourmalet on stage 16. This prize was won by Miguel Ángel Martínez Torres.Augendre 2016 188Una jornada para destrozar A day to destroy http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1990/07/17/MD19900717-042.pdf El Mundo Deportivo 17 July 1990 42 es The Tour de France paid out F10,073,450 as prize money in total, two million of which went to the winner of the general classification (about $363,000 or £200,000 at the time).Abt 1991 44 The prizes were mainly raised by the fees paid by departure and arrival cities along the course of the race. 550,000 francs had to be paid to host both the start and finish of a stage, with 300,000 francs asked for just one of the two.Fernández Juan José Lemond dio su primer aviso en la prólogo https://elpais.com/diario/1990/07/01/deportes/646783212_850215.html Lemond gave his first notice in the prologue 13 March 2020 El País 1 July 1990 es $75,000 each came from the entry fees paid by the teams to compete.Abt 1991 44 Eventually, C.A 1990 yes received the biggest share of prize money, £248,480, ahead of CAR 1990 yes's £115,830. Last in the list was Seur 1990 yes, who gathered only £2,207.Nicholson 1991 220 The overall budget of the Tour was around £10,000,000.Smith 2009 104 +Classification leadership by stageTour de France 1990 – Leaders overview https://www.procyclingstats.com/race/tour-de-france/1990/gc/stages/leaders-overview ProCyclingStats 16 February 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190216224325/https://www.procyclingstats.com/race/tour-de-france/1990/gc/stages/leaders-overview 16 February 2019 liveMartin 1990 122–123van den Akker Pieter Informatie over de Tour de France van 1990 Information about the Tour de France from 1990 http://www.tourdefrancestatistieken.nl/tour.php?jaar=1990 https://web.archive.org/web/20190302051148/http://www.tourdefrancestatistieken.nl/tour.php?jaar=1990 2 March 2019 nl TourDeFranceStatistieken.nl 2 March 2019 live Stage Winner General classification25px|link=General classification in the Tour de France|alt=A yellow jersey. Points classification25px|link=Points classification in the Tour de France|alt=A green jersey Mountains classification25px|link=Mountains classification in the Tour de France|alt=A white jersey with red polka dots. Young rider classificationA white jersey was not awarded to the leader of the young rider classification between 1989 and 1999.Nauright Parrish 2012 454–455 "white-jersey" Team classification Combativity Award Classification P Thierry Marie Thierry Marie Thierry Marie no award Viatcheslav Ekimov PDM 1990no award 1 Frans Maassen Steve Bauer Frans Maassen Claudio Chiappucci RAB 1990 Steve Bauer Steve Bauer 2 PSC 1990 C.A 1990 no award 3 Moreno Argentin Olaf Ludwig Moreno Argentin Moreno Argentin 4 Johan Museeuw Søren Lilholt Søren Lilholt 5 Gerrit Solleveld RAB 1990 Gerrit Solleveld Gerrit Solleveld 6 Jelle Nijdam Dimitri Konyshev Jesper Skibby Søren Lilholt 7 Raúl Alcalá no award 8 Olaf Ludwig Michel Vermote Michel Vermote 9 Massimo Ghirotto Eduardo Chozas 10 Thierry Claveyrolat Ronan Pensec Thierry Claveyrolat Gilles Delion C.A 1990 Thierry Claveyrolat 11 Gianni Bugno Thierry Claveyrolat