1995 Aigio earthquake

Earthquake affecting Greece 1995 Aigio earthquake 3–14.2 kmDel Gaudio Pierri Chousianitis 2019Bernard Briole Meyer Lyon-Caen 1997 26 dead, 60–200 injuredKoukouvelas 1998Schwarz Schwarz Oikonomou 2017 Thousands, largest was w 5.6 yLekidis Karakostas Dimitriu Margaris 1999Bernard Briole Meyer Lyon-Caen 1997 Many, largest was w 4.6 yRavnalis Kkalas Papazachos Margaris 2022 0.54 gKoukouvelas 1998 VIIILekidis Karakostas Dimitriu Margaris 1999Papazachos Papaioannou 1997IXPomonis Gaspari Karababa 2014 US$660 million Greece Normal faultingBernard Briole Meyer Lyon-Caen 1997 6.4–6.5 w yLekidis Karakostas Dimitriu Margaris 1999 y 1995 6 15 03:15:48 EET usp0006z34 98709 1995-06-15 00:15:48 38.401 N 22.283 E inline,title en-UK Greece An earthquake struck Western Greece near the coastal city of Aigio at 03:15:48 local time 00:15:48 UTC on 15 June 1995. The second destructive earthquake to strike Greece in a month, it measured 6.4–6.5 on the moment magnitude scale (w). It was assigned a maximum Modified Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe) and EMS-98 intensity of IX (Destructive). The horizontal peak ground acceleration reached 0.54 g and ground velocity peaked at 52 cm/s—the strongest ground motion ever recorded in Greece. Fifteen minutes after the mainshock, a large aftershock struck, causing further damage to Aigio. Faulting occurred on either the Aigion fault or an unnamed offshore fault. Other faults in the region have the potential to produce earthquakes up to w 6.9, which poses a risk to Aigio and the surrounding Gulf of Corinth. Monetary damage from the earthquake reached $660 million (in 1995 USD). Significant destruction occurred; the collapse of two buildings left 26 dead and up to 200 injured. In the aftermath, several countries and organizations provided disaster aid, including search and rescue and refugee assistance operations. Many countries also donated medical supplies, temporary shelter, water treatment equipment, and a ship to house survivors. The Greek government issued seismic loans to aid in the rebuilding of Aigio, though it may have encouraged the construction of taller buildings—increasing Aigio's future seismic hazard. Controversy arose over the lack of a warning for the earthquake, as several sources warned officials that a major earthquake would occur. Tectonic setting Gulf of Corinth basin Western Greece is affected by the ongoing back-arc extension within the Aegean Sea plate caused by the subduction of the African plate in the Hellenic subduction zone.McNeill Collier De Martini Pantosti 2005 Stresses in the region create normal faults to accommodate the 10–15 mm/yr extensional strain.Bernard Briole Meyer Lyon-Caen 1997Pantosti De Martini Koukouvelas Stamatopoulos 2004 In the Gulf of Corinth, faults have formed as a result of these stresses to accommodate some of the fastest known rates of continental extension.De Martini Pantosti Palyvos Lemeille 2004 Crustal normal faults do not extend further than 40 km deep in this region, as at that depth the crust transitions to mantle at the Mohorovičić discontinuity.Sachpazi Galvé Laigle Hirn 2007 The Aigion fault is a north-dipping, west-northwest trending (fault direction), young (at most 300,000 years old) fault that has been growing in the past couple of hundred thousand years through the linking of several fault segments.Koukouvelas Doutsos 1996 The fault is composed of two main segments: an offshore and an onshore portion,McNeill Cotterill Bull Henstock 2007 and they extend for 8.621–12 km combined.Koukouvelas 1998Koukouvelas Doutsos 1996Durand Hok Boiselet Bernard 2017 The fault is also 7–12 km wide.De Martini Pantosti Palyvos Lemeille 2004Durand Hok Boiselet Bernard 2017Bernard Lyon-Caen Briole Deschamps 2006 It started developing at earliest 300,000 years ago, and its slip has increased over time.De Martini Pantosti Palyvos Lemeille 2004McNeill Cotterill Bull Henstock 2007 The onshore Aigion fault has a slip rate between 2.5–4.5 mm 2/yr and 9–11 mm/yr at a dip angle of 50 to 60 degrees with a strike of 100 degrees;Durand Hok