1942

August 2019 1942 1942 border:none;b 3/3/3/3 Bundesarchiv Bild 183-R74190, Russland, Kesselschlacht Stalingrad.jpg Damaged USS Yorktown (CV-5) and Astoria (CA-34) at Midway 1942.jpg Woodland, California. Evacuees of Japanese ancestry are boarding a special train for Merced Assembl . . . - NARA - 537818 (cropped2).jpg Surrender Singapore.jpg B-25 bomber by James Doolittle took off from the USS Hornet for Doolittle Raid in 1942.jpg Stanowisko działa Pak 38 kal 50 mm na wysuniętych pozycjach EL Alamein (2-2047).jpg " The Calutron Girls" Y-12 Oak Ridge 1944 Large Format (32093954911) (2).jpg Battle of Los Angeles, 1942.jpg Large explosion aboard USS Lexington (CV-2), 8 May 1942 (80-G-16651).jpg 350 From top to bottom, left to right: The Battle of Stalingrad begins, a major turning point on the Eastern Front; The Battle of Midway sees the United States defeat the Empire of Japan in the Pacific; The Internment of Japanese Americans under Executive Order 9066 forces over 100,000 people into camps; The Fall of Singapore results in the capture of around 80,000 Allied troops; The Doolittle Raid becomes the first U.S. air attack on Japan, boosting morale; The Second Battle of El Alamein forces Axis retreat from Egypt; The Manhattan Project formally launches to develop atomic weapons; The Battle of Los Angeles causes anti-aircraft barrages over California after a false alarm; The Battle of the Coral Sea halts Japan’s advance toward Australia. 1942 1942 2 The Uppsala Conflict Data Program project estimates this to be the deadliest year in human history in terms of conflict deaths, placing the death toll at 4.62 million. However, the Correlates of War estimates that the prior year, 1941, was the deadliest such year. Death toll estimates for both 1941 and 1942 range from 2.28 to 7.71 million each.Deaths in conflicts by source https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/deaths-in-conflicts-by-source 2023-07-22 Our World in Data June 7, 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20230607131919/https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/deaths-in-conflicts-by-source live Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. thumb|Map of Europe at the height of German control in 1942, Britain remains the only country in Western Europe held by Allied forces January January 1942 January 1 – WWII: The Declaration by United Nations is signed by China, the United Kingdom, the United States, the Soviet Union, and 22 other nations, in which they agree "not to make any separate peace with the Axis powers". January 5 – WWII: Two prisoners, British officer Airey Neave and Dutch officer Anthony Luteyn, escape from Colditz Castle in Germany. After travelling for three days, they reach the Swiss border. Levine Alan Captivity, flight, and survival in World War II Praeger Westport, CT 2000 9780275969554 119 January 7 – WWII: Battle of Slim River: Japanese forces of the 5th Division, supported by tanks, sweep through sixteen miles of British defenses, shattering the exhausted 11th Indian Division and inflicting some 3,000 casualties. Hack Karl Did Singapore have to fall?: Churchill and the impregnable fortress RoutledgeCurzon London New York 2004 9781134396382 224 Operation Typhoon, the German attempt to take Moscow, ends in failure.David M. Glantz Colossus Reborn: The Red Army at War: 1941-1943 https://books.google.com/books?id=YwBoAAAAMAAJ 2005 University Press of Kansas 978-0-7006-1353-3 215 January 11 – WWII: Dutch East Indies campaign: Japan declares war on the Netherlands and the Dutch East Indies. Japanese forces invade Borneo and Celebes. Malayan Campaign: The Japanese capture Kuala Lumpur, the capital of the Federated Malay States.Asian Profile https://books.google.com/books?id=m9UtAQAAIAAJ 1997 Asian Research Service 458 January 12 – WWII: New Zealand Squadron No. 488 loses two aircraft and five damaged against a force of 27 Japanese fighters, in their first combat mission in Singapore.Clayton, Graham (2008). Last Stand in Singapore: The Story of 488 Squadron RNZAF, p. 83. Auckland, New Zealand: Random House. 978-1-86979-033-2. January 13 Heinkel test pilot Helmut Schenk becomes the first person to escape from a stricken aircraft with an ejection seat. Henry Ford patents a plastic automobile that would be 30% lighter than a conventional car. January 14 WWII: "Second Happy Time", the German submarine commanders' name for Operation PP (Operation Drumbeat), the phase in the Battle of the Atlantic during which German submarines are successful in attacking Allied shipping along the East Coast of the United States, opens early this morning when German submarine U-123 under the command of Reinhard Hardegen sinks a Norwegian tanker within sight of Long Island, before entering New York Harbor and sinking a British tanker off Sandy Hook the following night, as she leaves heading south along the coast. U-boat successes continue until around June 12. The Sikorsky R-4 first flies in the United States; it will become the first mass-produced helicopter. January 16 – American film actress Carole Lombard and her mother are among all 22 killed aboard TWA Flight 3 when the Douglas DC-3 plane crashes into Potosi Mountain near Las Vegas while she is returning from a tour to promote the sale of war bonds.75 Years Later: Carole Lombard And The Crash Into Mt. Potosi (Aired January 2017) https://knpr.org/show/knprs-state-of-nevada/2017-01-23/75-years-later-carole-lombard-and-the-crash-into-mt-potosi-aired-january-2017 2025-08-08 Nevada Public Radio NPR and local news in Las Vegas and Nevada en January 17 – WWII: South African forces of the British 8th Army conquer the Halfaya Pass ("Hellfire Pass") in Egypt. The Halfaya garrison of 4,200 men of the Italian 55th Division "Savona" and 2,100 Germans surrender. January 19 – WWII: Japanese forces invade Burma. January 20 – The Holocaust: Nazis at the Wannsee Conference convened by Reinhard Heydrich in Berlin decide that the "Final Solution (Endlösung) to the Jewish problem" is deportations to extermination camps. January 21 – WWII: Erwin Rommel launches his new offensive in Cyrenaica. January 23 – WWII: The Battle of Rabaul begins. Before dawn, 5,000 troops of Japan's elite South Seas Detachment storm ashore at Rabaul on the island of New Britain. With control of the air and support from the guns of their own ships, the Japanese overwhelm the small Australian garrison: the majority are either killed or captured. This marks the start of the New Guinea campaign. January 25 – WWII: German forces under Erwin Rommel of Panzer Group Afrika reaches Msus. General Alfred Godwin-Austin orders the 4th Indian Division from the British 13th Corps to evacuate Benghazi. Thailand declares war on the United States and the United Kingdom.Historical Documents - Office of the Historian https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1942v01/d808 2025-09-23 history.state.gov January 26 – WWII: The first American forces arrive in Europe, landing in Northern Ireland. January 31 – WWII: Malayan Campaign: The last organized Allied forces leave British Malaya, ending the 54-day campaign, and the Johor–Singapore Causeway is severed. February February 1942 February 1 WWII: Marshalls–Gilberts raids: Admiral William Halsey Jr sends airstrikes from the carrier USS Enterprise against Kwajalein, Taroa, Wotje in the Marshall Islands. At the same time, cruisers and destroyers bombard Taroa and Wotje. The strikes inflict light to moderate damage on the three islands' naval garrisons, sink three warships and damage several others, including the light cruiser Katori and damage 15 Japanese aircraft. Further south, the carrier USS Yorktown attacks Jaluit, Mili and Makin in the Gilbert Islands. They inflict moderate damage to the Japanese naval installations and destroy three aircraft. WWII: The Kriegsmarine introduces the M4 (German Navy 4-rotor) Enigma machine for U-boat traffic, blinding Allied cryptanalysts to their radio signals for most of the year. WWII: The Command staff of the United States Eighth Air Force reaches England. Mao Zedong makes a speech on "Reform in Learning, the Party and Literature", starting the Yan'an Rectification Movement in the Chinese Communist Party. February 3 – WWII: Rommel suspends his offensive in Cyrenaica. February 7 – United States Maritime Commission fleet operations are transferred to the War Shipping Administration (lasting until September 1, 1946). February 8 WWII: Battle of Singapore: Japanese forces of the 5th Division and 18th Division (some 23,000 men) begin to cross the Johor Strait and attack the Australian 22nd Brigade (some 3,000 men) at Singapore. WWII: Daylight saving time goes into effect in the United States. February 9 – The ocean liner Normandie catches fire while being converted into the troopship USS Lafayette (AP-53) for WWII at Pier 88 in New York City; she capsizes early the following morning. February 11–13 – WWII: Operation Cerberus: A Kriegsmarine (German navy) squadron comprising the Scharnhorst and Gneisenau, heavy cruiser Prinz Eugen and their escort, dash from Brest through the English Channel to German ports; the British fail to sink any of them. February 14–18 – WWII: Battle of Bilin River: Indian forces of the 17th Division under General John Snyth are ordered to halt the Japanese advance but are outflanked and retreat to the Sittang River. February 15 – WWII: Fall of Singapore: Commonwealth forces under General Arthur Percival surrender to the Japanese 25th Army. About 80,000 British, Indian, Australian, and local troops become prisoners of war, joining the 50,000 soldiers taken in the Malayan campaign. February 16 – WWII: Bangka Island Massacre: Japanese soldiers machine-gun 22 Australian Army nurses and 60 Australian and British soldiers and crew who have survived the sinking of SS Vyner Brooke. February 18 – WWII: Japanese occupation of Singapore: Sook Ching – Japanese forces begin the systematic extermination of perceived hostile elements among Chinese Singaporeans. More than 200 American sailors die in Newfoundland when Truxtun DD-229 6 runs aground near Chambers Cove and Pollux AKS-2 6 runs aground at Lawn Point. February 19 – WWII: Bombing of Darwin: The Japanese 1st Air Fleet under Admiral Chūichi Nagumo bombs Darwin, Australia. This force comprises the aircraft carriers Akagi, Kaga, Hiryū and Sōryū and a powerful force of escorting surface ships. During the attack, 188 planes led by Mitsuo Fuchida destroy 11 vessels and wreck a lot of the harbor infrastructure, killing some 240 people. A returning Japanese fighter plane crashes on Melville Island (Australia) and its pilot, Hajime Toyoshima, becomes the first Japanese captured on Australian soil, when indigenous resident Matthias Ulungura takes him prisoner . President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs Executive Order 9066, allowing the United States military to define areas as exclusionary zones. These zones affect the Japanese on the West Coast, and Germans and Italians primarily on the East Coast. February 19–23 – WWII: Battle of Sittang Bridge: Indian forces of the 17th Division are ordered to defend the Sittang Bridge, but eventually blow up the bridge to halt the Japanese advance to Rangoon. Survivors of the 17th Division (some 3,500 soldiers) swim and ferry themselves over the Sittang River. February 22 – WWII: General George Marshall transmits a direct order to General MacArthur in President Roosevelt's name, ordering MacArthur himself to turn over command of the Philippines to a subordinate, and report to Australia to assume command of the large American force being built up there. The orders are worded to allow MacArthur to choose the exact moment of his departure; for various reasons, he will not leave until March 11. February 23 – WWII: Japanese submarine I-17 2 yes fires 17 high-explosive shells toward an oil refinery near Santa Barbara, California, causing little damage. February 24 Struma disaster: Struma, carrying Jewish refugees from Axis-allied Romania to British-administered Palestine, is torpedoed and sunk by Soviet submarine Shch-213 in the Black Sea, killing about 791 men, women and children, with only 1 survivor. Propaganda: The Voice of America begins broadcasting. Internment of Japanese Canadians is ordered.Sugiman Pamela 2004 Memories of internment: narrating Japanese Canadian women's life stories The Canadian Journal of Sociology 29 3 359–388 3654672 10.1353/cjs.2004.0049 144013114 free February 25 – "Battle of Los Angeles": Over 1,400 AA shells are fired at an unidentified, slow-moving object (probably a meteorological balloon) in the skies over Los Angeles. The appearance of the object triggers an immediate wartime blackout over most of Southern California, with thousands of air raid wardens being deployed throughout the city. At least 5 deaths are related to the incident. Despite the several-hour barrages no planes are downed. February 26 – The 14th Academy Awards ceremony is held in Los Angeles; How Green Was My Valley wins Best Picture. February 27 – WWII: Battle of the Java Sea: An allied (ABDA) task force of 14 vessels under Dutch command, trying to stem a Japanese invasion of the Dutch East Indies, is defeated by a 19-vessel Japanese task force in the Java Sea; 2.300 sailors die, including the commander, Admiral Karel Doorman; Japanese attain naval hegemony in East-Asia. The USS Langley, first aircraft carrier of the United States Navy, is attacked by 9 Japanese bombers while ferrying a cargo of USAAF P-40 fighters to Java. Langley is so badly damaged that she has to be scuttled to avoid falling into Japanese hands. March March 1942 March 6 – WWII: Yugoslav Partisans, operating in Nazi-occupied Serbia, assassinate Đorđe Kosmajac in Belgrade. March 11 – WWII: Douglas MacArthur's escape from the Philippines – U.S. General Douglas MacArthur, his family and key members of his staff are evacuated by PT boat, under cover of evening darkness, from Corregidor in the Philippines. Command of U.S. forces in the Philippines passes to Major General Jonathan M. Wainwright. March 12 – WWII: American troops land at Nouméa on New Caledonia to build a base and garrison the island. This landing includes the first Seabees that are out on active service. The Seabees are Naval Construction battalions, and their name comes from the C and B in construction battalion. March 15 – The Holocaust: Dünamünde Action – 1,900 central European Jews are shot dead north east of Riga, 1,840 are killed on the 26th. March 16 – WWII: New Zealand and Australia declare war on Thailand. March 17 – The Holocaust: Operation Reinhard – The Nazi German Bełżec extermination camp opens in occupied Poland, about 1 km south of the railroad station at Bełżec in the Lublin district of the General Government. At least 434,508 people are killed here up to December 1942. March 18 – Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the United States, signs Executive Order 9102, creating the War Relocation Authority (WRA), which becomes responsible for the internment of Americans of Japanese and, to a lesser extent, German and Italian descent, many of them legal citizens. March 19–30 – WWII: Battle of Toungoo – Chinese forces under General Dai Anlan set up a perimeter around Taungoo. The Japanese 55th Division bombards the positions on the west bank of the Sittaung River with artillery. The Japanese 56th Division links up with the 55th and crosses the river. Taungoo is surrounded and finally taken, while the remnants of the Chinese 200th Division withdraws to new defensive positions at Yedashe. March 20 – WWII: After being forced to flee the Philippines, U.S. General Douglas MacArthur announces (in Terowie, South Australia), "I came through and I