1145 papal election

Election of Catholic Pope Eugene III 1145 true 15 February 1145 San Cesareo in Palatio, Rome Corrado Demetri della Suburra Guido Florentinus Gregorio Tarquini Bernardo Pignatelli Eugene III Consécration par EUgène III (Cropped).jpg 1144 1144 papal election 1153 1153 papal election The 1145 papal election followed the death of Pope Lucius II and resulted in the election of Pope Eugene III, the first pope of the Order of Cistercians. thumb|Map of Rome showing the location of San Cesareo in Palatio, south of San Giorgio in Velabro. Election of Eugene III Pope Lucius II, during the whole of his pontificate, had to face the municipal commune at Rome, hostile towards the secular rule of the popes in the Eternal City. The republican faction elected Giordano Pierleoni, brother of the former Antipope Anacletus II, to the post of senator, and demanded that Lucius relinquish all temporal matters into his hands. The pope refused and led a small army against the seat of the commune on Capitol. He was defeated and seriously wounded in this attack, and died on 15 February 1145 in the church of S. Gregorio in clivo scauri.See Bernhardi, pp. 451–452; Robinson, p. 78; and The Catholic Encyclopedia The cardinals present at Rome quickly assembled in the church of San Cesareo in Palatio and on the very same day unanimously elected to the papacy Bernardo Pignatelli,Robinson, p. 78 pupil of St. Bernard of Clairvaux, who was abbot of the Cistercian monastery of S. Anastasio alle Tre Fontane near Rome and probably did not belong to the College of Cardinals.Bernardo's cardinalate is attested in some of the contemporary chronicles (cited by Bernhardi, p. 452 note 4); however, there are doubts concerning their factual accuracy due to lack of other documentary proofs of this affirmation, particularly the silence of Liber Pontificalis and the official papal documents. Bernhardi, pp. 451–452; Brixius, p. 41 no. 7; and Zenker, pp. 185–186 concluded that he was actually promoted to the cardinalate. Refutation by Horn, pp. 42–45. The elect took the name of Eugene III. Due to hostility of the Roman people, his consecration took place in the monastery of Farfa on 18 February 1145.Bernhardi, p. 453; Jaffé, p. 20 Cardinal-electors There were probably 40 cardinals in the Sacred College of Cardinals in February 1145.Reconstruction is based on Brixius, p. 22 note 6, and Horn, pp. 304–305, with the following correction: bishop Rodolfo of Orte (listed by Brixius) has been excluded because he was not a cardinal at that time (Zenker, pp. 52–53). Besides, the elect is not listed as cardinal, although Brixius indicates that he was. Based on examination of the subscriptions of the papal bulls in 1145Jaffé, pp. 7 and 20 and the available data about the external missions of the cardinals, it is possible to establish that no more than 34 cardinals participated in the election: ElectorCardinalatial Title Elevated Elevator NotesCorrado Demetri della SuburraBishop of Sabina1113/14Paschalis IIDean of the College of Cardinals; future Pope Anastasius IV (1153–1154)Theodwin, O.S.B.Bishop of Santa Rufinaca. 1133Innocent IIPietroBishop of Albano17 September 1143Innocent IIGuarino Foscari, Can.Reg.Bishop of Palestrina22 December 1144Lucius IIRainieroPriest of S. Prisca22 December 1139Innocent IIGregorio della SuburraPriest of S. Maria in Trastevere1 March 1140Innocent IITommasoPriest of S. Vitale1 March 1140Innocent IIGilbertoPriest of S. Marco13 March 1142Innocent IINiccoloPriest of S. Ciriaco13 March 1142Innocent IIManfredoPriest of S. Sabina17 December 1143Celestine IIGuido de SummaPriest of S. Lorenzo in Damaso17 December 1143Celestine IIAribertoPriest of S. Anastasia17 December 1143Celestine IIUgo NovariensisPriest of S. Lorenzo in Lucina17 December 1143Celestine IIGiulioPriest of S. Marcello19 May 1144Lucius IIUbaldo Caccianemici, Can.Reg.Priest of S. Croce in Gerusalemme19 May 1144Lucius IIRobert PullenPriest of S. Martino22 December 1144Lucius IIChancellor of the Holy Roman ChurchGuido Puella, Can.Reg.Priest of S. Pudenziana22 December 1144Lucius IIVillano GaetaniPriest of S. Stefano in Monte Celio22 December 1144Lucius IIFuture archbishop of Pisa (1146–1175)Gregorio TarquiniDeacon of SS. Sergio e Bacco9 March 1123Callixtus IIProtodeaconOdone BonecaseDeacon of S. Giorgio in Velabro4 March 1132Innocent IIGuido PisanoDeacon of SS. Cosma e Damiano4 March 1132Innocent IIOttaviano