Boiselet Bernard 2017Bernard Lyon-Caen Briole Deschamps 2006 the offshore segment slips at 1.8–3.2 mm 2/yr at a dip angle of 60 degrees.De Martini Pantosti Palyvos Lemeille 2004McNeill Cotterill Bull Henstock 2007 It has a throw of 200 m and a dip of 55 degrees to the north.Koukouvelas 1998 The Aigion fault reactivated during this earthquake.Koukouvelas 1998Koukouvelas Doutsos 1996 It showed surface rupturing and produced the largest aftershock. The Aigion fault influences the physical malforming of fan-deltas and associated alluvial plains, thus controlling the geomorphology of a 15 km mi -long mid by 5 km mi -wide mid area.Koukouvelas 1998 There are two other major faults near Aigio. The Eliki fault, which runs near the town of Eliki, and the Psathopyrgos fault, which is near the village of Psathopyrgos. The Eliki fault initially developed between 0.7 and 1 million years ago.Bell McNeill Bull Henstock 2009 The fault is split into two segments: the West Eliki and East Eliki faults. The West Eliki fault is 11-13 km long, and has a dip of 60 degrees; the East Eliki fault runs for 9 km.Bernard Lyon-Caen Briole Deschamps 2006Pavlides Koukouvelas Kokkalas Stamatopoulos 2004 The Psathopyrgos fault is a major fault structure lying at the western end of the Gulf of Corinth. The fault is 8.505 km long, 7 km deep, has a dip of 60 degrees, and a strike of 87 degrees.Durand Hok Boiselet Bernard 2017 Geology thumb|upright=2|alt=ShakeMap map of Mercalli intensities from the earthquake|ShakeMap by the USGS indicating the Modified Mercalli Intensity shaking throughout western Greece Before the earthquake struck, strange phenomena were reported in the region. Minutes before the w 6.4–6.5Recorded 6.2 L y & 6.1–6.2 s y.Lekidis Karakostas Dimitriu Margaris 1999 earthquake struck, people from several areas near the epicenter claimed to have heard the sound of a strong wind in otherwise calm weather. There were also multiple reports of strange animal activity such as dogs running away, and cats being frightened. Earthquake lights were also reported before the shock within a 17 km radius of the epicenter.Soter 1999Theriault St-Laurent Freund Derr 2014 A "bright red glow" was reported shortly before the earthquake struck.Soter 1999 Fifteen minutes after the mainshock, the largest aftershockPomonis Gaspari Karababa 2014 (w 5.6)Recorded 5.4 on the b and s scales. struck and had a maximum Modified Mercalli intensity (MMI) of VI. Thousands of aftershocks were recorded daily while temporary seismometers were stationed in the vicinity of the epicenter.Bernard Briole Meyer Lyon-Caen 1997 Strong ground motion Peak ground acceleration This earthquake struck only a few weeks after a devastating s 6.6 earthquake struck Greece.Papadopoulos 1997 That event took place near Kozani on May 13, as the result of normal faulting.Papanastassiou Drakatos Voulgaris Stavrakakis 1998 The Aigio earthquake a month later also took place as the result of normal faulting, on either the Aigion faultKoukouvelas 1998Koukouvelas Doutsos 1996 or an offshore fault.Bernard Briole Meyer Lyon-Caen 1997McNeill Collier De Martini Pantosti 2005McNeill Cotterill Bull Henstock 2007 Studies disagree over the rupture characteristics. Computed and recorded accelerogram values indicate that inhabitants near the epicenter experienced 0.54 g of horizontal acceleration, as well as up to 0.20 g of vertical acceleration, which was double the maximum expected in the region according to the new Greek Seismic Code, updated only months before.Lekidis Karakostas Dimitriu Margaris 1999Bernard Briole Meyer Lyon-Caen 1997Koukouvelas 1998 Ground velocity peaked at 52 cm/s, the strongest ground motion ever recorded in Greece. The peak ground motion lasted for 0.45 seconds, and strong ground motion lasted for 5 seconds. Aigio experienced the strongest shaking, and as a result, had the most damage from the earthquake.Lekidis Karakostas Dimitriu Margaris 1999 The United States Geological Survey (USGS) ShakeMap for the event overestimates shaking near Aigio in comparison to synthetic modeling, likely as the result of