Thierry Claveyrolat 12 Erik Breukink Claudio Chiappucci no award 13 Eduardo Chozas Greg LeMond 14 Marino Lejarreta Jean-Claude Bagot 15 Charly Mottet Charly Mottet Eduardo Chozas 16 Miguel Induráin Claudio Chiappucci 17 Dmitri Konychev Óscar Vargas 18 Gianni Bugno Phil Anderson 19 Guido Bontempi Guido Bontempi 20 Erik Breukink Greg LeMond no award 21 Johan Museeuw Thomas Wegmüller Final Greg LeMond Olaf Ludwig white Thierry Claveyrolat yes Gilles Delion C.A 1990 Eduardo Chozas Final standings + Legend 20px|link=General classification in the Tour de France|alt=A yellow jersey. Denotes the winner of the general classification 20px|link=Points classification in the Tour de France|alt=A green jersey. Denotes the winner of the points classification 20px|link=Mountains classification in the Tour de France|alt=A white jersey with red polka dots. Denotes the winner of the mountains classification General classification + Final general classification (1–10)The history of the Tour de France – Year 1990 – Stage 21 Brétigny-sur-Orge > Paris http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1990/2100/etape.html Tour de France Amaury Sport Organisation 2 April 2020 2 April 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200402222257/http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1990/2100/etape.html dead Rank Rider Team Time 1 Greg LeMond USA 20px|link=General classification in the Tour de France|alt=A yellow jersey. C.A 1990 90h 43' 20" 2 Claudio Chiappucci ITA CAR 1990 + 2' 16" 3 Erik Breukink NED PDM 1990 + 2' 29" 4 Pedro Delgado ESP GCE 1990 + 5' 01" 5 Marino Lejarreta ESP ONC 1990 + 5' 05" 6 Eduardo Chozas ESP ONC 1990 + 9' 14" 7 Gianni Bugno ITA Chateau d'Ax 1990 + 9' 39" 8 Raúl Alcalá MEX PDM 1990 + 11' 14" 9 Claude Criquielion BEL LOT 1990 + 12' 04" 10 Miguel Induráin ESP GCE 1990 + 12' 47" Final general classification (11–156) Rank Rider Team Time 11 Andrew Hampsten USA MOT 1990 + 12' 54" 12 Pello Ruiz ESP ONC 1990 + 13' 39" 13 Fabio Parra COL KEL 1990 + 14' 35" 14 Fabrice Philipot FRA CAS 1990 + 15' 49" 15 Gilles Delion FRA HEL 1991 + 16' 57" 16 William Palacio COL Postobón 1990 + 19' 43" 17 Johan Bruyneel BEL LOT 1990 + 20' 24" 18 Roberto Conti ITA ARI 1990 + 20' 43" 19 Éric Boyer FRA C.A 1990 + 22' 09" 20 Ronan Pensec FRA C.A 1990 + 22' 54" 21 Thierry Claveyrolat FRA 20px|link=Mountains classification in the Tour de France|alt=A white jersey with red polka dots. RMO 1990 + 23' 33" 22 Jérôme Simon FRA C.A 1990 + 27' 23" 23 Pascal Lino FRA RMO 1990 + 30' 38" 24 Anselmo Fuerte ESP ONC 1990 + 31' 18" 25 Dmitri Konychev URS Alfa Lum 1990 + 31' 21" 26 Atle Kvålsvoll NOR C.A 1990 + 32' 03" 27 Steve Bauer CAN MOT 1990 + 34' 05" 28 Abelardo Rondon COL GCE 1990 + 35' 37" 29 Miguel Ángel Martínez ESP ONC 1990 + 38' 39" 30 Sean Kelly IRE PDM 1990 + 38' 42" 31 Jörg Müller SUI TVM 1990 + 39' 50" 32 Nelson Rodríguez COL KEL 1990 + 39' 56" 33 Steven Rooks NED PSC 1990 + 42' 09" 34 Stephen Hodge AUS ONC 1990 + 44' 22" 35 Pascal Simon FRA CAS 1990 + 45' 47" 36 Patrick Robeet BEL Weinmann 1990 + 46' 59" 37 Reynel Montoya COL Postobón 1990 + 50' 16" 38 Óscar Vargas COL Postobón 1990 + 52' 11" 39 Bruno Cornillet