shall return."http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article48749454 I Came Through; I Shall Return The Advertiser Adelaide March 21, 1942 2013-03-20 1 March 20, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220320165840/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/48749454 live March 22 – WWII: Second Battle of Sirte £ndash; Escorting warships of a British convoy to Malta ward off a much more powerful Regia Marina (Italian Navy) squadron, north of the Gulf of Sirte. March 23 – WWII: The Germans burn down the Ukrainian village of Yelino (Koriukivka Raion), killing 296 civilians.http://www.russia-today.ru/2012_13_37.html https://archive.today/20130113222535/http://www.russia-today.ru/2012_13_37.html dead January 13, 2013 ru:Великая Отечественная: когда захороним последнего солдата? ru Russia Today September 21, 2012 March 24 – The evacuation of Polish nationals from the Soviet Union begins. It is conducted in two phases: until April 5; and between August 10 and 30, 1942, by sea from Krasnovodsk to Pahlavi (Anzali), and (to a lesser extent) overland from Ashkabad to Mashhad. In all, 115,000 people are evacuated, 37,000 of them civilians, 18,000 children (7% of the number of Polish citizens originally exiled to the Soviet Union).http://www.parstimes.com/history/polish_refugees/exodus_russia.html Iran and the Polish Exodus from Russia 1942 parstimes October 25, 2012 October 30, 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20121030164045/http://www.parstimes.com/history/polish_refugees/exodus_russia.html live March 25–26 – The Holocaust: First mass transport of Jews to Auschwitz concentration camp, 997 women and girls from Poprad transit camp in the Slovak Republic. March 28 – WWII: St Nazaire Raid (Operation Chariot) – British Commandos raid Saint-Nazaire on the coast of Western France, to put its dockyard facilities out of action. Bombing of Lübeck: The port city of Lübeck is the first German city attacked in substantial numbers by the British Royal Air Force, and the first following issue of the Area bombing directive ordering the RAF to attack whole cities. The night attack causes a firestorm that leads to destruction of the historic centre (including St. Mary's Church) and leads to the retaliatory "Baedeker Blitz" on historic British cities.Grayling A. C. A. C. Grayling Among the Dead Cities London Bloomsbury 2006 978-0-7475-7671-6 March 29 – WWII: Following a coup d'état, the Free Republic of Nias is proclaimed by a group of freed Nazi German prisoners in the Indonesian island of Nias; the republic exists for less than a month until the island is fully occupied by Japanese troops. March 31 – WWII: Battle of Christmas Island – Japanese troops occupy Christmas Island without resistance, following a mutiny by British Indian Army troops against their British officers. April April 1942 April The Holocaust: the Nazi German extermination camp Sobibór opens in occupied Poland, on the outskirts of the town of Sobibór. Between April 1942 and October 1943, at least 160,000 people are killed here. 77 Uzbek prisoners of war held at Amersfoort concentration camp in the occupied Netherlands are shot by Nazi German guards, 24 of their compatriots having previously died there as a result of forced starvation.https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-39849088 BBC 2017-05-09 2017-05-09 Why were 101 Uzbeks killed in the Netherlands in 1942? Rustam Qobil March 30, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200330201803/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-39849088 live April 3 – WWII: Japanese forces begin the last phase of the Battle of Bataan, an all-out assault on the United States and Filipino troops on the Bataan Peninsula. April 5 – WWII: Easter Sunday Raid – Aircraft of the Imperial Japanese Navy attack Colombo, Ceylon (Sri Lanka). Royal Navy cruisers Cornwall 56 6 and Dorsetshire 40 6 are sunk southwest of the island. April 9 – WWII: Battle of Bataan: The Bataan Peninsula falls, American and Filipino forces (some 75,000 soldiers) surrender to the Japanese 14th Army under General Masaharu Homma. Bataan Death March: American and Filipino prisoners of war are forced to march from San Fernando to Capas (some 65 miles). During the march some 15,000 soldiers are killed by severe physical abuse and wanton killings. The Japanese Navy launches an air raid on Trincomalee in Ceylon (Sri Lanka); the Royal Navy aircraft carrier Hermes 95 and Royal Australian Navy destroyer Vampire D68 6 are sunk off the country's east coast. April 10 – The Holocaust: Construction of the Nazi German extermination camp Treblinka II commences in occupied Poland near the village of Treblinka. Between July 23, 1942, and October 1943, around 850,000 people are killed here,Treblinka – ein Todeslager der "Aktion Reinhard" Aktion Reinhard" – Die Vernichtung der Juden im Generalgouvernement Bogdan Musial Musial, Bogdan Osnabrück 2004 257–281 more than 800,000 of whom are Jews.Donald L. Niewyk Francis R. Nicosia https://archive.org/details/columbiaguidetot00niew registration Treblinka Treblinka. The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust Columbia University Press 2000 0-231-11200-9 210 April 14 – WWII: British submarine Upholder P37 6 is probably sunk by Axis forces in the Mediterranean. U-85 1941 6 is sunk by Roper DD-147 6 off North Carolina. April 15 – WWII: Award of the George Cross to Malta: King George VI awards the George Cross to the island of Malta to mark the Siege of Malta, saying, "To honor her brave people I award the George Cross to the Island Fortress of Malta, to bear witness to a heroism and a devotion that will long be famous in history" (from January 1 to July 24, there is only one 24-hour period during which no bombs fall on this tiny island). April 17 – WWII: Henri Giraud, French general captured in 1940, escapes from Königstein Fortress near Dresden. He lowers himself down the cliffside fortress with a 50-meter 'rope' he made with odds and ends smuggled in to him. After traveling for three days, Giraud safely reaches the Swiss border. April 18 – WWII: Doolittle Raid – Lieutenant Colonel Jimmy Doolittle leads a bombing mission against Japan, along with 79 other airmen of the U.S. Air Force, flying 16 North American B-25 Mitchell land-based bombers. They take off from the USS Hornet in the Pacific Ocean, some 700 miles (1,126 km) east of Tokyo. Thirteen of the B-25 bombers fly over Tokyo and drop their bombs on oil storage facilities, factories and military targets. The other three B-25s drop their bombs over Yokohama, Nagoya and Kobe. All but one of the B-25s run out of fuel before reaching friendly forces in western China and are forced to land in Japanese-occupied China. With the support of Chinese farmers, 71 airmen reach free China. Eight airmen are captured by the Japanese, who execute four of them in retaliation for the raid. April 20 – WWII: Operation Calendar: The American aircraft carrier USS Wasp, escorted by the British battlecruiser HMS Renown, two cruisers and six destroyers, brings 47 planes (Spitfires) to Malta. They are successfully delivered – but 30 of them are immediately destroyed on the ground by German bombers and within 48 hours all are destroyed.Woodman, Richard (2000). Malta Convoys 1940-1943, p. 320. London: John Murray. 0-7195-6408-5. April 23 WWII: Exeter becomes the first historic English city bombed as part of the Baedeker Blitz, in retaliation for the British bombing of Lübeck. Exeter-born William Temple is enthroned as Archbishop of Canterbury. April 25 – Princess Elizabeth registers for war service in the U.K. April 26 WWII: The Reichstag meets for the last time, dissolving itself and proclaiming Adolf Hitler the "Supreme Judge of the German People", granting him the power of life and death over every German citizen. A gas and coal dust explosion at Benxihu Colliery in Manchukuo kills as many as 1,549 workers, the world's all-time worst mining disaster. April 27 WWII: Conscription crisis in Canada: A national plebiscite is held on the issue of conscription. The Jewish Star of David is required wearing for all Jews in the Netherlands and Belgium; Jews in other Nazi-controlled countries have already been wearing it. April 29 – WWII: Burma campaign: Japanese forces of the 15 Army under General Shōjirō Iida capture Lashio. The allies are in full retreat. An explosion at a chemical factory in Tessenderlo, Belgium leaves 200 dead and 1,000 injured. May May 1942 May – Operation Pluto: The plan to construct oil pipelines under the English Channel, between England and France, is tested in the River Medway. May 3–4 – WWII: Tulagi is invaded by Japanese forces in the British Solomon Islands of the South Pacific, as part of Operation Mo. May 5 – WWII: Battle of Madagascar (Operation Ironclad) begins when British forces land on the Vichy French colony of Madagascar. On May 7 the northern city of Diego Suarez surrenders. May 7 – WWII: On Corregidor, the last American and Filipino forces in the Philippines under command of 2LT Robert L. Obourn (92nd Coast Artillery Regiment, G Battery) from Fort Mills, surrender to the Japanese as directed by Lt. Gen. Jonathan M. Wainwright, the overall commander.Quigley Carroll Tragedy And Hope 1966 Macmillan New York 0-945001-10-X 745 https://books.google.com/books?id=KQZxAAAAIAAJ&q=tragedy+and+hope September 21, 2016 December 7, 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20231207090537/https://books.google.com/books?id=KQZxAAAAIAAJ&q=tragedy+and+hope live May 8 – WWII: The Battle of the Kerch Peninsula: The German 11th Army with Romanian forces launches Unternehmen Trappenjagd (Operation Bustard Hunt) and destroys the bridgehead of the three Soviet Armies (44th, 47th, and 51st) defending the Kerch Peninsula in the eastern part of the Crimean Front.Robert Forczyk 2008 Sevastopol 1942, Von Manstein's triumph https://archive.org/details/sevastopolvonman00forc limited 35–37 Bloomsbury USA 978-1-84603-221-9 The battle ends in an Axis victory. The Battle of the Coral Sea between Japanese and American/Australian fleets, the first battle in naval history where the opponents fight without seeing each other's fleets. The Japanese achieve a tactical victory in terms of tonnage lost (including aircraft carrier USS Lexington) but are prevented from invading Port Moresby. May 8–9 – WWII: At night, gunners of the Ceylon Garrison Artillery on Horsburgh Island in the Cocos Islands revolt. The mutiny is crushed, and 3 soldiers are executed (the only British Commonwealth soldiers to be executed for mutiny). May 9 – WWII: Operation Bowery: Aircraft carriers USS Wasp and HMS Eagle bring 61 Spitfires to Malta ("Club Runs"). The fighter aircraft are desperately needed to bolster the island's defense against German Luftwaffe air raids. May 12 – WWII: Second Battle of Kharkov: In the eastern Ukraine, the Soviet Army initiates a major offensive to capture the city of Kharkov from the German Army, only to be encircled and destroyed. Japanese minelayer Okinoshima is sunk by American submarine S-42 SS-153 6. May 15 – WWII: In the United States, a bill creating the Women's Auxiliary Army Corps (WAAC) is signed into law. May 20 – The first African-American seamen are taken into the United States Navy. May 21 – WWII: Sinking of the Mexican tanker Faja de Oro by U-160 1941 6 off Key West. May 26 – WWII: Battle of Gazala: German forces of Panzer Army Africa led by General Erwin Rommel launch a frontal attack on the central Gazala positions. During the day, the bulk of Rommel's forces move forward, giving the British the impression that this is the main Axis assault. When night falls, the armoured formations turn south in a sweeping move around the southern end of the Gazala line. Battle of Bir Hakeim: The Free French and British troops slow the German advance in North Africa. The Anglo-Soviet Treaty of 1942, to help establish a military and political alliance between the USSR and the British Empire, is signed in London by foreign Secretary Anthony Eden and Soviet foreign minister Vyacheslav Molotov. May 27 – WWII: Operation Anthropoid: Czech paratroopers acting for the Czech government in exile and trained in Britain attempt to assassinate Reinhard Heydrich, acting Reichsprotektor of the Nazi Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, in Prague, and succeed in wounding him. May 29 – Thai spelling reform of 1942 is initiated by the government of Prime Minister Field Marshal Plaek Phibunsongkhram with his office announcing a simplification of the Thai alphabet. The announcement is published in the Royal Gazette on June 1. The reform is canceled by the government of Khuang Aphaiwong on August 2, 1944. May 30–31 – WWII: Bombing of Cologne – British RAF Bomber Command's "Operation Millennium", its first "1,000 bomber raid", with associated fires make 13,000 families homeless and kills around 475 people, mostly civilians; 3,330 non-residential buildings are destroyed. May 31–June 1 – WWII: Attack on Sydney Harbour: Japanese midget submarines infiltrate Sydney Harbour in Australia, in an attempt to attack Allied warships. June June 1942 thumb|300px|June 4: Japanese aircraft carrier Hiryū under attack by US aircraft at the Battle of Midway June 1 WWII: Mexico declares war on Germany, Italy and Japan after the sinking of a Mexican tanker by a German U-boat a week earlier. The Grand Coulee Dam is finished on the Columbia River in the United States. June 3–4 – WWII: The Aleutian Islands campaign opens with the Battle of Dutch Harbor, Japanese Navy aircraft carrier raids on the Dutch Harbor Naval Operating Base and Fort Mears, U.S. Army at Dutch Harbor on Amaknak Island in the Aleutian Islands, in the United States Territory of Alaska. June 4 – WWII: Reinhard Heydrich succumbs to wounds sustained on May 27, from Czechoslovak paratroopers acting in Operation Anthropoid. June 4–7 – WWII: Battle of Midway – An American naval victory halts the Japanese advance in the Pacific.Keegan John John Keegan The Second World War New York Penguin 2005 978-0-14-303573-2 904565693 275 the most stunning and decisive blow in the history of naval warfare. June 5 – WWII: The United States declares war on Bulgaria, Hungary and Romania. June 6 – WWII: Aleutian Islands campaign: Japanese occupation of Kiska. June 8 – WWII: Attack on Sydney Harbour – The Australian cities of Sydney and Newcastle are shelled by Japanese submarines. The eastern suburbs of both cities are damaged, and the east coast is blacked out. June 10 – WWII: Lidice massacre: Units of the Nazi Ordnungspolizei and Sicherheitsdienst shoot all 173 male residents of the Czech village of Lidice in retaliation for the assassination of Reinhard Heydrich. Of 503 inhabitants, a total of around 340 are killed, including 82 children deported to Chełmno extermination camp, and the remainder are removed. All domestic animals are killed and graves despoiled, the village is burned, remains blown up and the site landscaped out of existence; Nazi propaganda (which is open about the event) states "The name of the village was immediately abolished."The New York Times Nazis Blot Out Czech Village; Kill All Men, Disperse Others 11 June 1942 June 11 – WWII: German forces of the 15th Panzer Division together with the 90th Light Division reach El Adem. Panzer Army Africa captures the area around El Adem, and the 29th Indian Brigade, which has defended El Adem is almost wiped out by the Germans. June 12–15 – WWII: Operation Harpoon – An Allied convoy under Admiral Alban Curteis leaves from Gibraltar with 6 merchant ships escorted by the British battleship HMS Malaya, aircraft carriers HMS Argus and HMS Eagle, 4 cruisers and 17 destroyers to Malta. Two of the six merchant ships completes the journey, at the cost of several Allied warships. June 13 – WWII: During the Battle of Gazala, German forces of the 21st Panzer Division advance from the west and attack the British tanks of the 22nd Armoured Brigade. Erwin Rommel demonstrates superiority in tactics, compressing the British armoured forces between two Panzer Divisions of the Panzer Army Africa and the Italian Ariete and Trieste Divisions. By the end of the day, the British tank strength is reduced from 300 tanks to about 70. Rommel establishes armour superiority and surrounds the "Knightsbridge" positions. Due to the many losses, this defeat becomes known as "Black Saturday" to the Eighth Army.Clifford, Alexander (1943). Three Against Rommel: The Campaigns of Wavell, Auchinleck and Alexander, p. 264. London: Harrap. 