the strong ground motion that was recorded at one station near Aigio.Mavroeidis Dang Moharrami 2018 The maximum MMI was VIII (Severe), and the maximum EMS-98 was IX (Destructive).Lekidis Karakostas Dimitriu Margaris 1999Pomonis Gaspari Karababa 2014 Surface faulting The Aigion fault showed detectable surface rupturing of less than 4 cm.Bernard Briole Meyer Lyon-Caen 1997 There are two main theories as to how the mainshock occurred. The first is that it occurred on the Aigion fault. The given length of rupture along the Aigion fault is 6.7-7.2 km.Koukouvelas 1998Koukouvelas Doutsos 1996 The length of visible surface ruptures align with expectations for an earthquake of this size.Koukouvelas Doutsos 1996 The other theory explaining the mainshock is rupture along a low-angle normal fault 15 km to the northeast of Aigio, and north of the Eliki fault. The fault has estimated dimensions of either 9 km east to west, and 15 km along dip, or a length of 12.61 km, with a width of 9.45 km. Slip estimates range from 0.87 m to 1.483 m.Bernard Briole Meyer Lyon-Caen 1997Nitti Bovenga Nutricato Refice 2006 This scenario explains the surface rupture as secondary features created as the result of the high ground motion of the mainshock rather than true slip along the Aigion fault—as proven by GPS and InSAR data. The study also concludes that the earthquake likely increased the chances of an earthquake on the Aigion fault itself.Bernard Briole Meyer Lyon-Caen 1997 Impact thumb|right|alt=Image of Erateini's coast well after the earthquake|The coast of Erateini where coastal effects of the earthquake were observed The shallow depth and strong ground motion contributed to the death toll and monetary costs. The earthquake caused 26 deaths. Sources disagree on the number of injuries; reports soon after the earthquake claimed 60 injuries occurred, but papers published decades later report 200 injuries.Schwarz Schwarz Oikonomou 2017Athanasopoulou Despoiniadou Dritsos 2008 The event also left 2,100 homeless in Aigio alone,Schwarz Schwarz Oikonomou 2017 and 15,000 people total were displaced. Deaths occurred in two parts of Aigio: at a collapsed apartment on Despotopoulon Street, and in the village of Valimitika where a hotel collapsed, killing 16. At the same hotel, an 8-year-old boy was successfully rescued after being stuck under rubble for 44 hours. Among the dead were 10 French tourists. Aigio and Eratini sustained substantial damage, most occurring in northern Aigio.Langhammer Schwarz Loukopoulus Abrahamczyk 2006 Six buildings totally collapsed,Pomonis Gaspari Karababa 2014 but reports also differ on how many buildings were damaged beyond repair. A 1999 research paper claims 1071 structures were irreparable,Lekidis Karakostas Dimitriu Margaris 1999 and a 2017 conference paper claims this number to be 1887.Schwarz Schwarz Oikonomou 2017 In Aigio, 2.5 percent of all buildings were designated unsafe to enter and many were demolished.Lekidis Karakostas Dimitriu Margaris 1999 In downtown Aigio, at least 163 buildings had non-reparable damage, and a further 443 suffered repairable damage.Schwarz Schwarz Oikonomou 2017 Damage was most prevalent in central and eastern Aigio.Pomonis Gaspari Karababa 2014 The event was felt in Athens, Ioannina, Kalamai, Kardhitsa, Kozani, and Kefallinia; up to 225 km away from the epicenter. The aftershock caused further damage including several building collapses.Pomonis Gaspari Karababa 2014 Geological effects Many surface effects were attributed to this earthquake, including liquefaction, submarine landslides, coastal retreat, and ground fissures. East-west oriented scarp formed from this event in the vicinity of Aigio.Lekkas Lozios Skourtsos Kranis 1998 Scarps measuring 0.5-1 m were observed near the Eliki River Delta.Papatheodorou Ferentinos 1997 The main shock caused widespread liquefaction to several types of infrastructure. Liquefaction reportedly occurred over a 10 km area near the coast between the mouth of the Selinountas River and Cape Trypias.Lekkas Lozios Skourtsos Kranis 1998 Sand boils formed near Diakofto.Lekidis