FRA C.A 1990 + 53' 00" 40 Gerardo Moncada COL Postobón 1990 + 53' 36" 41 Jesús Rodríguez ESP GCE 1990 + 53' 44" 42 Beat Breu SUI Weinmann 1990 + 59' 13" 43 Rudy Dhaenens BEL PDM 1990 + 59' 51" 44 Stephen Roche IRE Sigma 1990 + 1h 00' 07" 45 Piotr Ugrumov URS Alfa Lum 1990 + 1h 01' 42" 46 Omar Pablo Hernandez COL Postobón 1990 + 1h 02' 46" 47 Philippe Louviot FRA LVC 1990 + 1h 03' 18" 48 Alvaro Mejia COL Postobón 1990 + 1h 05' 04" 49 Charly Mottet FRA RMO 1990 + 1h 06' 57" 50 Jean-Claude Colotti FRA RMO 1990 + 1h 08' 31" 51 Pascal Lance FRA LVC 1990 + 1h 09' 37" 52 Jean-Claude Bagot FRA RMO 1990 + 1h 10' 21" 53 Carlos Jaramillo COL Postobón 1990 + 1h 10' 47" 54 Guy Nulens BEL PSC 1990 + 1h 10' 53" 55 Viatcheslav Ekimov URS PSC 1990 + 1h 14' 32" 56 Dag Otto Lauritzen NOR MOT 1990 + 1h 15' 25" 57 Toni Rominger SUI Chateau d'Ax 1990 + 1h 15' 51" 58 Michel Dernies BEL Weinmann 1990 + 1h 17' 44" 59 Dominique Arnaud FRA GCE 1990 + 1h 18' 28" 60 Brian Holm DEN Sigma 1990 + 1h 20' 54" 61 Mauro Gianetti SUI HEL 1991 + 1h 21' 06" 62 Marc Sergeant BEL PSC 1990 + 1h 21' 26" 63 Vicente-Juan Ridaura ESP Seur + 1h 21' 38" 64 Frans Maassen NED RAB 1990 + 1h 22' 14" 65 Gilbert Duclos-Lassalle FRA C.A 1990 + 1h 22' 34" 66 Maarten Ducrot NED TVM 1990 + 1h 23' 38" 67 Gerrit de Vries NED RAB 1990 + 1h 23' 54" 68 Jos Haex BEL LOT 1990 + 1h 25' 04" 69 Alessandro Giannelli ITA CAR 1990 + 1h 25' 12" 70 William Pulido COL Postobón 1990 + 1h 29' 36" 71 Phil Anderson AUS TVM 1990 + 1h 30' 01" 72 Alberto Elli ITA ARI 1990 + 1h 30' 40" 73 Luc Leblanc FRA CAS 1990 + 1h 31' 13" 74 Alberto Volpi ITA Chateau d'Ax 1990 + 1h 31' 19" 75 Marcello Siboni ITA ARI 1990 + 1h 33' 12" 76 Roberto Gusmeroli ITA Chateau d'Ax 1990 + 1h 33' 16" 77 Denis Roux FRA LVC 1990 + 1h 33' 30" 78 Melcior Mauri ESP ONC 1990 + 1h 33' 40" 79 Juan Carlos Castillo COL Postobón 1990 + 1h 34' 19" 80 Davide Cassani ITA ARI 1990 + 1h 34' 21" 81 Johan Museeuw BEL LOT 1990 + 1h 35' 10" 82 Laurent Biondi FRA Sigma 1990 + 1h 35' 49" 83 Ron Kiefel USA MOT 1990 + 1h 39' 11" 84 Roland Le Clerc FRA LVC 1990 + 1h 39' 28" 85 Søren Lilholt DEN Sigma 1990 + 1h 40' 11" 86 Nestor Oswaldo Mora COL KEL 1990 + 1h 40' 50" 87 Uwe Raab DDR PDM 1990 + 1h 41' 05" 88 Mario Kummer DDR Chateau d'Ax 1990 + 1h 42' 38" 89 José Urea ESP Seur + 1h 42' 53" 90 Herminio Diaz ESP ONC 1990 + 1h 43' 18" 91 Frédéric Brun FRA RMO 1990 + 1h 43' 52" 92 José-Luis Rodriguez ESP Seur + 1h 44' 16" 93 Peter Roes BEL LOT 1990 + 1h 45' 22" 94 Kurt Steinmann SUI Weinmann 1990 + 1h 45' 44" 95 Massimo Ghirotto ITA CAR 1990 + 1h 46' 57" 96 Marino Alonso ESP GCE 1990 + 1h 47' 19" 97 Willem Van Eynde BEL LOT 1990 + 1h 47' 48" 98 Juan Martinéz ESP GCE 1990 + 1h 48' 34" 99 Giancarlo Perini ITA CAR 1990 + 1h 49' 17" 100 Eric Van Lancker BEL PSC 1990 + 1h 50' 11" 101 Edwig Van Hooydonck BEL RAB 1990 + 1h 53' 05" 102 Bruno Cenghialta ITA ARI 1990 + 1h 53' 46" 103 Laurent Pillon FRA Sigma 1990 + 1h 53' 58" 104 François Lemarchand FRA C.A 1990 + 1h 54' 12" 105 Jan Schur DDR Chateau d'Ax 1990 + 1h 54' 13" 106 Paul Haghedooren BEL Sigma 1990 + 1h 54' 29" 107 Thierry Laurent FRA RMO 1990 + 1h 55' 43" 108 Acácio da Silva POR CAR 1990 + 1h 56' 