de MonticelliDeacon of S. Nicola in Carcere25 February 1138Innocent IIFuture Antipope Victor IV (1159-1164) Guido de Castro FicecloDeacon of the Holy Roman Church1139Innocent IIPietroDeacon of S. Maria in Portico19 September 1141Innocent IIGregorioDeacon of S. Angelo in Pescheria17 December 1143Celestine IIAstaldo degli AstalliDeacon of S. Eustachio17 December 1143Celestine IIGiovanni Caccianemici, Can.Reg.Deacon of S. Maria Nuova17 December 1143Celestine IIGiovanni PaparoniDeacon of S. Adriano17 December 1143Celestine IIRodolfoDeacon of S. Lucia in Septisolio17 December 1143Celestine IIBerardoDeacon of the Holy Roman Church19 May 1144Lucius IIGiacinto BoboneDeacon of S. Maria in Cosmedin22 December 1144Lucius IIFuture Pope Celestine III (1191–1198)CinzioDeacon of the Holy Roman Church22 December 1144Lucius IIJordan, O.Carth.Deacon of the Holy Roman Church22 December 1144Lucius IIBernard, Can.Reg.Deacon of the Holy Roman Church22 December 1144Lucius II Thirteen electors were created by Pope Innocent II, nine by Celestine II, eleven by Lucius II, one by Pope Callixtus II and one by Pope Paschalis II. Absentees ElectorCardinalatial Title Elevated Elevator NotesAlberic de Beauvais, O.S.B.ClunyBishop of Ostia3 April 1138Innocent IIPapal legate in FranceZenker, p. 18; he did not subscribe any papal bulls between 30 May 1144 and 18 November 1145 (Jaffé, pp. 7 and 20)Imar, O.S.B.ClunyBishop of Tusculum13 March 1142Innocent IIPapal legate in EnglandZenker, pp. 44–45; he did not subscribe any papal bulls between 19 December 1144 and 18 November 1145 (Jaffé, pp. 7 and 20)Guido FlorentinusPriest of S. Crisogono1139Innocent IIProtopriest; papal legate in LombardyKehr, vol. VI/1, p. XXVIII and vol. VI/2, p. XXI; he did not subscribe any papal bulls between May 1144 and April 1145 (Jaffé, pp. 7 and 20)Rainaldo di Collemezzo, O.S.B.Cas.Priest of SS. Marcellino e Pietroca. 1139–1141Innocent IIAbbot of Montecassino (external cardinalZenker, pp. 191–192)Ubaldo AllucingoliPriest of S. Prassede16 December 1138Innocent IIPapal legate in Lombardy;Kehr, vol. VI/1, p. XXVIII and vol. VI/2, p. XXI; Karol Maleczyński, Studia nad dokumentem polskim, Wrocław 1971, p. 61 note 49. He did not subscribe any papal bulls between 30 April 1144 and 21 December 1145 (Jaffé, pp. 7 and 20) future Pope Lucius III (1181–1185)UbaldoPriest of SS. Giovanni e Paolo19 December 1141Innocent IIPapal legate in Poland and DenmarkKarol Maleczyński, Studia nad dokumentem polskim, Wrocław 1971, pp. 55–76; He did not subscribe any papal bulls between 19 February 1144 and 9 October 1145 (Jaffé, pp. 1, 7 and 20) Notes 2 Sources Horn Michael Studien zur Geschichte Papst Eugens III. (1145-1153) Frankfurt am Main de Peter Lang Verlag 1992 Jaffé Phillipp Philipp Jaffé Regesta pontificum Romanorum ab condita Ecclesia ad annum post Christum natum MCXCVIII, vol. II https://archive.org/details/regestapontific00popegoog la Leipzig 1888 Kehr Paul Fridolin Regesta pontificum Romanorum. Italia Pontificia. Vol. I–X http://collections.stanford.edu/publicdomain/bin/search/simple/process?query=Italia+pontificia la SUL Books in the Public Domain 1906–1975 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20060223161732/http://collections.stanford.edu/publicdomain/bin/search/simple/process?query=Italia+pontificia 2006-02-23 Salvador Miranda (historian) Miranda Salvador Election of February 15, 1145 (Eugenius III) https://cardinals.fiu.edu/conclave-xii.htm#1145 The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church Florida International University June 2, 2019 53276621 Robinson Ian Stuart The Papacy 1073–1198. Continuity and Innovation Cambridge University Press Cambridge Medieval Textbooks 1990 0-521-31922-6 Zenker Barbara Die Mitglieder des Kardinalkollegiums von 1130 bis 1159 Würzburg de 1964 Brixius Johannes Matthias Die Mitglieder des Kardinalkollegiums von 1130-1181 R. Trenkel de Berlin 1912 Bernhardi Wilhelm Konrad III https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_juA7AAAAMAAJ Verlag von Dunder & Humblot de Leipzig 1883 collapsed Catholicism Christianity Vatican City y Biblical Studies/Christianity/Roman Catholicism/History y Category:Papal conclave y Category:Roman Catholic Church y Category:Popes y Category:Popes y Category:Christian History y Pope y Category:12th-century elections 1145 Category:1145 in Europe Category:12th century in Catholicism Category:12th century in the Papal States