Karakostas Dimitriu Margaris 1999 In Erateini, liquefaction, underwater landslides, coastal changes, and rockfalls were reported. Along the north coast, liquefaction was sparse, mostly occurring near Erateini. Ground fissures were observed along the coast near Aigio between the Selinountas and Vouraikos rivers, as well as near Avythos. They varied in length up to dozens of meters, with a maximum depth of 60 cm. These fissures formed as a result of the strong shaking.Lekkas Lozios Skourtsos Kranis 1998 Sediment failure was found at four sites within a 9 km radius of the epicenter.Papatheodorou Ferentinos 1997 Drastic coastal changes were observed, such as at Erateini, where the shoreline moved 2–3 m inland. Cape Trypias experienced dozens of meters of inundation. On land, there were only a few scattered rockfalls, although the coastal retreat and some other factors indicated a large submarine landslide. Later oceanographic surveys of the area provided more evidence and detail of these landslides.Lekkas Lozios Skourtsos Kranis 1998 A tsunami with a run-up of 1 m was measured near Aigio's coast.Beckers Beck Hubert-Ferrari Reyss 2017Papadopoulos Fokaefs 2005 Response Shortly after the earthquake struck, the United Nations Department of Humanitarian Affairs sent a team of six rescue dogs along with an advanced rescue team from the Swiss Disaster Relief unit. A French team with dogs and medical supplies arrived to the scene to help out with search and rescue (SAR) operations. A second Swiss team with a 35-strong SAR team was also deployed to the affected areas. Other countries such as Germany and Denmark offered extra assistance, but the Greek authorities decided that the French and Swiss operations were sufficient for the relatively small scale disaster. By the next day, UK, German, and Danish-based rescue organizations had offered SAR assistance, and the government of Italy alerted an SAR team, its fire brigade, and health assistance unit. SAR operations in Aigio ceased a week after the earthquake, which rescued 68 people.Pomonis Kappos Karababa Panagopoulos 2011 Italy also offered 20 houses for 100 people, power generators, potable water treatment equipment, and the rescue ship San Marco to sustain the living needs of 400 people, which Greece accepted. Japan's government released 50 large tents and 1,000 blankets to help the affected people. To aid in reconstruction in the aftermath of the event, the government created a financing program to ease monetary losses. The program allowed people to take out 'seismic loans', of which 30% was free, and the remaining 70% was interest-free. These loans actually encouraged building bigger and taller buildings, which may have made the area more vulnerable to future earthquakes.Athanasopoulou Despoiniadou Dritsos 2008 Some buildings damaged by the earthquake were reinforced with concrete to make them more stable.Langhammer Schwarz Loukopoulus Abrahamczyk 2006 Controversy Concern arose regarding the lack of an issued earthquake warning for the area by Greece's Earthquake Planning and Protection Agency. Panayiotis Varotsos, a University of Athens professor, employed his controversial VAN technique which he developed to forecast earthquakes. The system works by using electrical signals in the ground to predict earthquakes. Another warning came from Gerasimos Papadopoulos, a professor at the Geodynamic Institute of the National Observatory of Athens. His reasoning for issuing the alert was that a recent previous earthquake in northwestern Greece would cause another event within two months. As a result, a prosecutor accused Dimitris Papanikolaou—the director of the Greek earthquake planning and protection agency—of ignoring multiple warnings about the earthquake. This was met with outrage by the scientific community, and the acting director of the Geodynamic Institute of the National Observatory of Athens stated that the prosecutor would have changed his mind if he listened to Papanikolaou's colleagues.Masood 1995 Future hazard thumb|upright=3|right|alt=Topographic map of the Gulf of Corinth with overlays