25" 109 Valerio Piva ITA ARI 1990 + 1h 57' 31" 110 Carlo Bomans BEL Weinmann 1990 + 1h 58' 24" 111 Adri van der Poel NED Weinmann 1990 + 1h 58' 31" 112 Thomas Wegmüller SUI Weinmann 1990 + 1h 59' 03" 113 Henri Manders NED HEL 1991 + 1h 59' 15" 114 Jan Goessens BEL Weinmann 1990 + 2h 01' 19" 115 Twan Poels NED RAB 1990 + 2h 02' 28" 116 Andy Bishop USA MOT 1990 + 2h 03' 10" 117 Gerrit Solleveld NED RAB 1990 + 2h 04' 50" 118 Giuseppe Calcaterra ITA Chateau d'Ax 1990 + 2h 04' 51" 119 Sean Yates GBR MOT 1990 + 2h 05' 43" 120 Wilfried Peeters BEL Sigma 1990 + 2h 05' 43" 121 Thierry Marie FRA CAS 1990 + 2h 06' 58" 122 Guido Bontempi ITA CAR 1990 + 2h 08' 05" 123 Patrick Tolhoek NED RAB 1990 + 2h 08' 10" 124 Pablo Moreno ESP Seur + 2h 08' 58" 125 Jos van Aert NED PDM 1990 + 2h 09' 31" 126 Alexandre Trubine URS Alfa Lum 1990 + 2h 11' 01" 127 Jelle Nijdam NED RAB 1990 + 2h 11' 12" 128 Martin Schalkers NED TVM 1990 + 2h 12' 32" 129 Patrick Verschueren BEL LOT 1990 + 2h 13' 06" 130 Erich Mächler SUI CAR 1990 + 2h 13' 58" 131 Mauro-Antonio Santaromita ITA Chateau d'Ax 1990 + 2h 14' 45" 132 Bob Roll USA MOT 1990 + 2h 14' 50" 133 Vincent Barteau FRA CAS 1990 + 2h 17' 41" 134 Adriano Baffi ITA ARI 1990 + 2h 18' 39" 135 Jose-Ángel Sarrapio ESP KEL 1990 + 2h 20' 22" 136 Andreas Kappes FRG LVC 1990 + 2h 20' 55" 137 Peter De Clercq BEL LOT 1990 + 2h 21' 26" 138 Antonio Miguel Diaz ESP KEL 1990 + 2h 22' 37" 139 Jean-Claude Leclercq FRA HEL 1991 + 2h 23' 36" 140 Gert Jakobs NED PDM 1990 + 2h 24' 04" 141 Olaf Ludwig DDR 20px|link=Points classification in the Tour de France|alt=A green jersey. PSC 1990 + 2h 26' 33" 142 Norman Alvis USA MOT 1990 + 2h 26' 41" 143 Jan Siemons NED TVM 1990 + 2h 27' 30" 144 Michel Vermote BEL RMO 1990 + 2h 32' 12" 145 Djamolidine Abduzhaparov UZB Alfa Lum 1990 + 2h 32' 48" 146 Jean-Paul van Poppel NED PSC 1990 + 2h 34' 55" 147 Giovanni Fidanza ITA Chateau d'Ax 1990 + 2h 35' 11" 148 Vassili Zhdanov UKR Alfa Lum 1990 + 2h 42' 53" 149 Christian Chaubet FRA LVC 1990 + 2h 43' 40" 150 Hendrik Redant BEL LOT 1990 + 2h 47' 53" 151 Nikolai Golovatenko URS Alfa Lum 1990 + 2h 49' 08" 152 Jesús Rosado ESP KEL 1990 + 2h 56' 11" 153 Davis Phinney USA MOT 1990 + 2h 59' 29" 154 Maximilian Sciandri GBR CAR 1990 + 3h 00' 11" 155 Antonio Espejo ESP KEL 1990 + 3h 13' 27" 156 Rodolfo Massi ITA ARI 1990 + 3h 16' 26" Points classification +Final points classification (1–10)http://www.bikeraceinfo.com/tdf/tdf1990.html 1990 Tour de France 11 April 2012 Bike Race Info Bill McGann Rank Rider Team Points 1 Olaf Ludwig DDR 20px|link=Points classification in the Tour de France|alt=A green jersey. PSC 1990 256 2 Johan Museeuw BEL LOT 1990 221 3 Erik Breukink NED PDM 1990 118 4 Jean-Claude Colotti FRA RMO 1990 117 5 Sean Kelly IRE PDM 1990 116 6 Greg LeMond USA 20px|link=General classification in the Tour de France|alt=A yellow jersey. C.A 1990 108 7 Giovanni Fidanza ITA Chateau d'Ax 1990 108 8 Adriano Baffi ITA ARI 1990 107 9 Adri van der Poel NED Weinmann 1990 105 10 Davis Phinney USA MOT 1990 87 Mountains classification +Final mountains classification (1–10) Rank Rider Team Points 1 Thierry Claveyrolat FRA 20px|link=Mountains classification