186758297. June 14 – WWII: The British Eighth Army under General Neil Ritchie is forced with two divisions to withdraw from the Gazala Line. The defenders of El-Adem and two neighbouring boxes hold out against the Germans. The South African 1st Division retreats along the coast road, practically intact. General Claude Auchinleck orders Ritchie to hold the line south-east from Acroma (west of Tobruk) through El-Adem to Bir El Gubi.Mackenzie, Compton (1951). Eastern Epic: September 1939 – March 1943 Defence, pp. 554–555. Vol. I. London: Chatto & Windus. 59637091. June 21 – WWII: Japanese submarine I-25 surfaces off the US Pacific Coast and bombards Fort Stevens at the mouth of the Columbia River. The fort itself is not damaged, though a nearby baseball field is destroyed. June 23 – WWII: Erwin Rommel arrives in Bardia and gives the 90th Light Division orders to attack eastwards. The British 8th Army withdraws to Mersa Matruh, where the Indian 10th Division, elements of the Indian 5th Division and the British 50th Division take up positions. The experimental early-type nuclear reactor L-IV has an accident, becoming the first nuclear accident in history and consisting of a steam explosion and reactor fire in Leipzig. June 24 – WWII: Units of the Nazi Gestapo, SS and Czech collaborators shoot all 33 adult residents of the Czech village of Ležáky in retaliation for the presence of a Czech resistance operative in the aftermath of the assassination of Reinhard Heydrich. 11 children are deported to Chełmno extermination camp and gassed. The village is demolished and will never be rebuilt. Nazi propaganda openly announces the event on June 26.Gerwarth Robert Robert Gerwarth 2011 Hitler's Hangman: the life of Heydrich Yale University Press New Haven, CT 978-0-300-11575-8 June 28 – WWII: Operation Blue: German forces of Army Group South under Generalfeldmarschall Fedor von Bock drive to Stalingrad and the Baku oil fields. Spearheads of the 4th Panzer Army under General Hermann Hoth drive towards Voronezh, advancing nearly 50 km on day one. They crossed two rivers and cut the link one between the Soviet 13th and 40th armies. July July 1942 July – The Holocaust: Inmates of Westerbork transit camp in the occupied Netherlands begin to be shipped to Nazi extermination camps. From now until 1944 around 107,000, mostly Jewish, from here will be killed. July 1–27 – WWII: First Battle of El Alamein: British forces prevent a second advance by Axis forces into Egypt. The 15th and 21st Panzer Divisions are halted and Erwin Rommel orders his forces to regroup. The panzer strength of the German Afrika Korps has been reduced to only 26 vehicles.Franz Kurowski (1986). Das Afrika Korps: Erwin Rommel and the Germans in Africa, 1941–1943, p. 150. 978-0-8117-4033-3. July 3 – WWII: Guadalcanal, occupied only by native Solomon Islanders, falls to the Japanese Naval construction force deployed to construct an airfield on the island. July 4 – WWII in the European Theater of Operations: Twenty-four ships are sunk by German bombers and submarines after Convoy PQ 17 to the Soviet Union is scattered in the Arctic Ocean to evade the German battleship Tirpitz. The United States Eighth Air Force inauspiciously flies its first mission in Europe, using borrowed British planes, and bombs targets in the Netherlands, such as De Kooy Airfield, attached to the Den Helder Naval Base. Three of six aircraft return;http://www.taphilo.com/history/8thaf/index.shtml 8th Air Force during WWII in the ETO: facts, statistics, history, and useful information www.taphilo.com July 1, 2009 July 16, 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110716193024/http://www.taphilo.com/history/8thaf/index.shtml dead For this mission, Captain Charles C. Kegelman is the first member of the Force to be awarded the U.S. Distinguished Flying Cross.http://fpmedia.club.officelive.com/EersteaanvalVIIIBomberCommand.aspx Eerste aanval VIII Bomber Command August 16, 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110816165404/http://fpmedia.club.officelive.com/EersteaanvalVIIIBomberCommand.aspx August 16, 2011 July 9 – Şükrü Saracoğlu forms a new (13th) government in Turkey, following the sudden death of prime minister Refik Saydam while working in the office. July 13 – WWII: U-boats sink three merchant ships in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. July 14 – WWII: Bastille Day Gaullist demonstrations in Vichy France; 2 women are shot dead by members of the fascist French Popular Party (PPF) in Marseille. Germany introduces the Ostvolk Medal for Soviet personnel in the Wehrmacht. July 16 The Holocaust: By order of the Vichy France government headed by Pierre Laval, French police officers round-up 13,000–20,000 Jews and imprison them in the Winter Velodrome. Georges Bégué and others escape from the Mauzac prison camp. July 18 – WWII: The Germans test fly the Messerschmitt Me 262 (using only its jet engines) for the first time. July 19 – WWII: Battle of the Atlantic: German Grand Admiral Karl Dönitz orders the last U-boats to withdraw from there the United States Atlantic coast positions, in response to an effective American convoy system. July 21 – WWII: The Japanese establish a beachhead on the north coast of New Guinea in the Buna-Gona area; a small Australian force begins a rearguard action on the Kokoda Track campaign. July 22 – WWII: The Holocaust: The systematic deportation of Jews from the Warsaw Ghetto begins.Days of Remembrance, April 26-May 3, 1992: Fifty Years Ago : in the Depths of Darkness : Commemoration Planning Guide https://books.google.com/books?id=fzWBAAAAIAAJ&pg=PR5 1992 United States Holocaust Memorial Council 5 April 6, 2021 December 7, 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20231207100449/https://books.google.com/books?id=fzWBAAAAIAAJ&pg=PR5 live July 23 – The Holocaust: The gas chambers at Treblinka extermination camp begin operation, killing 6,500 Jews newly arrived from the Warsaw Ghetto. July 29 – The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union institutes the Order of Suvorov and Order of Kutuzov and reinstates the Order of Alexander Nevsky. July 30 – WWII: WAVES (Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service), the United States Naval Reserve (Women's Reserve), is signed into law. The SS Robert E. Lee is sunk in the Gulf of Mexico by U-166 1941 2, which is itself sunk by the escorting patrol craft. July 31 – The Oxford Committee for Famine Relief (Oxfam) is founded in England. August August 1942 August 3–15 – WWII: Operation Pedestal – A British convoy of 14 merchant ships with a massive escort of two battleships, 4 aircraft carriers, 7 cruisers, 32 destroyers and smaller ships commanded by Admiral Edward Neville Syfret, sets sail to Malta under relentless attacks by day and night from enemy submarines, aircraft and Axis surface forces. The 55,000 tons of food and fuel (particularly from oil tanker Ohio) delivered by this convoy saves Malta from surrender and allows Malta-based aircraft and submarines to resume their attacks against Rommel's supply lines, although over 500 British sea- and airmen are killed and many ships (including carrier HMS Eagle (1918)) are lost. August 4 – WWII: Operation Letica: An assassination attempt on Serbian fascist Minister of Finance Dušan Letica, by a group Yugoslav Resistance fighters, fails.August 2020 August 5 – WWII: German forces of the 4th Panzer Army under General Hermann Hoth resume their advance and reach Abganerovo, 70 km southwest of Stalingrad. They are stopped by the Soviet 64th Army under General Vasily Chuikov, who defend the southern approach to Stalingrad. August 7 – WWII: Guadalcanal campaign – The U.S. Navy and the U.S. Marine Corps start the first American offensive of the war, with an amphibious landing on the island of Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands. August 8 WWII: Battle of Savo Island: The Japanese Imperial Navy under Admiral Gunichi Mikawa wins a spectacular victory over the US Navy and the Australian Navy at Savo Island. Five cruisers and one destroyer are sunk, Mikawa's decision to withdraw under cover of the night rather than attempt to destroy the Allied invasion transports is primarily because of a possible Allied carrier strike against his fleet. WWII: Allied North Atlantic convoy SC 94 loses 10 ships, as the first to be heavily attacked by U-boats resuming mid-Atlantic wolf pack attacks, through the climactic winter of 1942–43.Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945 Rohwer, J. Hummelchen, G. Naval Institute Press 1992 978-1-55750-105-9 153 WWII: In Washington, D.C., six German saboteurs are executed for their role in the failed mission Operation Pastorius (2 others are cooperative and receive sentences of life imprisonment instead, being freed a few years after the end of the war). August 9 Indian leader Mohandas Gandhi is arrested in Bombay, by British forces. Start, led by the goalkeeper Nikolai Trusevich, play football against the German Luftwaffe team Flakelf in Nazi-occupied Kyiv. Against all odds, they win 5–3. Eight of them are later arrested and tortured, and at least four are killed. Leningrad première of Shostakovich's Symphony No. 7, with the city still under siege. August 11 – Hedy Lamarr's and her friend George Antheil's frequency-hopping system for radio-controlled torpedoes is granted a patent under 2,292,387.USPTO Patent 2,292,387 Full Text http://pdfpiw.uspto.gov/.piw?PageNum=0&docid=02292387&IDKey=F01524164BEB&HomeUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fpatft.uspto.gov%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fpatimg.htm United States Patent and Trademark Office USPTO August 20, 2019 January 10, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200110223615/https://pdfpiw.uspto.gov/.piw?PageNum=0&docid=02292387&IDKey=F01524164BEB&HomeUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fpatft.uspto.gov%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fpatimg.htm live In 1962 (at the time of the Cuban missile crisis), an updated version of their design will at last appear on Navy ships.Tony Long https://www.wired.com/thisdayintech/2011/08/0811hedy-lamar-george-antheil-torpedo-patent This Day in Tech: Aug. 11, 1942: Actress + Piano Player=New Torpedo Wired August 11, 2011 October 17, 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110910052538/http://www.wired.com/thisdayintech/2011/08/0811hedy-lamar-george-antheil-torpedo-patent/ September 10, 2011 live mdy-all August 13 – A Quit India resolution is passed by the Bombay session of the All India Congress Committee (AICC), which leads to the start of a historical civil disobedience movement across India. August 15 – WWII: American tanker Ohio 2 reaches Malta, as part of the convoy of Operation Pedestal. August 16 Polish-Jewish teacher Janusz Korczak follows a group of Jewish children into the Treblinka extermination camp. U.S. Navy blimp L-8 (Flight 101) comes ashore near San Francisco, eventually coming down in Daly City (the crew is missing). August 17 WWII: Raid on Makin Island: US Marines of the 2nd Raider Battalion (211 men) under Lt. Col. Evans Carlson embark aboard the submarines Argonaut and Nautilus at Pearl Harbor. The aim is to destroy the Japanese installations and gather intelligence. Only the first of these objectives is achieved, but the raid does boost morale and provide a test for Raider tactics. WWII: Heavy bombers of the U.S. Eighth Air Force, based in England, conduct their first raid against occupied France. August 19 – WWII: Dieppe Raid: An Allied amphibious attack on the German-occupied port of Dieppe in northern France is repulsed. Some 6,000 men of the Canadian 2nd Infantry Division under General John Roberts, supported by 3 and 4 Commando, 50 or so US Rangers and Free French Commandos, are put ashore. The raid is designed to provide battle experience for the troops and to gain information about German defense methods. The casualties are some 3,600 men, 1 destroyer, 30 tanks and 33 landing craft. August 20 – Plutonium is isolated for the first time, at the Metallurgical Laboratory of the University of Chicago. August 21 – WWII: Battle of the Tenaru: The Americans defeat Japanese land forces on Guadalcanal. August 22 – WWII: Brazil declares war on Germany and Italy. August 23 – WWII: Battle of Stalingrad: German forces of the 16th Panzer Division reach the suburbs of Stalingrad. The German 6th Army under General Friedrich Paulus stabilishes the frontier and takes up positions at the Volga River. August 24 WWII: Charge of the Savoia Cavalleria at Izbushensky: An Italian cavalry regiment attacks Soviet forces with drawn sabers at Izbushensky, Russia, one of the last major cavalry charges. WWII: Allied North Atlantic convoy ON 122 is attacked by U-boats, which sink 4 ships.North Atlantic Run Milner, Marc Naval Institute Press 1985 148–150 0-87021-450-0 WWII: The 2-day Battle of the Eastern Solomons begins: Bombers from carrier USS Saratoga sink Japanese aircraft carrier Ryūjō near Santa Isabel Island, helping to lead to an Allied victory. August 25 WWII: Battle of Milne Bay opens, when Japanese marines land at Milne Bay. Dunbeath air crash: Prince George, Duke of Kent, brother to King George VI and King Edward VIII, is among 14 to die in a military aircraft accident at Morven, Scotland, at the age of 39. August 27–28 – Sarny Massacre: Nazi troops and the Ukrainian Auxiliary Police systematically execute more than 14,000 people, mostly Jews, in and around Sarny in German-occupied Poland. August 29 – WWII: Tokyo Express: The Japanese navy starts night-time delivery of reinforcements, supplies and equipment to the Japanese forces operating in and around New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. August 30 – WWII: Luxembourg is formally annexed to the German Reich. August 30–September 5 – WWII: Battle of Alam el Halfa – British forces in the Western Desert resist a German attack under Erwin Rommel. German tanks get slowed down in the minefields around Alam el Halfa Ridge and are forced to withdraw. August 31 – The 1942 Luxembourgish general strike is launched, to protest against forced conscription in Luxembourg. September September 1942 September 2 – WWII: The island of Les Casquets in the Channel Islands is raided by the forerunner of the British SAS, the SSRF, led by Major Gus March-Phillipps; this is one of the first raids by Anders Lassen VC. In the raid, the entire garrison of 7 is abducted and returned to England as prisoners, and the radio and lighthouse are wrecked.Anders Lassen VC MC Mike Langley London New English Library 1988 0450424928 September 3 WWII: Erwin Rommel orders a general retreat and carries the German forces of Panzer Army Africa back to the line running from Tel el Eisa – Deir el Shein - west of Deir el Munassib down to the Qattara Depression. Allied forces of the 2nd New Zealand Division and the British 7th Armoured Division ("Desert Rats") begin an assault, but they are repelled in a fierce rearguard action by the German 90th Light Division. During the attack, Rommel loses some 2,900 men, 50 tanks, a similar number of guns, and 400 vehicles.Carver, Michael (1962). El Alamein, p. 70. Ware, Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Editions. 