of the epicenter of the earthquake and active faults|Map of main active faults on the northern and southern margins of the Gulf of Corinth and epicenter of the 1995 earthquake The city of Aigio, and more broadly the Gulf of Corinth, lies atop a large seismogenic zone (100-130 km long and 20-40 km wide) that accommodates 1-1.5 cm/yr of north–south rifting within the Aegean Sea plate.McNeill Collier De Martini Pantosti 2005Bernard Lyon-Caen Briole Deschamps 2006Bell McNeill Bull Henstock 2009Tsimi Soulakellis Kairis Ganas 2007 A network of normal faults have developed to accommodate the deformation, including a series of linked large faults near populated areas such as the Psathopyrgos, Aigion, and Eliki faults.McNeill Collier De Martini Pantosti 2005Durand Hok Boiselet Bernard 2017Bernard Lyon-Caen Briole Deschamps 2006 Many of these faults are in the later stages of their earthquake cycles, and may be ready to produce w 6.0–6.7 earthquakes in the coming decades.Bernard Lyon-Caen Briole Deschamps 2006 The Aigio area is struck by w 6 events roughly every 120 years, and the area in the southern Gulf of Corinth can generate events up to w 6.9 in a multi-fault rupture scenario.Koukouvelas 1998Bernard Lyon-Caen Briole Deschamps 2006 On the Psathopyrgos fault, major earthquakes occur at a frequency of every 350 years, with an estimated uncertainty of 175 years. The last known major earthquake to occur on this section of fault struck in 1756, which means that the fault is around 75% of the way through its cycle. Simulations show earthquakes with maximum moment magnitudes up to w 6.42 taking place along the fault, and the maximum accumulated slip deficit (amount of built up energy since the last major earthquake) could cause a w 6–6.5 event.Durand Hok Boiselet Bernard 2017Bernard Lyon-Caen Briole Deschamps 2006 The 1995 Aigio earthquake may have put more strain on the fault, allowing it to slip sooner.Bernard Briole Meyer Lyon-Caen 1997 Earthquake activity along the Aigion fault is well documented, with events recorded in 1748, and 1817.Bernard Lyon-Caen Briole Deschamps 2006 The recurrence interval between large ruptures on the Aigion fault is roughly 390 ± 195 years.Durand Hok Boiselet Bernard 2017 The eastern portion of the Aigion fault lies near where the Eliki fault slipped in an earthquake in 1861, although the Aigion fault is a few kilometers to the north and may act as a step-over.Bernard Briole Meyer Lyon-Caen 1997 The fault could rupture with the Psathopyrgos fault to its west and create a w 6.42 event, and empirical relations, as well as accumulated slip deficit, suggest a maximum of a w 6.5 earthquake.Pantosti De Martini Koukouvelas Stamatopoulos 2004Durand Hok Boiselet Bernard 2017Bernard Lyon-Caen Briole Deschamps 2006 The Eliki or Helike faults are responsible for three known major events, occurring in 373 BC, 1861, and 1888. The role of the western fault is unknown, due to the lack of earthquake activity along its western portion.Bernard Lyon-Caen Briole Deschamps 2006 In 373 BC, a strong earthquake, potentially occurring on the Eliki fault, destroyed the ancient city of Helike.McNeill Collier De Martini Pantosti 2005 In 1861, an s 6.6 earthquake struck the area and ruptured 13 km of the Eliki fault.McNeill Collier De Martini Pantosti 2005Ambraseys Jackson 1998 Maximum observed offset from the event was 220 cm.Ambraseys Jackson 1998 In 1888, another event struck, but this time on the western portion of the fault system. It was a magnitude 6-6.6 event with slip of 0.5-1.20 m. This section of the fault may be close to rupturing, and can produce another earthquake of similar size to the one in 1888.Bernard Lyon-Caen Briole Deschamps 2006 Slip rate is estimated at 2.4–5 mm/yr.Bell McNeill Bull Henstock 2009 The accumulated slip deficit on only the western portion of the fault is enough to create a w 6.6 earthquake.Bernard Lyon-Caen Briole Deschamps 2006 The 1995 Aigio earthquake may have accommodated some of the stress that the Eliki fault was experiencing, thereby increasing the amount of time until the next major earthquake