in the Tour de France|alt=A white jersey with red polka dots. RMO 1990 321 2 Claudio Chiappucci ITA CAR 1990 179 3 Roberto Conti ITA ARI 1990 160 4 Miguel Induráin ESP GCE 1990 153 5 Greg LeMond USA 20px|link=General classification in the Tour de France|alt=A yellow jersey. C.A 1990 135 6 Johan Bruyneel BEL LOT 1990 124 7 Dmitri Konychev URS Alfa Lum 1990 118 8 Reynel Montoya COL Postobón 1990 105 9 Marino Lejarreta ESP ONC 1990 94 10 Eduardo Chozas ESP ONC 1990 90 Young rider classification +Final young rider classification (1–10) Rank Rider Team Time 1 Gilles Delion FRA HEL 1991 91h 00' 17" 2 Pascal Lino FRA RMO 1990 + 13' 41" 3 Dmitri Konychev URS Alfa Lum 1990 + 14' 14" 4 Miguel Ángel Martínez ESP ONC 1990 + 21' 42" 5 Alvaro Mejia COL Postobón 1990 + 48' 07" 6 Viatcheslav Ekimov URS PSC 1990 + 57' 35" 7 Gerrit de Vries NED RAB 1990 + 1h 06' 57" 8 Luc Leblanc FRA CAS 1990 + 1h 14' 16" 9 Roberto Gusmeroli ITA Chateau d'Ax 1990 + 1h 16' 10" 10 Melcior Mauri ESP ONC 1990 + 1h 16' 43" Team classification +Final team classification (1–10) Rank Team Time1C.A 1990 272h 21' 21"2ONC 1990 + 16"3GCE 1990 + 23' 44"4PDM 1990 + 33' 05"5RMO 1990 + 56' 31"6Postobón 1990 + 1h 09' 36"7LOT 1990 + 1h 15' 09"8CAS 1990 + 1h 43' 47"9MOT 1990 + 1h 48' 31"10HEL 1991 + 2h 02' 30" Combativity classification +Final combativity classification (1–10) Rank Rider Team Points 1 Eduardo Chozas ESP ONC 1990 37 2 Thierry Claveyrolat FRA 20px|link=Mountains classification in the Tour de France|alt=A white jersey with red polka dots. RMO 1990 30 3 Dmitri Konychev URS Alfa Lum 1990 27 4 Claudio Chiappucci ITA CAR 1990 24 5 Jean-Claude Colotti FRA RMO 1990 23 6 Charly Mottet FRA RMO 1990 22 7 Michel Vermote BEL RMO 1990 21 8 Greg LeMond USA 20px|link=General classification in the Tour de France|alt=A yellow jersey. C.A 1990 19 9 Søren Lilholt DEN Sigma 1990 19 10 Phil Anderson AUS TVM 1990 17 Doping and penalties No rider tested positive for performance-enhancing drugs during doping tests at the 1990 Tour.van den Akker 2018 91 Eric Vanderaerden (RAB 1990 yes) was expelled from the race on stage 11 for repeatedly holding on to the doors of team cars during the ascent to Alpe d'Huez.Uitvallers Tour https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=KBNRC01:000029553:mpeg21:p009 9 April 2020 NRC Handelsblad 12 July 1990 9 nl Dropouts Tour Delphervan den Akker 2018 97 Notes References 30em Bibliography Samuel Abt Samuel Abt https://books.google.com/books?id=PMg_PQAACAAJ LeMond: The Incredible Comeback 1990 Stanley Paul London 978-0-09-174874-6 Samuel Abt https://books.google.com/books?id=t7AqAAAAYAAJ Tour de France: Three Weeks to Glory 1991 Bicycle Books Mill Valley, California 978-0-933201-39-2 Abt Samuel Bacon Ellis Birnie Lionel Lionel Birnie The Cycling Anthology 'Look How Big It's Become' 2013 2 8–17 https://books.google.com/books?id=m_7JAgAAQBAJ Peloton Publishing St Albans 978-0-9567814-5-1 Andrews Guy Greg Lemond: Yellow Jersey Racer https://books.google.com/books?id=cGQXDQAAQBAJ 2016 Bloomsbury Publishing London 978-1-4729-4355-2 Jacques Augendre Jacques Augendre http://netstorage.lequipe.fr/ASO/cyclisme/le-tour/2016/histoire/TDF16_GH_Interactif-PROD.pdf