978-1-84022-220-3. The Holocaust: A German attempt to liquidate the Jewish Łachwa Ghetto in occupied Poland leads to an uprising, probably the first ghetto uprising of the war. September 5 WWII: Battle of Milne Bay: Japanese forces suffer their first defeat on land. The Holocaust: The Jews of Wolbrom in occupied Poland are rounded up by the Germans and their Ukrainian collaborators.http://www1.yadvashem.org/yv/en/exhibitions/wolbrom/index.asp?WT.mc_id=wiki On One Clear Day: The Story of Jewish Wolbrom September 5, 2012 September 3, 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140903150755/http://www1.yadvashem.org/yv/en/exhibitions/wolbrom/index.asp?WT.mc_id=wiki live September 9 – WWII: A Japanese floatplane drops incendiary devices at Mount Emily, near Brookings, Oregon, in the first of two "Lookout Air Raids", the first bombing of the continental United States. September 10 WWII: North Atlantic convoy ON 127 is attacked by U-boats, sinking 6 ships.North Atlantic Run Milner, Marc Naval Institute Press 1985 159–163 0-87021-450-0 The Women's Auxiliary Ferrying Squadron (WAFS) begins operation in the United States. September 12 – WWII: The Laconia, carrying civilians, Allied soldiers, and Italian prisoners of war, is torpedoed off the coast of West Africa and sinks, killing 1,649 people. September 15 – WWII: The Women's Flying Training Detachment (WFTD) is established in the United States. September 24 – WWII: Andrée Borrel and Lise de Baissac become the first female SOE agents to be parachuted into occupied France. September 26 – The Holocaust: Nazi official August Frank issues the August Frank memorandum, setting out how the belongings of "evacuated" (i.e. murdered) Jews are to be disposed of. September 27 – WWII: Both the commerce raiding German auxiliary cruiser Stier and American Liberty ship Stephen Hopkins sink, following a gun battle in the South Atlantic. Hilfskreuzer Stier is the only commerce raider to be sunk by a defensively equipped merchant ship.Muggenthaler August Karl German Raiders of WWII Prentice-Hall 1977 0-13-354027-8 241–242 October October 1942 October 2 British cruiser Curacoa D41 6 collides with liner Queen Mary (carrying troops from the United States) off the coast of Donegal and sinks; 338 drown. WWII: Japanese troopship Lisbon Maru sinks, following a torpedo attack the previous day by submarine Grouper off the coast of China; 829 are killed, mostly British prisoners of war who (unknown to the attacker) were being held on board. The first American-built turbojet aircraft, the Bell P-59 Airacomet fighter prototype, makes its first official flight.Angelucci Enzo The American Fighter: the Definitive Guide to American Fighter Aircraft from 1917 to the present New York Orion Books 1987 50 October 3 – The first A-4 rocket is successfully launched from Test Stand VII at Peenemünde, Germany. The rocket flies 147 kilometers and reaches an altitude of 84.5 kilometers, becoming the first man-made object to reach space. October 9 WWII: Third Battle of the Matanikau on Guadalcanal: American forces defeat the Japanese. The Statute of Westminster Adoption Act, passed by the Parliament of Australia, formalizes Australian autonomy from the United Kingdom. October 11 – WWII: Battle of Cape Esperance: On the northwest coast of Guadalcanal, United States Navy ships intercept and defeat a Japanese fleet, on their way to reinforce troops on the island. October 13 – WWII: North Atlantic convoy SC 104 is attacked by U-boats, sinking seven ships.Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945 Rohwer, J. Hummelchen, G. Naval Institute Press 1992 167 1-55750-105-X October 14 The Holocaust: The International Committee of the Red Cross, meeting in special session at the Hotel Métropole, Geneva, Switzerland, declines to issue an international appeal condemning the holding of civilians in Nazi concentration camps.John Simpson John Simpson (journalist) A Mad World, My Masters 2000 Macmillan 9780333724200 London WWII: A U-boat sinks the ferry Caribou off Newfoundland, killing 137. October 16 A cyclone and consequential floods in the Bay of Bengal kill 40,000 people, with particularly heavy damage around Contai.Longshore David 2008 Encyclopedia of Hurricanes, Typhoons, and Cyclones https://archive.org/details/encyclopediahurr00long limited New New York Facts On File 258 978-1-4381-1879-6 Animated short film The Mouse of Tomorrow, featuring the debut of Mighty Mouse (as "Super Mouse"), is released in the United States. October 18 – WWII: Hitler issues the Commando Order, which stipulates that all Allied commandos encountered by German forces should be executed immediately without trial, even in proper uniforms, in response to the Dieppe Raid and Operation Basalt conducted by the Allies. After the war, the Nuremberg trials finds this order a direct violation of the laws and customs of war. October 21 – A Royal New Zealand Air Force torpedo bomber sinks the German MS Palatia, with a loss of 946 lives. October 23 – Award-winning composer and songwriter Ralph Rainger ("Thanks for the Memory") is among 12 people killed in a mid-air collision between an American Airlines DC-3 and a U.S. Army bomber near Palm Springs, California. October 23–26 – WWII: Battle for Henderson Field: Japanese forces fail to recapture Henderson Field airfield in Guadalcanal from the Americans. October 23–November 4 – WWII: Second Battle of El Alamein: British troops go on the offensive against the Axis forces. October 26 – WWII: Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands: Two Japanese aircraft carriers are heavily damaged and one U.S. Navy carrier is sunk. October 28 Film actor Errol Flynn is accused of statutory rape by two teenage girls. The Alaska Highway is completed. October 29 – The Holocaust: In the United Kingdom, leading clergymen and political figures hold a public meeting to register outrage over Nazi Germany's persecution of Jews. October 30 – WWII: U-boats sink 11 ships, attacking diversionary convoy SL 125, but move out of the path of approaching troopships, carrying Allied Operation Torch invasion forces.Dönitz and the Wolf Packs Edwards, Bernard Brockhampton Press 1999 115 1-86019-927-5 https://archive.org/details/donitzwolfpacks0000edwa/page/115 British sailors board U-559 2 as it sinks in the Mediterranean and retrieve its Enigma machine and codebooks. November November 1942 November 1 – WWII: North Atlantic convoy SC 107 is heavily attacked by U-boats, sinking 15 ships.Waters John M. Jr. Bloody Winter D. Van Nostrand Company 1967 38–55 Princeton, NJ November 2 – A USAAF squadron, including B-24 Liberators, intercepts many Luftwaffe patrols off the coast of Oran, Algeria. November 3 – WWII: Second Battle of El Alamein: German forces under Erwin Rommel are forced to retreat during the night. November 6 – WWII: Battle of Madagascar ends when Vichy French forces on Madagascar sign an armistice with the Allies. November 8 – WWII: Operation Torch: Elements of the Allied expeditionary force (some 105,000 men) under Lieutenant General Dwight D. Eisenhower lands simultaneously along the coastline of Morocco and Algeria in French North Africa. French Resistance Coup in Algiers: 400 French civil resisters neutralize the Vichyist XIXth Army Corps and the Vichyist generals (Juin, Darlan, etc.), thus allowing the immediate success of Operation Torch in Algiers, and ultimately the whole of French North Africa. November 10 – WWII: In violation of a 1940 armistice, Germany invades Vichy France, following French Admiral François Darlan's agreement to an armistice with the Allies in North Africa. November 11 – The Turkish parliament passes the Varlık Vergisi, Guttstadt Corry Turkey, the Jews, and the Holocaust https://books.google.com/books?id=oebVDvecEGMC Cambridge University Press May 2013 73 978-0521769914 October 10, 2023 December 7, 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20231207090519/https://books.google.com/books?id=oebVDvecEGMC live "After preliminary propaganda, the Turkish Parliament passed Law No. 4305, which introduced the Varlık Vergisi, on November 11, 1942." a capital tax mostly levied on non-Muslim citizens with the unofficial aim to inflict financial ruin on them and end their prominence in the country's economy. Ince Basak Citizenship and Identity in Turkey: From Atatürk's Republic to the Present Day https://books.google.com/books?id=Ydpiawe35DwC I. B. Tauris April 2012 75 978-1780760261 October 10, 2023 December 7, 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20231207090520/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ydpiawe35DwC live "However, the underlying reason was the elimination of minorities from the economy, and the replacement of the non-Muslim bourgeoisie by its Turkish counterpart." November 12 – WWII: Guadalcanal campaign: A naval battle near Guadalcanal starts between Japanese and American forces. November 13 – WWII: Guadalcanal campaign: Aviators from the Enterprise CV-6 6 sink the Japanese battleship Hiei. British forces capture Tobruk. November 15 – WWII: The Naval Battle of Guadalcanal ends: Although the United States Navy suffers heavy losses, it retains control of Guadalcanal. British forces capture Derna, Libya. November 18 – WWII: North Atlantic convoy ON 144 is attacked by U-boats, sinking 5 ships.Hitler's U-Boat War: The Hunted 1942–1945 Blair, Clay Random House 1998 118–120 0-679-45742-9 November 19 – WWII: Battle of Stalingrad: Soviet Union forces under General Georgy Zhukov launch the Operation Uranus counter-attacks at Stalingrad, turning the tide of the battle in the USSR's favor. November 20 – WWII: British forces capture Benghazi. November 21 – The completion of the Alaska Highway (also known as the Alcan Highway) is celebrated (however, the "highway" is not usable by general vehicles until 1943). November 22 – WWII: Battle of Stalingrad: The situation for the German attackers of Stalingrad seems desperate during the Soviet counter-attack Operation Uranus, and General Friedrich Paulus sends Adolf Hitler a telegram, saying that the German Sixth Army is surrounded. November 23 – WWII A U-boat sinks the Benlomond 1922 6 off the coast of Brazil. One crewman, Chinese second steward Poon Lim, is separated from the others and spends 130 days adrift, until he is rescued on April 3, 1943. Legislation approves the United States Coast Guard Women's Reserve, to help fill jobs and free men to serve during the war effort. They are known as the SPARS ("Semper Paratus, Always Ready!") November 25–26 – WWII: Operation Harling: A British Special Operations Executive team, together with Greek Resistance fighters, blows up the Gorgopotamos viaduct, in the first major sabotage act in occupied continental Europe. November 26 The movie Casablanca premières at the Hollywood Theater in New York City. A riot involving infantrymen, military police, and local law enforcement officers occurs in Phoenix, Arizona, United States, leading to three deaths.Dixon Euell A. January 22, 2007 The Phoenix Thanksgiving Day Riot (1942) https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/phoenixs-thanksgiving-day-riot-1942/ live https://web.archive.org/web/20250318141135/https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/phoenixs-thanksgiving-day-riot-1942/ March 18, 2025 June 16, 2025 BlackPast.org November 27 – WWII: At Toulon, the French navy scuttles its ships and submarines, to keep them out of Nazi hands. November 28 Cocoanut Grove fire: A fire in the Cocoanut Grove nightclub in Boston, Massachusetts, kills 491. The large-scale German "pacification" of the Zamojszczyzna region of Poland begins. November 29 – The Blue Star Line cargo liner Dunedin Star runs aground on the Skeleton Coast of Namibia. Crew and passengers survive, following a 26-day overland trek to Windhoek.Dead Reckoning: The Dunedin Star Disaster Jeff Dawson 2005 https://books.google.com/books?id=naMFHgAACAAJ London, UK Weidenfeld & Nicolson 2008-03-31 0-7538-2044-7 November 30 – WWII: Battle of Tassafaronga – In a nighttime naval battle as part of the Guadalcanal campaign, ships of the Imperial Japanese Navy defeat those of the United States Navy. December December 1942 December 1 – Gasoline rationing begins in the United States. December 2 – Manhattan Project: Below the bleachers of Stagg Field at the University of Chicago, a team led by Enrico Fermi initiates the first self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction (a coded message, "The Italian navigator has landed in the new world" is then sent to U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt). December 4 The Holocaust: In Warsaw, two women, Zofia Kossak and Wanda Filipowicz, risk their lives by setting up the Council for the Assistance of the Jews. WWII: USAAF bombers make their first raid on Italy. December 6 – Stary Ciepielów and Rekówka massacre: 5 families in Occupied Poland are executed by the Ordnungspolizei as part of the German retribution against Poles who helped Jews. December 7 – WWII: British commandos conduct Operation Frankton, a raid on shipping in Bordeaux Harbour. The battleship New Jersey BB-62 is launched at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. December 8 – A fire at Seacliff Lunatic Asylum in New Zealand kills 39 patients. December 10 – The Holocaust: The Polish government-in-exile sends copies of The Mass Extermination of Jews in German Occupied Poland, including Raczyński's Note, the first official report on The Holocaust, to 26 governments who signed the Declaration by United Nations. December 11 – WWII: Operation Lilliput: The Allies start a convoy operation for transportation of troops, weapons and supplies in a regular transport service between Milne Bay and Oro Bay in New Guinea. The first vessel to arrive at Oro Bay is Karsik, escorted by HMAS Lithgow, with four Stuart light tanks.Gill, G. Hermon (1968). Royal Australian Navy, 1942–1945, pp. 244–245. Australia in the War of 1939–1945. Series 2 – Navy: Volume II. Canberra: Australian War Memorial. 65475. December 12 – WWII: German troops began Operation Winter Storm, an attempt to relieve encircled Axis forces during the Battle of Stalingrad. December 15 – WWII: Guadalcanal campaign – Battle of Mount Austen, the Galloping Horse, and the Sea Horse: the United States and allied forces begin to attack Japanese positions near the Matanikau River. December 17 – The Allies issue the Joint Declaration by Members of the United Nations (as the answer to Raczyński's Note), the first time they publicly acknowledge the Holocaust. December 20 – WWII: First Arakan Campaign: Allied forces begin a counter-offensive into Burma. During the offensive, Japanese defenders occupying well-prepared positions repeatedly repulse the British and Indian forces. December 22 An avalanche in Aliquippa, Pennsylvania, kills 26, including Vulcan Crucible Steel heir-apparent Samuel A. Stafford Sr., when two 100 ton boulders fall on a bus filled with wartime steelworkers on their way home. An airplane carrying prominent Ustashe general Jure Francetić crashes. Francetić dies as a result of the injuries on December 27. December 24 – French Admiral Darlan, the former Vichy leader who has switched over to the Allies following the Torch landings, is assassinated in Algiers. December 27 – The Union of Pioneers of Yugoslavia, a communist youth movement, is founded. December 28 – North Atlantic Convoy ON 154 is heavily attacked by U-boats, sinking 13 ships.http://www.gordonmumford.com/m-navy/ons154-0.htm Convoy ONS 154 J. Gordon Mumford 2010-12-02 https://web.archive.org/web/20110111050815/http://www.gordonmumford.com/m-navy/ons154-0.htm January 11, 2011 usurped December 31 – The Times Square Ball in Times Square, New York City is not dropped for the first time. Instead, there is a moment of silence at midnight, followed by the sound of bells playing from sound trucks at the base of One Times Square. Date unknown DDT is first used as a pesticide. circa JuneThe 1942 FIFA World Cup competition in Association football, which Nazi Germany sought to host, is not held, due to World War II. Births births January thumb|100px|Stephen Hawking thumb|100px|Junichiro Koizumi thumb|100px|Muhammad Ali thumb|100px|Michael Crawford thumb|100px|Eusébio thumb|100px|Tasuku Honjo January 1 Adil Abdul-Mahdi, 49th Prime Minister of Iraq Country Joe McDonald, American singer/songwriter and musician (d. 2026) Alassane Ouattara, 5th President of the Ivory Coast Gennadi Sarafanov, Russian cosmonaut (d. 2005) January 3 László Sólyom, President of Hungary (d. 2023) John Thaw, English actor (d. 2002) January 4 Jaber Al-Mubarak Al-Hamad Al-Sabah, 7th Prime Minister of Kuwait (d. 2024) Dame Marcela Contreras, Chilean-British immunologist and educator John McLaughlin, English guitarist, bandleader and composerPeter Lavezzoli The Dawn of Indian Music in the West https://books.google.com/books?id=OSZKCXtx-wEC&pg=PA332 24 April 2006 A&C Black 978-0-8264-1815-9 332 April 6, 2021 December 7, 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20231207090521/https://books.google.com/books?id=OSZKCXtx-wEC&pg=PA332#v=onepage&q&f=false live January 5 Maurizio Pollini, Italian pianist (d. 2024)Giancarlo Colombo Who's who in Italy 2002 https://books.google.com/books?id=wXxmAAAAMAAJ 2002 Who's Who in Italy 978-88-85246-48-5 1395 April 6, 2021 December 7, 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20231207090537/https://books.google.com/books?id=wXxmAAAAMAAJ live Charlie Rose, American television anchor and talk show host January 7 – Vasily Alekseyev, Soviet weightlifter (d. 2011) January 8 Fauziyya Hassan, Maldivian actress (d. 2022)https://raajje.mv/122753 Celebrated actress Fauziyya Hassan dies raajje.mv September 7, 2022 August 30, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220830111450/https://raajje.mv/122753 live Stephen Hawking, British physicist (d. 2018)Anita Croy Stephen Hawking https://books.google.com/books?id=ZFkGEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA4 24 June 2021 Raintree 978-1-398-20142-2 4 April 6, 2021 December 7, 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20231207090612/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZFkGEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA4 live Junichiro Koizumi, 56th Prime Minister of Japan January 9 – Lee Kun-hee, South Korean businessman (d. 2020) January 10 – Walter Hill, American film director, screenwriter, and producerGeoff Andrew The Film Handbook https://books.google.com/books?id=EQK1AAAAIAAJ 1990 G.K. Hall 978-0-8161-9093-5 130 January 11 Clarence Clemons, African-American saxophonist (d. 2011)Chase's Annual Events https://books.google.com/books?id=WA3vAAAAMAAJ 1994 Contemporary Books 978-0-8092-3732-6 63 April 6, 2021 September 1, 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20230901100002/https://books.google.com/books?id=WA3vAAAAMAAJ live Bill Sheridan, American basketball coach (d. 2020) January 12 Ramiro de León Carpio, 31st President of Guatemala (d. 2002) Michel Mayor, Swiss astronomer, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics January 14 – Yogesh Kumar Sabharwal, Chief Justice of India (d. 2015) January 16 René Angélil, Canadian singer and manager (d. 2016) Nicole Fontaine, French politician (d. 2018) January 17 Muhammad Ali, African-American boxer, activist, and philanthropist (d. 2016)https://www.olympic.org/cassius-clay Cassius Clay Olympic.org International Olympic Committee April 2, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210402030603/https://www.olympic.org/cassius-clay live Forges, Spanish graphic humorist (d. 2018) January 19 – Michael Crawford, English actor, singer and entertainerCurrent Biography Yearbook https://books.google.com/books?id=C4gYAAAAIAAJ 1992 H. W. Wilson Company 141 January 21 – Edwin Starr, singer (d. 2003)Fred Bronson The Billboard Book of Number One Hits https://books.google.com/books?id=RVFLAAAAYAAJ 1997 Billboard Books 978-0-8230-7641-3 280 January 22 – Amine Gemayel, 12th President of LebanonAlain Gresh Dominique Vidal An A to Z of the Middle East https://books.google.com/books?id=NEksAQAAIAAJ 1990 Zed Books 978-0-86232-880-1 50 January 23 Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat, 1st President of Mongolia (d. 2025)September 2026 Salim Ahmed Salim, 4th Prime Minister of Tanzania January 25 – Eusébio, Mozambican Portuguese footballer (d. 2014) Dunmore Tom Historical dictionary of soccer Scarecrow Press Lanham, Md 2011 9780810871885 74 January 26 – Árpád Urbán, Hungarian teacher and politicianhttp://www.parlament.hu/kepv/eletrajz/hu/u390.htm Biography Országgyűlés January 27 – Tasuku Honjo, Japanese immunologist, Nobel Prize laureate in Physiology or Medicine January 28 Hans Jürgen Bäumler, German figure skater, actor, pop singer and television hostSeptember 2026 Sjoukje Dijkstra, Dutch figure skater (d. 2024)https://www.olympic.org/sjoukje-dijkstra Sjoukje Dijkstra Olympic.org International Olympic Committee March 26, 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170326182915/https://www.olympic.org/sjoukje-dijkstra live January 29 – Arnaldo Tamayo Méndez, Cuban military officer, legislator, and cosmonaut January 30 – Marty Balin, American singer, songwriter, and musician (d. 2018)Norm N. Nite Wolfman Jack Rock on: The video revolution, 1978-present https://books.google.com/books?id=rxwKAQAAMAAJ 1982 Harper & Row 978-0-06-181644-4 19 January 31 Daniela Bianchi, Italian actress Derek Jarman, English director and writer (d. 1994)Tony Peake, Derek Jarman: A Biography (Woodstock: Overlook Press, 1999), pp. 12–13. February thumb|100px|Terry Jones thumb|100px|Graham Nash thumb|100px|Carole King thumb|100px|Ehud Barak thumb|100px|Brian Jones February 1 Bibi Besch, Austrian-American actress (d. 1996) Terry Jones, Welsh actor (Monty Python) and writer (d. 2020)https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/news/terry-jones-death-monty-python-age-cause-a9296546.html https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/news/terry-jones-death-monty-python-age-cause-a9296546.html May 1, 2022 subscription live Jacob Stolworthy Terry Jones death: Monty Python star and Life of Brian director dies, aged 77 The Independent Masa Saito, Japanese professional wrestler (d. 2018) February 2 – Graham Nash, English rock musicianBrock Helander The Rockin' 60s: The People Who Made the Music https://books.google.com/books?id=4mbHDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT360 1 January 2001 Schirmer Trade Books 978-0-85712-811-9 360 February 7 – Bernard Lietaer, Belgian engineer and economist (d. 2019) February 9 Manuel Castells, Spanish sociologist Carole King, American singer and composerKeith Hatschek Veronica A. Wells Historical Dictionary of the American Music Industry https://books.google.com/books?id=zKVoDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA168 15 September 2018 Rowman & Littlefield 978-1-5381-1144-4 168 February 11 — Otis Clay, American R&B and soul singer (d. 2016)Otis Clay, Soul and R&B Singer, Dies at 73 https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/12/arts/music/otis-clay-soul-and-rb-singer-dies-at-73.html 12 January 2016 The New York Times The Associated Press 11 January 2016 February 12 – Ehud Barak, 10th Prime Minister of Israel February 13 Carol Lynley, American actress (d. 2019) Peter Tork, American musician and actor (d. 2019) Donald E. Williams, American astronaut (d. 2016) February 15 Sadou Hayatou, 4th Prime Minister of Cameroon (d. 2019) Sherry Jackson, American actress February 20 Phil Esposito, Canadian hockey player Mitch McConnell, American politician, U.S. senior senator from Kentucky February 21 – Margarethe von Trotta, German actress, film director and writer February 22 – Christine Keeler, English model (d. 2017)https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-29213271 Obituary: Christine Keeler 2017-12-05 BBC News 2017-12-06 dmy-all https://web.archive.org/web/20180612043214/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-29213271 12 June 2018 live February 25 – Karen Grassle, American actressAugust 2026 February 26 – Jozef Adamec, Slovak football player and manager (d. 2018) February 27 – Robert H. Grubbs, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2021) February 28 Brian Jones, English musician (d. 1969) Dino Zoff, Italian footballer and manager March thumb|100px|Lou Reed thumb|100px|Felipe González thumb|100px|Michael Eisner thumb|100px|John Cale thumb|100px|Aretha Franklin thumb|100px|Michael York March 2 John Irving, American authorJay Parini The Oxford Encyclopedia of American Literature https://books.google.com/books?id=nMhMAgAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PA267 2004 Oxford University Press 978-0-19-515653-9 267 Lou Reed, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2013) March 5 Felipe González, Prime Minister of Spain Mike Resnick, American science fiction author (d. 2020)August 2026 March 7 Tammy Faye Bakker, American evangelist, singer and television personality (d. 2007) Michael Eisner, American film studio executive March 9 – John Cale, Welsh composer and musician March 12 – Ratko Mladić, Bosnian Serb military leader and war criminal (d. 2026) March 13 Charles Brandt, American investigator, lawyer, writer, and speaker. https://www.nytimes.com/2024/10/30/books/charles-brandt-dead.html Charles Brandt, Whose Book Inspired 'The Irishman,' Dies at 82 Rosenwald Michael S. The New York Times limited October 30, 2024 October 30, 2024 Dave Cutler, American software engineerAugust 2026 Scatman John, American musician (d. 1999)August 2026 March 16 – James Soong, Taiwan politician March 17 – John Wayne Gacy, American serial killer (d. 1994) March 19 – José Serra, Brazilian politician March 23 Walter Rodney, Guyanese historian and political figure Michael Haneke, Austrian director and screenwriter March 25 Aretha Franklin, American singer, songwriter, actress, and civil rights activist (d. 2018)https://www.theguardian.com/music/2018/aug/16/aretha-franklin-obituary Aretha Franklin obituary The Guardian Richard Williams Richard Williams (journalist) August 16, 2018 April 1, 2021 Richard O'Brien, English-New Zealand actor March 26 Erica Jong, American author Edvard Schiffauer, Czech composerhttps://www.memoryofnations.eu/en/schiffauer-edvard-1942 Edvard Schiffauer (1942) www.memoryofnations.eu December 19, 2020 June 13, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210613121155/https://www.memoryofnations.eu/en/schiffauer-edvard-1942 live March 27 John E. Sulston, British chemist; recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2018) Michael York, English actor March 28 Daniel Dennett, American philosopher (d. 2024) Neil Kinnock, British Labour leader Mike Newell, British film director Jerry Sloan, American basketball player and coach (d. 2020) March 29 Kenichi Ogata, Japanese voice actor Scott Wilson, American actor (d. 2018) March 30 – Ruben Kun, Nauruan politician and former President of Nauru April thumb|100px|Leon Russell thumb|100px|Jeetendra thumb|100px|Hayedeh thumb|100px|Jacob Zuma thumb|100px|David Bradley thumb|100px|Geoffrey Palmer thumb|100px|Barbra Streisand April 1 – Samuel R. Delany, American science fiction author April 2 – Leon Russell, American singer, songwriter, pianist and guitarist (d. 2016) April 3 Marsha Mason, American actress Wayne Newton, American entertainer and singer April 5 – Peter Greenaway, English filmmaker and artist April 6 Barry Levinson, American film producer and director Anita Pallenberg, German-Italian actress, artist, and model (d. 2017) April 7 – Jeetendra, Indian actor April 8 – Douglas Trumbull, American film director and special effects artist (d. 2022) April 10 – Hayedeh, Iranian singer (d. 1990) April 12 Carlos Reutemann, Argentine racing driver and politician (d. 2021) Jacob Zuma, 4th President of South Africa April 14 Valeriy Brumel, Russian athlete (d. 2003) Valentin Lebedev, Russian cosmonaut April 15 – Julie Sommars, American actress April 17 Kenas Aroi, Nauruan politician (d. 1991) David Bradley, English actor April 18 Jeff Kimpel, American atmospheric scientist (d. 2020) Jochen Rindt, German-born racing driver (d. 1970) April 19 – Alan Price, English musician and keyboardist April 20 Casimir Oyé-Mba, 3rd Prime Minister of Gabon (d. 2021)http://www.bdpgabon.org/articles/categories/afrique/EEEEFFpllVCMBupXnN.shtml Bongo Doit Partir - BDP Gabon Nouveau: Actualités: Afrique: Bio-Portrait: Casimir Oyé Mba, le profil de l'emploi April 22, 2007 September 22, 2021 April 22, 2007 https://web.archive.org/web/20070422175103/http://www.bdpgabon.org/articles/categories/afrique/EEEEFFpllVCMBupXnN.shtml live Arto Paasilinna, Finnish author (d. 2018)Arto Paasilinna 20.4.1942–15.10.2018 February 9, 2024 https://www.wsoy.fi/uutiset/arto-paasilinna-20-4-1942-15-10-2018 WSOY fi April 21 – Geoffrey Palmer, 33rd Prime Minister of New Zealand April 22 – Rudolf Jaenisch, German-American biologist April 23 – Sandra Dee, American actress (d. 2005) April 24 – Barbra Streisand, American singer, actress, composer, and film director April 26 – Bobby Rydell, American singer (d. 2022) April 27 – Valeri Polyakov, Russian cosmonaut (d. 2022) April 29 – Galina Kulakova, Soviet athlete May thumb|100px|Tammy Wynette thumb|100px|Ian Dury thumb|100px|Jusuf Kalla thumb|100px|Taj Mahal May 1 – Jean Saubert, American alpine ski racer (d. 2007) May 2 – Jacques Rogge, 8th President of the International Olympic Committee (d. 2021) May 3 – Věra Čáslavská, Czech gymnast (d. 2016) May 5 – Tammy Wynette, American country singer (d. 1998) May 6 – Ariel Dorfman, Argentine/Chilean novelist, playwright and essayistVineta Colby H. W. Wilson World Authors, 1985-1990 https://books.google.com/books?id=s2kYAAAAIAAJ 1995 H.W. Wilson 978-0-8242-0875-2 220 May 8 – Terry Neill, Northern Irish footballer and manager (d. 2022) May 9 Tommy Roe, American singer-songwriter John Ashcroft, 79th United States Attorney General May 12 – Ian Dury, British musician (d. 2000) May 13 – Vladimir Dzhanibekov, Soviet cosmonaut May 15 Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini, 2-Time Prime Minister of Swaziland (d. 2018) Anthony W. England, American astronaut Jusuf Kalla, 10th and 12th Vice President of Indonesia May 17 Philippe Gondet, French footballer (d. 2018) Taj Mahal, African-American singer and guitarist May 19 – Gary Kildall, American computer scientist and microcomputer entrepreneur (d. 1994) May 20 Lynn Davies, Welsh track and field athlete Carlos Hathcock, American Marine sniper (d. 1999) David Proval, American actor May 21 – Robert C. Springer, American astronaut and test pilot May 22 Ted Kaczynski, American domestic terrorist, mathematics professor, and anarchist author (d. 2023) Barbara Parkins, Canadian actress May 24 Ichirō Ozawa, Japanese politician Fraser Stoddart, Scottish-born scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (d. 2024) May 25 – José Mário Branco, Portuguese singer-songwriter, actor, and record producer (d. 2019) May 28 – Stanley B. Prusiner, American scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine May 29 – Kevin Conway, American actor and director (d. 2020) June thumb|100px|Curtis Mayfield thumb|100px|Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo thumb|150x150px|Muammar Gaddafi thumb|100px|Thabo Mbeki thumb|100px|Sir Paul McCartney thumb|100px|Brian Wilson thumb|100px|Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle June 2 Tony Buzan, English author and educational consultant (d. 2019) Eduard Malofeyev, Russian footballer and coach June 3 – Curtis Mayfield, African-American musician (d. 1999) June 5 – Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, President of Equatorial Guinea and Chairperson of the African Union June 6 – Sandra Morgan, Australian swimmer June 7 Muammar Gaddafi, Libyan revolutionary, politician, and political theorist (d. 2011) Anneke Grönloh, Dutch singer (d. 2018) June 8 – Jacques Dubochet, Swiss biophysicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry June 10 Preston Manning, Canadian politician Anthony J. Alvarado, American educator, New York City Schools Chancellor (1983–1984) (d. 2024) June 12 – Bert Sakmann, German physiologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine June 13 – Abdulsalami Abubakar, President of Nigeria June 14 – Andy Irvine, Irish folk musicianhttps://music.apple.com/ie/artist/andy-irvine/4211395 Andy Irvine on Apple Music June 16 Giacomo Agostini, Italian motorcycle racer John Rostill, English bassist, musician and composer (d. 1973) June 17 – Mohamed El Baradei, Egyptian International Atomic Energy Agency director, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize June 18 Roger Ebert, American film critic and television personality (d. 2013) Thabo Mbeki, South African politician and 12th President of South Africa Paul McCartney, English musician and composer Carl Radle, American bass guitarist Nick Tate, Australian actor Hans Vonk, Dutch conductor (d. 2004) June 20 – Brian Wilson, American singer, composer and producer (The Beach Boys) (d. 2025) June 21 Paul Chernoff, American mathematician and poet (d. 2017) Flaviano Vicentini, Italian cyclist (d. 2002)Archives Cycling Flaviano Vicentini http://www.cyclingarchives.com/coureurfiche.php?coureurid=8084 2022-04-09 www.cyclingarchives.com en April 9, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220409192053/http://www.cyclingarchives.com/coureurfiche.php?coureurid=8084 usurped June 22 Toyohiro Akiyama, Japanese cosmonaut Eumir Deodato, Brazilian pianist, composer, arranger and producer Laila Freivalds, Swedish politician June 23 – Martin Rees, British cosmologist and astrophysicist June 24 Michele Lee, American actress and singer Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle, Chilean politician and 33rd President of Chile June 25 Willis Reed, African-American basketball player, coach and general manager (d. 2023) Michel Tremblay, French-Canadian novelist and playwright June 26 Gilberto Gil, Brazilian singer, politician Larry Taylor, American bass guitarist (Canned Heat) (d. 2019) June 27 – Bruce Johnston, American singer and songwriter (The Beach Boys) June 28 Chris Hani, South African politician (d. 1993) Rupert Sheldrake, British biochemist Frank Zane, American professional bodybuilder and author June 30 Robert Ballard, American explorer, Navy officer and professor Jean-Baptiste Ouédraogo, 4th President of Burkina Faso Friedrich von Thun, Austrian actor July thumb|100px|Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri thumb|100px|Vicente Fox thumb|100px|Richard Roundtree thumb|100px|Harrison Ford thumb|100px|Roger McGuinn thumb|100px|Javier Solana thumb|100px|Mil Mascaras thumb|100px|Chris Sarandon July 1 Geneviève Bujold, Canadian actress Andraé Crouch, American gospel singer (d. 2015) Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri, 6th Vice President of Iraq (d. 2020) Wim T. Schippers, Dutch artist, comedian, television director, and voice actor Timothy Yang, Taiwanese diplomat and politician July 2 Vicente Fox, 55th President of Mexicohttps://www.buscabiografias.com/biografia/verDetalle/3690/Vicente%20Fox%20Quesada Vicente Fox Quesada Busca Biografias es May 30, 2019 October 27, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221027171828/https://www.buscabiografias.com/biografia/verDetalle/3690/Vicente%20Fox%20Quesada live Ahmet Türk, Kurdish nationalist Juan Cutillas, footballer and Spanish soccer coach July 3 – Eddy Mitchell, French singer and actor July 4 – Prince Michael of Kent July 5 – Hannes Löhr, German footballer (d. 2016) July 6 – Raymond Depardon, French photographer, photojournalist and documentary filmmaker July 7 Carmen Duncan, Australian actress and activist (d. 2019) Abdul Hamid II, Pakistani field hockey player July 9 – Richard Roundtree, American actor (d. 2023) July 10 Ronnie James Dio, American musician (d. 2010) Pyotr Klimuk, Russian cosmonaut Mirjana Marković, Serbian politician, 3rd First Lady of Yugoslavia (d. 2019) Lopo do Nascimento, 1st Prime Minister of Angola Sixto Rodriguez, American singer-songwriter (d. 2023) July 11 Tomasz Stańko, Polish trumpeter, composer and improviser (d. 2018) Jean Jourden, French cyclist Vitorino, Portuguese singer-songwriter July 13 Harrison Ford, American actor Roger McGuinn, American musician (The Byrds) July 14 – Javier Solana, Spanish politician and diplomat July 16 – Margaret Court, Australian tennis player July 17 Connie Hawkins, American basketball player (d. 2017) Zoot Money, English vocalist, keyboardist and bandleader July 18 Prince Alexandre of Belgium (d. 2009) Giacinto Facchetti, Italian footballer (d. 2006) Adolf Ogi, member of the Swiss Federal Council July 19 – Frederick Kantor, American physicist July 20 – Salvatore Lo Piccolo, Italian mafioso July 21 Alfred Gomolka, German politician Véronique Vendell, French actress July 22 – Toyohiro Akiyama, Japanese TV journalist and astronaut July 23 – Myra Hindley, English multiple murderer (d. 2002) July 24 – Chris Sarandon, American actor July 26 – Hannelore Elsner, German actress (d. 2019) July 27 – Dennis Ralston, American tennis player (d. 2020) July 29 – Tony Sirico, American actor (d. 2022) August thumb|100px|Jerry Garcia thumb|100px|Isabel Allende thumb|100px|David Lange thumb|100px|Tobin Bell thumb|100px|Hissène Habré thumb|100px|Isaac Hayes thumb|100px|José Eduardo dos Santos August 1 Jerry Garcia, American musician (d. 1995) Giancarlo Giannini, Italian actor August 2 – Isabel Allende, Chilean writerTim McNeese Isabel Allende https://books.google.com/books?id=IPLmxchjuMMC&pg=PA100 2006 Infobase Publishing 978-1-4381-0680-9 100 August 4 – David Lange, 32nd Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 2005) August 6 – Evelyn Hamann, German actress (d. 2007) August 7 Tobin Bell, American actor Garrison Keillor, American writer and radio hostJudith Yaross Lee Garrison Keillor https://books.google.com/books?id=23y1pltuxkkC&pg=PA3 1991 Univ. Press of Mississippi 978-1-61703-399-5 3 Carlos Monzón, Argentine professional boxer (d. 1995) Caetano Veloso, Brazilian composer, singer, guitarist, writer, and political activist August 9 Jack DeJohnette, American jazz drummer, pianist, and composer (d. 2025) Miguel Littín, Chilean film director, screenwriter, film producer and novelist August 10 – Agepê, Brazilian singer/composer (d. 1995) August 13 Hissène Habré, 1st Prime Minister and 5th President of Chad (d. 2021)Chad's former President Habre, convicted of war crimes, dies in Senegal https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/chads-former-president-habre-convicted-war-crimes-dies-senegal-2021-08-24/ 24 August 2021 Reuters 24 August 2021 April 6, 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20230406223637/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/chads-former-president-habre-convicted-war-crimes-dies-senegal-2021-08-24/ live Robert L. Stewart, American astronaut August 17 – Muslim Magomayev, Soviet, Azerbaijani and Russian singer (d. 2008) August 20 – Isaac Hayes, American singer and actor (d. 2008) August 23 Nancy Richey, American tennis player Susana Vieira, Brazilian actress August 24 Hans Peter Korff, German actor (d. 2025) Karen Uhlenbeck, American mathematician August 25 Imogen Hassall, English actress (d. 1980) Howard Jacobson, British novelist and journalist August 26 – John E. Blaha, American astronaut August 27 Daryl Dragon, American musician (d. 2019) Tom Belsø, Danish motor racing driver (d. 2020) August 28 – José Eduardo dos Santos, 2nd President of Angola (d. 2022) August 29 – Sterling Morrison, American musician (d. 1995) August 30 – John Kani, South African actor, director and playwright September thumb|100px|Al Jardine thumb|100px|Werner Herzog thumb|100px|Emmerson Mnangagwa thumb|100px|Wolfgang Schäuble thumb|100px|Ian McShane September 1 – C. J. Cherryh, American writer September 2 – Robert Shapiro, American lawyer and entrepreneur September 3 Michael Hui, Hong Kong film comedian Al Jardine, American musician September 4 – Raymond Floyd, American golfer September 5 Denise Fabre, French television personality Werner Herzog, German filmmaker Eduardo Mata, Mexican conductor and composer (d. 1995) September 6 Mel McDaniel, American country singer (d. 2011) Carol Wayne, American television and film actress (d. 1985) September 7 – Alan Oakes, English footballer September 8 – Želimir Žilnik, Serbian film director September 9 – The Iron Sheik, Iranian-American wrestler (d. 2023) September 11 – Lola Falana, American singer, dancer, model and actress September 14 – Arturo Macapagal, Filipino shooter (d. 2015) September 15 Wen Jiabao, Premier of China Emmerson Mnangagwa, 3rd President of Zimbabwe September 17 – Lupe Ontiveros, American actress (d. 2012) Robert Graysmith, American true crime author and former cartoonist September 18 – Wolfgang Schäuble, German politician (d. 2023) September 19 – Freda Payne, American singer and actress September 20 – Rose Francine Rogombé, Gabonese lawyer and politician (d. 2015) September 21 – Mahinda Wijesekara, Sri Lankan politician, cabinet minister and MP2026 Hon. Mahinda Wijesekara, M.P. https://www.parliament.lk/en/members-of-parliament/mp-profile/177 2026-04-02 Parliament of Sri Lanka (d. 2026) September 22 Wu Ma, Chinese film actor, director, producer and writer (d. 2014) Marlena Shaw, American jazz singer (d. 2024) David Stern, American commissioner of the National Basketball Association (d. 2020) September 25 – Dee Dee Warwick, American singer (d. 2008) September 26 Ingrid Becker, German athlete Heidemarie Cammerlander, Austrian politicianHeidemarie Cammerlander https://www.wien.gv.at/advuew/internet/AdvPrSrv.asp?Layout=llanzeige&Type=K&PERSONCD=2005110814111622 2023-08-12 Government of Vienna de August 10, 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20230810064310/https://www.wien.gv.at/advuew/internet/AdvPrSrv.asp?Layout=llanzeige&Type=K&PERSONCD=2005110814111622 live September 28 Marshall Bell, American actor Pierre Clémenti, French actor (d. 1999) Tim Maia, Brazilian musician, songwriter and businessman (d. 1998) Justinian Rweyemamu, Tanzania's first major economics scholar (d. 1982) September 29 Yves Rénier, French actor and filmmaker (d. 2021) Felice Gimondi, Italian racing cyclist (d. 2019) Madeline Kahn, American actress (d. 1999) Ian McShane, English actor Bill Nelson, American politician and astronaut Jean-Luc Ponty, French jazz violinist September 30 Gus Dudgeon, English record producer (d. 2002) Frankie Lymon, American singer (d. 1968) Sture Pettersson, Swedish cyclist (d. 1983) October thumb|100px|Britt Ekland thumb|100px|Joy Behar thumb|100px|Amitabh Bachchan thumb|100px|Michael Crichton October 1 – Günter Wallraff, German investigative journalist Jean-Pierre Jabouille, French F1 driver (d. 2023) October 2 – Asha Parekh, Indian actress, film director and producer October 3 Earl Hindman, American actor (d. 2003) Roberto Perfumo, Argentine footballer and sports commentator (d. 2016) October 6 – Britt Ekland, Swedish actress October 7 Ronald Baecker, American computer scientist Joy Behar, American comedian and television personality October 8 Stanley Bates, British actor and screenwriter Nguyễn Minh Triết, 6th President of Vietnam October 9 – Shukri Ghanem, Libyan politician (d. 2012) October 10 Janis Hansen, American singer and author (d. 2017) Radu Vasile, Prime Minister of Romania (d. 2013) October 11 – Amitabh Bachchan, Indian actor, film producer, and television host October 12 – Daliah Lavi, Israeli actress and singer (d. 2017) October 13 Rutanya Alda, Latvian-American actress Jerry Jones, American football team owner October 19 Bronwyn Bishop, Australian politician Andrew Vachss, American author and attorney (d. 2021) October 20 Christel DeHaan, German-American businesswoman and philanthropist (d. 2020) Arto Paasilinna, Finnish writer (d. 2018)https://www.wsoy.fi/uutiset/arto-paasilinna-20-4-1942-15-10-2018 Arto Paasilinna 20.4.1942–15.10.2018 WSOY fi April 6, 2021 October 16, 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181016165851/https://www.wsoy.fi/uutiset/arto-paasilinna-20-4-1942-15-10-2018 live Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard, German biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine October 21 – Judy Sheindlin, American retired judge turned television personality (Judge Judy) October 22 Bobby Fuller, American rock singer, songwriter, and guitarist (d. 1966) Annette Funicello, American actress and singer (d. 2013) Pedro Morales, Puerto Rican professional wrestler (d. 2019) October 23 Michael Crichton, American author (d. 2008)Paul T. Hellmann Historical Gazetteer of the United States https://books.google.com/books?id=REtEXQNWq6MC&pg=PA278 14 February 2006 Routledge 1-135-94859-3 278 Anita Roddick, British businesswoman, human rights activist and campaigner (d. 2007) October 24 – Frank Delaney, Irish-born novelist, journalist and broadcaster (d. 2017) October 25 – Gloria Katz, American screenwriter and film producer (d. 2018) October 26 – Bob Hoskins, British actor (d. 2014) October 27 – Lee Greenwood, American country singer and songwriter October 28 – Kees Verkerk, Dutch speed skater October 29 – Bob Ross, American painter and television presenter (d. 1995) October 31 George Brizan, 8th Prime Minister of Grenada (d. 2012) David Ogden Stiers, American actor and voice-over artist (d. 2018) November thumb|100px|Martin Scorsese thumb|125x125px|Joe Biden thumb|100px|Bob Einstein thumb|100px|Guion Bluford thumb|100px|Sir Billy Connolly thumb|100px|Jimi Hendrix November 1 Larry Flynt, American publisher (Hustler) (d. 2021) Ralph Klein, Canadian politician (d. 2013) Marcia Wallace, American actress and comedian (d. 2013) November 2 Shere Hite, American-born German sexologist (d. 2020) Stefanie Powers, American actress November 6 – Jean Shrimpton, English model and actress November 7 Tom Peters, American writer Johnny Rivers, American musician, singer and songwriter November 8 Angel Cordero Jr., Puerto Rican jockey Sandro Mazzola, Italian footballer (d. 2026) Fernando Sorrentino, Argentine writer November 10 Robert F. Engle, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate Hans-Rudolf Merz, Swiss federal councillor November 11 – K. Connie Kang, Korean American journalist and author (d. 2019) November 15 – Daniel Barenboim, Argentine-born pianist and conductor November 16 – Joanna Pettet, British-born Canadian actress November 17 Derek Clayton, Australian long-distance runner Bob Gaudio, American musician Kang Kek Iew, Cambodian politician and criminal (d. 2020) István Rosztóczy, Hungarian microbiologist (d. 1993) Martin Scorsese, American film director November 18 Linda Evans, American actress Susan Sullivan, American actress November 19 – Calvin Klein, American fashion designer November 20 Joe Biden, 46th President of the United States Bob Einstein, American actor, producer and