Guide historique Historical guide 2016 fr 27 October 2016 Tour de France Paris Amaury Sport Organisation https://web.archive.org/web/20160817121602/http://netstorage.lequipe.fr/ASO/cyclisme/le-tour/2016/histoire/TDF16_GH_Interactif-PROD.pdf 17 August 2016 live Bacon Ellis Mapping Le Tour. Updated History and Route Map of Every Tour de France Race https://books.google.com/books?id=628rngEACAAJ 2014 HarperCollins Glasgow, UK 978-0-00-754399-1 de Visé Daniel https://books.google.com/books?id=m-THvAEACAAJ The Comeback: Greg LeMond, the True King of American Cycling, and a Legendary Tour de France 2019 Grove Press New York City 978-0-8021-4718-9 Fife Graeme Graeme Fife Tour de France: The History, the Legend, the Riders 2000 Mainstream Publishing Edinburgh 978-1-84018-284-2 Fignon Laurent Laurent Fignon We Were Young and Carefree https://books.google.com/books?id=3VC89FApLzcC 2010 Yellow Jersey Press London 978-0-22408-319-5 Fotheringham Alasdair Alasdair Fotheringham https://books.google.com/books?id=WMMhvgAACAAJ Indurain: Relentless 2017 Penguin Books London 978-1-78503-205-9 Heijmans Jeroen Mallon Bill Historical Dictionary of Cycling 2011 The Scarecrow Press Lanham 978-0-8108-7175-5 Martin Pierre With contributions from: Penazzo, Sergio; Baratino, Dante; Schamps, Daniel; Vos, Cor Tour 90: The 1990 Tour of Italy and Tour de France Kennedy Brothers Publishing Keighley, UK 1990 24697961 McGann Bill McGann Carol The Story of the Tour de France: 1965–2007 2 https://books.google.com/books?id=V8mlwItBhhcC Dog Ear Publishing Indianapolis 2008 978-1-59858-608-4 Nauright John Parrish Charles Sports Around the World: History, Culture, and Practice 2 https://books.google.com/books?id=IkLYDgTnMxEC 2012 ABC–CLIO Santa Barbara, California 978-1-59884-300-2 Nicholson Geoffrey https://archive.org/details/letourriseriseof0000nich registration Le Tour: The Rise and Rise of the Tour de France 1991 Hodder & Stoughton Dunton Green, UK 978-0-340-54268-2 Ryan Barry https://books.google.com/books?id=LFc0DwAAQBAJ The Ascent: Sean Kelly, Stephen Roche and the Rise of Irish Cycling's Golden Generation 2018 Gill Books Dublin 978-07171-8153-7 Smith Martin The Telegraph Book of the Tour de France 2009 Aurum Press London 978-1-84513-545-4 van den Akker Pieter Tour de France Rules and Statistics: 1903–2018 https://books.google.com/books?id=09sxwQEACAAJ 2018 Self-published 978-1-79398-080-9 Vespini Jean-Paul https://books.google.com/books?id=UJ1mPgAACAAJ The Tour is Won on the Alpe: Alpe d'Huez and the Classic Battles of the Tour de France 2008 Velo Press Boulder, Colorado 978-1-934030-23-3 Wheatcroft Geoffrey Geoffrey Wheatcroft Le Tour: A History of the Tour de France https://books.google.com/books?id=CjAub7mpChgC 2013 Simon & Schuster London 978-1-4711-2894-3 Further reading Liggett Phil Phil Liggett Wilcockson John John Wilcockson Guinness Rupert The Cycling Year: A Record of the 1990 Cycle Racing Season 1990 Springfield Books London 978-0-947655-21-1 External links 1990 Tour de France P 10 11 21 1990 Category:1990 in road cycling Category:June 1990 sports events in France Category:July 1990 sports events in France