screenwriter (d. 2019) Norman Greenbaum, American singer-songwriter November 21 – Al Matthews, African-American actor and singer (d. 2018) November 22 Francis K. Butagira, Ugandan ambassador Dick Stockton, American sports announcer Guion Bluford, African-American astronaut November 23 – Susan Anspach, American actress (d. 2018) November 24 – Billy Connolly, Scottish comedian and singer November 25 – Rosa von Praunheim, German film director, author and gay rights activist (d. 2025) November 26 – Olivia Cole, African-American actress (d. 2018) November 27 Manolo Blahnik, Spanish shoe designer Jimi Hendrix, American guitarist (d. 1970) November 28 – Eric Shinseki, American U.S. Army General November 29 Michael Craze, British actor (d. 1998) Philippe Huttenlocher, Swiss baritone November 30 – André Brahic, French astrophysicist (d. 2016) December thumb|100px|Muhammadu Buhari thumb|100px|Paul Butterfield thumb|100px|Hu Jintao thumb|100px|Michael Nesmith December 1 – John Clauser, American quantum physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physicshttps://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2022/press-release/ The Nobel Prize in Physics 2022 2022-10-04 Nobel Prize The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences 2022-10-06 October 4, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221004095754/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2022/press-release/ live December 2 – Francisque Ravony, 7th Prime Minister of Madagascar (d. 2003) December 3 – Alice Schwarzer, German feminist, founder and publisher of German feminist journal EMMA December 4 William "Red" Dawson, American football player and coach Al Hunt, American columnist Gemma Jones, British actress December 6 Chelsea Brown, American actress (d. 2017) Peter Handke, Austrian novelist December 7 Harry Chapin, American singer-songwriter (d. 1981) Reginald Lewis, American businessman (d. 1993) Peter Tomarken, American game-show host (d. 2006) December 8 – Toots Hibbert, Jamaican reggae singer-songwriter (d. 2020) December 9 Dick Butkus, American football player (d. 2023) Billy Bremner, Scottish footballer (d. 1997) December 17 Muhammadu Buhari, Nigerian army general, 7th and 15th President of Nigeria (d. 2025) Paul Butterfield, American musician (d. 1987) December 19 Milan Milutinovic, President of Serbia (d. 2023) Gene Okerlund, American wrestling announcer (d. 2019) December 20 – Bob Hayes, African-American athlete (d. 2002) December 21 Hu Jintao, General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, 6th President of China Carla Thomas, American singer December 22 – Dick Parry, English saxophonist December 24 – Hédi M'henni, Tunisian politician (d. 2024) December 27 Muruga Booker, American drummer, composer, inventor, artist and recording artist Charmian Carr, American actress (d. 2016) Thomas Menino, 53rd Mayor of Boston, Massachusetts (d. 2014) December 29 – Rajesh Khanna, Indian actor (d. 2012) December 30 Betty Aberlin, American actress Vladimir Bukovsky, Russian-born British human rights activist and political dissident (d. 2019) Anne Charleston, Australian actress Allan Gotthelf, American philosopher (d. 2013) Michael Nesmith, American musician, singer-songwriter, producer (d. 2021) Janko Prunk, Slovenian historian Fred Ward, American actor and producer (d. 2022) December 31 – Taufiq Kiemas, 5th First Spouse of Indonesia (d. 2013) Deaths deaths January thumb|100px|Mel Sheppard thumb|100px|Henri de Baillet-Latour thumb|100px|Emil Szramek thumb|100px|Carole Lombard thumb|100px|Racho Petrov thumb|100px|Prince Ludwig Gaston of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha January 2 – Ivande Kaija, Soviet writer and feminist (b. 1876) January 4 Sydney Fairbrother, British actress (b. 1872) Mel Sheppard, American Olympic athlete (b. 1883) Otis Skinner, American actor (b. 1858) January 6 Emma Calvé, French soprano (b. 1858) Henri de Baillet-Latour, 3rd President of the International Olympic Committee (b. 1876) January 9 Heber Doust Curtis, American astronomer (b. 1872) Jan Graliński, Polish general (b. 1895) January 13 Vladimir Ignatowski, Soviet physicist (b. 1875) Emil Szramek, Polish Roman Catholic priest, martyr and saint (b. 1887) Albert Jean Baptiste Marie Vayssière, French biologist and scientist (b. 1854) January 16 Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn, 2nd youngest son of Queen Victoria (b. 1850) Sir Jeremiah Colman, 1st Baronet, British industrialist (b. 1859) Carole Lombard, American actress (b. 1908) January 17 – Walther von Reichenau, German field marshal (b. 1884) January 18 – James P. Parker, United States Navy commodore (b. 1855) January 21 Christiaan Cornelissen, Dutch writer, economic and trade unionist (b. 1864) Isidoro Diéguez Dueñas, Spanish bricklayer (b. 1909) Jesús Larrañaga, Spanish communist leader (b. 1901) January 22 Walter Sickert, British Impressionist painter (b. 1860)Walter Sickert Walter Sickert: The Complete Writings on Art https://books.google.com/books?id=XFOvTvg3j84C&pg=PR39 9 January 2003 Oxford University Press 978-0-19-926169-7 39 Racho Petrov, Bulgarian general and politician, 12th Prime Minister of Bulgaria (b. 1861) January 23 Prince Ludwig Gaston of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (b. 1870) Nazareno Strampelli, Italian agronomist and plant breeder (b. 1866) January 26 – Felix Hausdorff, German mathematician (suicide) (b. 1868) January 27 – Kaarel Eenpalu, Estonian journalist and politician, 7th Prime Minister of Estonia (b. 1888) January 29 – Viktor Esbensen, Norwegian mariner (b. 1881) Alice Sollier, 1887 became the first black French woman to qualify as a medical doctor (b. 1861) February thumb|100px|Ado Birk thumb|100px|Lauri Kristian Relander thumb|100px|Ugo Pasquale Mifsud thumb|100px|Epitácio Pessoa February 2 Ado Birk, Estonian politician, 3rd Prime Minister of Estonia (b. 1883) Leonetto Cappiello, Italian poster designer and painter (b. 1875) February 7 – Dorando Pietri, Italian Olympic athlete (b. 1885) February 8 – Fritz Todt, Nazi German engineer (b. 1891) February 9 – Lauri Kristian Relander, 2nd President of Finland (b. 1883) February 11 Jamnalal Bajaj, Indian industrialist and philanthropist (b. 1889) Sir Ugo Pasquale Mifsud, 3rd Prime Minister of Malta (b. 1889) February 12 – Grant Wood, American painter (b. 1891)Gerry Souter American Realism https://books.google.com/books?id=XXOlCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT286 15 September 2015 Parkstone International 978-1-78310-767-4 286 April 6, 2021 December 7, 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20231207093632/https://books.google.com/books?id=XXOlCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT286#v=onepage&q&f=false live February 13 Otakar Batlička, Czech adventurer and journalist (b. 1895) Epitácio Pessoa, Brazil jurist and politician, 11th President of Brazil (b. 1865) February 14 – Mirosław Ferić, Polish WWII fighter pilot (b. 1915) February 16 – Ettore Arrigoni degli Oddi, Italian ornithologist (b. 1867) February 19 – Frank Abbandando, American gangster (b. 1910) February 20 – Hamad ibn Isa Al Khalifa, Ruler of Bahrain (b. 1872) February 22 – Stefan Zweig, Austrian writer (b. 1881) February 24 – Anton Drexler, German far-right politician (b. 1884)https://spartacus-educational.com/GERdrexler.htm Anton Drexler Spartacus Educational November 14, 2022 November 14, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221114120339/https://spartacus-educational.com/GERdrexler.htm live February 27 Robert William Chapman, Australian engineer and mathematician (b. 1866) Joseph Emile Harley, American army officer and politician (b. 1880) February 28 Karel Doorman, Dutch admiral (b. 1889) Oskar Fischer, Czech Scientist (b. 1876) March thumb|100px|Prince Amedeo, Duke of Aosta thumb|100px|Robert Bosch thumb|100px|Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear March 1 George S. Rentz, United States Navy Chaplain and Navy Cross winner (b. 1882) Cornelius Vanderbilt III, American military officer, inventor, and engineer (b. 1873) March 2 Gustave Anjou, Swedish genealogist (b. 1863) Sergei Solovyov, Soviet Orthodox priest and blessed (b. 1885) March 3 – Prince Amedeo, Duke of Aosta, Italian nobleman and military officer, Viceroy of Italian East Africa (b. 1898) March 4 – Gheorghe Adamescu, Romanian historian and bibliographer (b. 1869) March 7 – Pierre Semard, French Communist leader (b. 1887) March 8 – José Raúl Capablanca, Cuban chess player (b. 1888) March 10 – Frederick Behre, American artist (b. 1863) March 11 José Camprubí, Spanish publisher (b. 1879) Raoul Dandurand, Canadian politician (b. 1861) Mildred Mansel, British suffragette (b. 1868)Mildred Mansel · Suffragette Stories https://suffragettestories.omeka.net/bio-mildred-mansel 2025-05-01 suffragettestories.omeka.net March 12 Robert Bosch, German industrialist, engineer and inventor (b. 1861) Sir William Henry Bragg, British physicist, chemist and mathematician, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1862) Enric Morera i Viura, Andorran composer (b. 1865) March 14 René Bull, British illustrator and photographer (b. 1872) Friedrich Karl Georg Fedde, German botanist (b. 1873) March 15 – Vasile Demetrius, Austro-Hungarian-born Romanian writer, poet and translator (b. 1878) March 17 – Nada Dimić, Yugoslav Communist leader (b. 1923) March 20 – Vasily Kalafati, Soviet and Russian composer (b. 1869) March 21 – J. S. Woodsworth, Canadian politician (b. 1874) Václav Morávek, Czech general and warrior (b. 1904) March 23 Ludwig von Höhnel, Austrian naval officer and explorer (b. 1857) Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear, 20th President of Argentina (b. 1868) March 24 – George Shiras III, American politician and one-term U.S. representative (1903–1905), son of George Shiras Jr. (b. 1859) March 26 – Gustav Hinrichs, German-born American conductor and composer (b. 1850) March 27 Jannion Steele Elliott, British ornithologist and naturalist (b. 1871) John W. Wilcox Jr., American admiral (lost overboard) (b. 1882) Julio González, Spanish sculptor and painter (b. 1876) March 28 – Miguel Hernández, Spanish poet and playwright (b. 1910) April thumb|100px|Lucy Maud Montgomery April 2 – Édouard Estaunié, French novelist (b. 1862) April 4 James Bede, American politician (b. 1856) Jan Daszewski, Polish fighter pilot (b. 1916) April 6 – Isidro Michel López, Mexican military officer, leader of the Mexican Revolution (b. 1870) April 7 – Anandshankar Dhruv, Indian scholar, writer, educationist and editor (b. 1869) April 11 – Frederick Hobbs, New Zealand-born singer and actor (b. 1874) April 12 – Arnold Keppel, 8th Earl of Albemarle, British soldier and politician (b. 1858) April 13 Julia Danzas, Soviet and Russian Roman Catholic religious leader and blessed (b. 1879) Sir James Fergusson, British admiral (b. 1881) April 14 – David Wanklyn, British naval officer, Victoria Cross recipient (b. 1911)LT CDR MALCOLM WANKLYN VC DSO** - LOST AT SEA April 15 Robert Musil, Austrian novelist (b. 1880) Joshua Pim, Irish tennis player (b. 1869) April 16 – Princess Alexandra of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, granddaughter of Queen Victoria (b. 1878) April 17 Renward Brandstetter, Swiss philologist and linguist (b. 1860) Adolph Daniel Edward Elmer, American botanist (b. 1870) Jean Baptiste Perrin, French physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1870) April 18 Grażyna Chrostowska, Polish poet and activist (b. 1921) Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney, American heiress, socialite and sculptor (b. 1875) April 21 – Gustav Stickley, American furniture designer and architect (b. 1858) April 23 – Olga Benário Prestes, German-born Brazilian militant (b. 1908) April 24 Camille du Gast, French pioneer (b. 1868) Deenanath Mangeshkar, Indian singer and composer (b. 1900) Lucy Maud Montgomery, Canadian writer (b. 1874)Montgomery, L. M. (Lucy Maud), 1874-1942 http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n81018346.html id.loc.gov 16 March 2019 March 16, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210316153305/https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n81018346.html live April 25 – Zygmunt Kisielewski, Polish writer (b. 1882) April 30 – Lilian Whiting, American writer and editor (b. 1847) May thumb|100px|Thorvald Stauning thumb|100px|José Abad Santos thumb|100px|John Barrymore May 1 – José Abad Santos, Filipino chief justice of the Supreme Court (b. 1886) May 3 – Thorvald Stauning, 9th Prime Minister of Denmark (b. 1873) May 4 – Józef Czempiel, Polish Roman Catholic priest, martyr and blessed (b. 1883) May 5 – Habib Pacha Es-Saad, 3rd Prime Minister and 2nd President of Lebanon (b. 1867)https://www.the961.com/ain-trez-history-in-photos/ The History Of Ain Trez, Lebanon In 15+ Photos Souad Lazkani·Photos· June 21, 2020 August 31, 2021 August 31, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210831155319/https://www.the961.com/ain-trez-history-in-photos/ live May 7 – Felix Weingartner, Austrian conductor (b. 1863) May 9 – Graham McNamee, American radio announcer (b. 1888) May 10 – Joe Weber, American vaudevillian (b. 1867) May 11 – Sakutarō Hagiwara, Japanese poet and writer (b. 1886) May 12 – Hannu Hannuksela, Finnish general (b. 1893) May 14 – Frank Churchill, American composer (b. 1901) May 16 Kaneko Kentarō, Japanese diplomat and statesman (b. 1853) Bronisław Malinowski, Polish anthropologist (b. 1884) Maria Michał Kowalski, Polish priest and blessed (b. 1871) May 19 – A. E. Waite, British occultist (b. 1857) May 20 John D. Craddock, American politician (b. 1881) Charles E. Dietrich, American politician (b. 1889) John Goodall, English footballer (b. 1863) May 22 – Stjepan Filipović, Yugoslav national hero (b. 1916) May 24 – Ivan Horbachevsky, Austrian chemist and politician (b. 1854) May 25 – Emanuel Feuermann, Austrian cellist (b. 1902) May 27 – Chen Duxiu, General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (b. 1879) May 29 John Barrymore, American actor (b. 1882) Akiko Yosano, Japanese author and poet (b. 1878) May 30 – Félix Cadras, French lace designer and militant (b. 1906) June thumb|100px|Reinhard Heydrich thumb|100px|Frank Irons thumb|100px|Pope John XIX of Alexandria June 4 Eusebio Ayala, 29th President of Paraguay (1921–23, 1932–36) (b. 1875) Reinhard Heydrich, headed the Nazi Reich Main Security Office and was Reich governor of Bohemia and Moravia (b. 1904) Eugene E. Lindsey, United States Navy officer (b. 1905) June 5 Virginia Lee Corbin, American actress (b. 1910) Tamon Yamaguchi, Japanese admiral, killed in action at the Battle of Midway (b. 1892) Ryusaku Yanagimoto, Japanese rear admiral, killed in action at the Battle of Midway (b. 1894) June 7 – Alan Blumlein, British electronics engineer (b. 1903) June 11 Charles Berthézenne, French politician (b. 1871) Michael Kitzelmann, German army officer (b. 1916) June 14 – Fyodor Braun, Soviet-born German scholar (b. 1862) June 15 – Kushal Konwar, Indian freedom fighters (b. 1905) June 18 Jozef Gabčík, Slovak soldier and resistance fighter, a member of the team part of Operation Anthropoid (b. 1912) David Hawthorne, British actor (b. 1888) Jan Kubiš, Czech soldier and resistance fighter, a member of the team part of Operation Anthropoid (b. 1913) Adolf Opálka, Czech soldier and resistance fighter, a member of the team part of Operation Anthropoid (b. 1915) Josef Valčík, Czech soldier and resistance fighter, a member of the team part of Operation Anthropoid (b. 1914) June 19 Ahmad II of Tunis, Ruler of Tunisia (b. 1862) Alois Eliáš, Czech general and politician (b. 1890) Frank Irons, American Olympic athlete (b. 1886) June 21 – Pope John XIX of Alexandria (b. 1855) June 22 – Branko Kadia, Jordan Misja and Perlat Rexhepi, Albanian student activists June 23 – William Couper, American sculptor (b. 1853) June 25 – Arthur Anderson, Australian architect (b. 1868) June 26 John Gary Evans, American politician (b. 1863) Stanisław Skarżyński, Polish army officer (b. 1899) Gene Stack, 1st American major league baseball player to be drafted during World War II as well as the first to die in service (b. 1920) June 30 Billy Bennett, American actor (b. 1887) William Henry Jackson, American photographer (b. 1843)https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/wtc/jackson.html William Henry Jackson (1843-1942), Career Chronology The Library of Congress 2010 29 September 2010 May 23, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210523130258/https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/wtc/jackson.html live July thumb|110px|Refik Saydam thumb|110px|Saint Pauline of the Agonizing Heart of Jesus thumb|110px|Joaquín Sánchez de Toca thumb|110px|Roberto Maria Ortiz thumb|110px|Titus Brandsma thumb|110px|Louis Borno thumb|110px|Leopold Mandić July 1 Peadar Toner Mac Fhionnlaoich, Irish-language writer (b. 1857) Bolesław Wieniawa-Długoszowski, Polish general, diplomat and politician, Interim President of Poland (b. 1881) July 2 Rudi Čajavec, Yugoslav poet (b. 1911) Joseph Domachowski, American politician (b. 1872) July 4 – Józef Kowalski, Polish Roman Catholic priest and blessed (b. 1911) July 8 Louis Franchet d'Espèrey, French general (b. 1856) Refik Saydam, 4th Prime Minister of Turkey (b. 1881) July 9 Kelly Harrell, American surburbia musician (b. 1889) Pauline of the Agonizing Heart of Jesus, Brazilian Roman Catholic religious sister and saint (b. 1865) July 12 – Mary Hayden, Irish historian and activist (b. 1862) July 13 – Joaquín Sánchez de Toca, Spanish conservative politician and Prime Minister of Spain (b. 1852) July 14 – Sébastien Faure, French anarchist and activist (b. 1858) July 15 Wenceslao Vinzons, Filipino politician and resistance leader (bayoneted to death) (b. 1910) Roberto María Ortiz, 24th President of Argentina (b. 1886) July 16 – Sir Alfred Flux, British economist and statistician (b. 1867) July 17 – Tinus de Jongh, South African painter (b. 1885) July 18 George Beeby, Australian politician, judge and author (b. 1869) George Sutherland, British-born American Supreme Court Justice (b. 1862) July 21 – Anton Mervar, Slovenian button accordion manufacturer (b. 1885)US Social Security Death Index July 23 Arístides Chavier Arévalo, Puerto Rican composer and pianist (b. 1867) Adam Czerniaków, Polish engineer and senator (suicide) (b. 1880) July 24 – Edwin Cooper, British architect (b. 1874) July 25 – Tom Reynolds, British actor (b. 1866) July 26 Roberto Arlt, Argentine writer (b. 1900) Titus Brandsma, Dutch Discalced Carmelite friar, Roman Catholic priest and blessed (b. 1881) July 27 Karl Pärsimägi, Estonian fauvist painter (b. 1902) Georgy Safarov, Bolshevik revolutionary and politician (b. 1891) July 28 – Sir Flinders Petrie, British Egyptologist (b. 1853) July 29 – Louis Borno, Haitian lawyer and politician, 28th President of Haiti (b. 1865) July 30 Jimmy Blanton, American bassist (b. 1918) Leopold Mandić, Yugoslav Capuchin friar and Roman Catholic priest and saint (b. 1866) July 31 Jožka Jabůrková, Czech journalist, writer and translator (b. 1896) Sir Francis Younghusband, British explorer and army officer (b.1863) August thumb|100px|Richard Willstätter thumb|100px|Saint Teresa Benedicta of the Cross thumb|100px|Prince George, Duke of Kent August 3 Franciszka Arnsztajnowa, Polish poet and playwright (b. 1865) James Cruze, American actor and director (b. 1884) Guglielmo Ferrero, Italian historian, journalist and novelist (b. 1871) Gustav Indrebø, Norwegian philologist (b. 1889) Richard Willstätter, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1872) August 7 Louis J. Carpellotti, American marine (b. 1918) Charles E. Ford, American film director and producer (b. 1899) Janusz Korczak, Polish educator, author and pediatrician (b. 1878) August 8 – Leopold Janikowski, Polish explorer and ethnographer (b. 1855) August 9 – Terea Benedicta of the Cross, German philosopher, Roman Catholic nun, martyr and saint (assassinated) (b. 1891) August 10 – Kazimierz Dembowski, Polish Roman Catholic clergyman and martyr (b. 1912) August 11 – Sabina Spielrein, Russian physician and psychoanalyst (b. 1885) August 12 Pasquale Amato, Italian baritone (b. 1878) Mykola Burachek, Soviet painter (b. 1871) Phillips Holmes, American actor (b. 1907) August 13 Jorge Cuesta, Mexican chemist, writer and editor (b. 1903) Elina González Acha de Correa Morales, Argentinian educator, scientist and activist (b. 1861) August 15 – Mahadev Desai, Indian independence activist and writer (b. 1892) August 16 – André Heuzé, French director, screenwriter and playwright (b. 1880) August 18 Agathe Lasch, German philologist (b. 1879) Henry DeWitt Hamilton, American general (b. 1863) August 19 – Heinrich Rauchinger, Polish-born Austrian painter (b. 1858)Vierhaus Rudolf Poethen - Schlüter 2011-05-03 Walter de Gruyter 978-3-11-094025-1 206 https://books.google.com/books?id=fGXU6_Wqg60C&pg=PA206 de October 17, 2021 December 7, 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20231207093530/https://books.google.com/books?id=fGXU6_Wqg60C&pg=PA206#v=onepage&q&f=false live August 21 – Kiyonao Ichiki, Japanese army officer (killed in action) (b. 1892) August 22 – Michel Fokine, Soviet choreographer and dancer (b. 1880) August 23 Jorge Colaço, Portuguese painter (b. 1868) Franciszek Dachtera, Polish Roman Catholic priest, martyr and blessed (b. 1910) August 24 Doyle Clayton Barnes, American naval aviator (b. 1912) Edward Kaźmierski, Polish Roman Catholic priest, martyr and blessed (b. 1919) August 25 Prince George, Duke of Kent, 4th eldest son of George V (b. 1902) Józef Lewartowski, Polish politician and revolutionary (b. 1895) August 26 – Irena Bernášková, Czech journalist and resistance member (b. 1904) August 27 – Lev Nussimbaum, Russian and Azerbaijani novelist (b. 1905)The Lives of Two Writers - Yusif Vazir Chamanzaminli and Lev Nussimbaum Azerbaijan International 15 2–4 2011 39 August 28 – Archduke Joseph Ferdinand of Austria (b. 1872) August 29 Charles Urban, American film producer (b. 1867) Fabio Fiallo, Dominican writer, poet and politician (b. 1866) Dominik Jędrzejewski, Polish Roman Catholic priest, martyr and blessed (b. 1886) August 30 – Martin Kirschner, German surgeon (b. 1869) September thumbnail|120px|right|Blessed Adam Bargielski thumbnail|120px|right|Blessed Bronisław Kostkowski September 1 – Clotilde Apponyi, Hungarian women's rights activist and diplomat (b. 1867) September 3 – Rubén Ruiz Ibárruri, Spanish communist leader (b. 1920) September 4 – Herbert A. Calcaterra, American navy sailor (b. 1920) September 5 – François de Labouchère, French pilot (b. 1917) September 7 Cecilia Beaux, American portraitist (b. 1855)Alice A. Carter Cecilia Beaux: A Modern Painter in the Gilded Age https://books.google.com/books?id=axHrAAAAMAAJ 2005 Random House Incorporated 978-0-8478-2708-4 191 April 6, 2021 December 7, 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20231207093525/https://books.google.com/books?id=axHrAAAAMAAJ live Huang Shaoqiang, Chinese painter (b. 1901)黄少强(1901-1942) 谱家国哀愁 写民间疾苦 Huang Shaoqiang (1901-1942) Wrote About the Sorrow of the Country and the Suffering of the People zh 23 March 2009 Southern Metropolis Daily, 2009 Southern Metropolis Daily https://www.gzlib.org.cn/gzlp/151908.jhtml 5 September 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240105062211/https://www.gzlib.org.cn/gzlp/151908.jhtml 5 January 2024 (via Guangzhou Library) September 8 – Adam Bargielski, Polish Roman Catholic priest, martyr and blessed (b. 1903) September 9 – Adele Kurzweil, Austrian Holocaust victim (b. 1925) September 14 Sister Fausta Labrador, Filipino Roman Catholic nun and Servant of God (b. 1858) E. S. Gosney, American philanthropist and eugenicist (b. 1855) September 20 – Kanaklata Barua, Indian freedom fighter (b. 1924) September 27 Fernando Díaz de Mendoza y Guerrero, Spanish actor (b. 1897) Bronisław Kostkowski, Polish Roman Catholic priest, martyr and blessed (b. 1915) September 29 – Matangini Hazra, Indian revolutionary (shot) (b. 1870) September 30 Hans-Joachim Marseille, German World War II fighter ace (b. 1919) Leonīds Breikšs, Latvian poet, journalist and patriot (b. 1908) William V. Pacelli, American politician (b. 1893) October thumb|100px|Blessed Maria Antonina Kratochwil October 1 – Ants Piip, 7th Prime Minister and 1st State Elder of Estonia (b. 1884) October 3 – Olaf Huseby, Norwegian-born American publisher (b. 1856) October 5 Giuseppe Cassioli, Italian painter and sculptor (b. 1865) Dorothea Klumpke, American astronomer, Director of the Bureau of Measurements at the Paris Observatory (b. 1861) October 6 Lorenzo Aguirre, Spanish painter (b. 1884) Wacław Wąsowicz, Polish painter (b. 1891) October 7 – Maria Antonina Kratochwil, Polish Roman Catholic nun, martyr and blessed (b. 1881) October 8 – Effie Ellsler, American actress (b. 1855) October 9 – William T. Hanna, American marine (b. 1920) October 10 – Arnold Majewski, Finnish military hero of Polish descent (killed in action) (b. 1892)Castrén, Klaus: Majewski-suku Suomessa https://web.archive.org/web/20210624202929/https://www.genealogia.fi/genos-old/70/70_38.htm June 24, 2021 , GENOS - journal of the Finnish genealogy society, issue #70/1999. Accessed on 24 June 2021. October 12 – Aritomo Gotō, Japanese admiral (killed in action) (b. 1888) October 13 – Hong Yi, born Li Shutong, Chinese Buddhist artist, art teacher (b. 1880)http://zhejiang.chinadaily.com.cn/jiaxing/2019-10/25/c_420028.htm Li Shutong zhejiang.chinadaily.com.cn June 29, 2022 October 7, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221007115301/http://zhejiang.chinadaily.com.cn/jiaxing/2019-10/25/c_420028.htm live October 15 – Dame Marie Tempest, British actress (b. 1864) October 16 Ulysses Argetsinger, American politician and lawyer, member of the Minnesota House of Representatives (b. 1866)https://www.lrl.mn.gov/legdb/fulldetail?ID=11008 Ulysses G. "Ulyses" Argetsinger - Legislator Record Minnesota Legislative Reference Library 2026-10-09 Leopold Poetsch, Austrian history teacher, high school teacher of Adolf Hitler and Adolf Eichmann (b. 1853) October 18 – Federico Ferrari Orsi, Italian army officer (b. 1886) October 19 – Paul Nikolaus Cossmann, German journalist (b. 1869) October 20 – May Robson, Australian actress (b. 1858) October 22 – Staf De Clercq, Belgian collaborator and nationalist (b. 1884) October 23 – Ralph Rainger, American composer and songwriter (b. 1901) October 24 Dimitri Amilakhvari, French military officer (b. 1906) St John Hutchinson, British barrister and politician (b. 1884) James C. Morton, American actor (b. 1884) October 25 – Gulbrand Lunde, Norwegian chemist and politician, Nazi collaborator (b. 1901)Dahl Hans Fredrik Gulbrand Lunde https://nbl.snl.no/Gulbrand_Lunde 15 November 2023 no 27 January 2023 October 26 – William Finnemann, Filipino Roman Catholic priest, archbishop and servant of God (b. 1882) October 27 – Helmuth Hübener, German youth political activist against the Hitler regime (executed) (b. 1925) October 28 – Alexander von Dassel, German magistrate (b. 1854) October 31 – Emilio Caldara, Italian politician (b. 1868) November thumb|100px|Prince Heinrich XXXIII Reuss of Köstritz thumb|164x164px|Hernando Siles Reyes thumb|100px|Mohammad Ali Foroughi November 1 – Hugo Distler, German composer (b. 1908) November 2 – Elihu Grant, American scholar and writer (b. 1873) November 3 Eric Abrahamsson, Swedish actor (b. 1890) Amédé Ardoin, American musician (b. 1898) November 5 George M. Cohan, American songwriter and entertainer (b. 1878) Kiyoura Keigo, Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1850) November 9 – Edna May Oliver, American actress (b. 1883) November 11 Hector Abbas, Dutch actor (b. 1884) Merton Beckwith-Smith, British army officer (b. 1890) November 12 – Laura Hope Crews, American actress (b. 1879) November 13 Daniel J. Callaghan, American admiral and Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1890) Norman Scott, American admiral and Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1889) November 15 – Prince Heinrich XXXIII Reuss of Köstritz (b. 1879) November 16 – Joseph Schmidt, Polish tenor (b. 1904) November 19 Ilya Fondaminsky, Soviet author (b. 1880) Bruno Schulz, Polish writer and painter (shot) (b. 1892) November 21 Count Leopold Berchtold, Austro-Hungarian foreign minister (b. 1863) J. B. M. Hertzog, Boer General and 3rd Prime Minister of South Africa (b. 1866)https://www.sahistory.org.za/people/james-barry-munnik-hertzog James Barry Munnik Hertzog | South African History Online www.sahistory.org.za July 1, 2021 May 12, 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20230512190247/https://www.sahistory.org.za/people/james-barry-munnik-hertzog live November 23 Tomitarō Horii, Japanese general (b. 1890) Hernando Siles Reyes, Bolivian politician, 31st President of Bolivia (b. 1882) November 24 – Guido Masiero, Italian World War I flying ace and aviation pioneer (b. 1895) November 25 – Mihail Dragomirescu, Romanian aesthetician, theorist and critic (b. 1868) November 26 Mohammad Ali Foroughi, Iranian diplomat, politician, teacher and writer, 3-time Prime Minister of Iran (b. 1877) Sigtryggur Jonasson, Canadian politician (b. 1852) November 27 – Hermann Harms, German botanist (b. 1870) November 28 – Marceli Nowotko, Polish activist (b. 1893) November 29 – William Stamps Farish II, American pioneer (b. 1881) November 30 – Buck Jones, American actor (b. 1891) December thumb|100px|François Darlan December 1 Teddy Sheean, Royal Australian Navy sailor, killed in action at the Battle of Timor (b. 1923) Leon Wachholz, Polish scientist and medical examiner (b. 1867) December 3 – Wilhelm Junk, Czech natural historian, bibliographer and entomologist (b. 1866) December 5 – Richard Tucker, American actor (b. 1884) December 6 Karl Herxheimer, German dermatologist (b. 1861) Amos Rusie, American baseball player and MLB Hall of Famer (b. 1871) December 7 – Orland Steen Loomis, Governor of Wisconsin (b. 1893) December 8 Prince Eitel Friedrich of Prussia (b. 1883) Albert Kahn, American architect (b. 1869) December 9 – Séraphine Louis, French painter (b. 1864) December 12 Robert Danneberg, Austrian politician (b. 1882) Helen Westley, American actress (b. 1875) December 13 Hakeem Fateh Mohammad Sehwani, Indian scholar, poet, literary, journalist and politician (b. 1882) Wlodimir Ledóchowski, Polish Jesuit priest and servant of God (b. 1866) December 17 – Edith Pretty, British landowner (b. 1883) December 19 – Carl Gustav Fleischer, Norwegian general (b. 1883) December 21 – Franz Boas, German anthropologist (b. 1858) December 22 Robert Kosch, Prussian general (b. 1856) Richard-Heinrich von Reuss, German general, (killed in action) (b, 1896). December 23 – Konstantin Balmont, Soviet poet and translator (b. 1867)Richard D. Schupbach Stanford Slavic Studies https://books.google.com/books?id=4NkoAQAAIAAJ 1991 Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures, Stanford University 406 9780926953062 April 6, 2021 December 7, 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20231207093535/https://books.google.com/books?id=4NkoAQAAIAAJ live December 24 – François Darlan, French admiral and politician, 81st Prime Minister of France (assassinated) (b. 1881) December 26 – Jeanne Adnet, French anarchist and socialist (b. 1871) December 27 – William G. Morgan, American inventor of volleyball (b. 1870) December 30 – Sir Neville Henderson, British diplomat (b. 1882) References