on the fault.Bernard Briole Meyer Lyon-Caen 1997 See also 1981 Gulf of Corinth earthquakes List of earthquakes in 1995 List of earthquakes in Greece Notes References Significant Earthquake Database https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/5413 National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS) National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA 10.7289/V5TD9V7K 1972 Data Set Greece – Earthquake Information Report No. 1 https://reliefweb.int/report/greece/greece-earthquake-information-report-no-1 ReliefWeb 15 June 1995 6 September 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220906023257/https://reliefweb.int/report/greece/greece-earthquake-information-report-no-1 live Greece – Earthquake Information Report No. 2 https://reliefweb.int/report/greece/greece-earthquake-information-report-no-2 ReliefWeb 15 June 1995 6 September 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220906023258/https://reliefweb.int/report/greece/greece-earthquake-information-report-no-2 live Greece – Earthquake Information Report No. 3 https://reliefweb.int/report/greece/greece-earthquake-information-report-no-3 ReliefWeb 16 June 1995 6 September 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220906023256/https://reliefweb.int/report/greece/greece-earthquake-information-report-no-3 live Greece – Earthquake Information Report No. 4 https://reliefweb.int/report/greece/greece-earthquake-information-report-no-4 ReliefWeb 21 June 1995 6 September 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220906023255/https://reliefweb.int/report/greece/greece-earthquake-information-report-no-4 live https://www.mixanitouxronou.gr/quot-den-fovamai-tora-egina-andras-quot-i-sygklonistiki-diasosi-toy-mikroy-andrea-sti-quot-chartini-quot-polykatoikia-toy-aigioy-ti-ekane-ta-tessera-podilata-poy-toy-charisan/ Greek "Δεν φοβάμαι. Τώρα έγινα άνδρας". Η συγκλονιστική διάσωση του μικρού Ανδρέα στη "χάρτινη" πολυκατοικία του Αιγίου. Τι έκανε τα τέσσερα ποδήλατα που του χάρισαν... mixanitouxronou.gr 15 June 2022 "I'm not afraid. Now I have become a man." The shocking rescue of little Andreas in the "paper" apartment building of Aigio. What did he do with the four bikes he was given?... M 6.5 – 8 km WNW of Galaxídhion, Greece https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usp0006z34/executive United States Geological Survey 14 June 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220614050045/https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usp0006z34/executive live M 5.4 – 3 km E of Galaxídhion, Greece https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usp0006z35/executive United States Geological Survey 11 September 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220911024415/https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usp0006z35/executive live Sources Ambraseys N. N. Jackson J. A. 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Moho topography under central Greece and its compensation by Pn time-terms for the accurate location of hypocenters: The example of the Gulf of Corinth 1995 Aigion earthquake Tectonophysics 2007 440 1–4 53–65 10.1016/j.tecto.2007.01.009 2007Tectp.440...53S 0040-1951 https://www.wcee.nicee.org/wcee/article/16WCEE/WCEE2017-3874.pdf Long-term Evaluation of Post-disaster Reconstruction and Impacts of Natural Hazards on Urban Transformation -The case study of Aigio, Greece Schwarz A. Schwarz J. Oikonomou Maria January 2017 Santiago, Chile 16WCEE 2017 3874 Soter S. Macroscopic seismic anomalies and submarine pockmarks in the Corinth–Patras rift, Greece Tectonophysics 1 July 1999 308 1–2 275–290 10.1016/S0040-1951(99)00090-6 1999Tectp.308..275S https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0040195199000906 15 September 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220915052315/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0040195199000906 live subscription Theriault R. St-Laurent F. Freund F. Derr J. Prevalence of Earthquake Lights Associated with Rift Environments Seismological Research Letters January 2014 85 1 159–178 10.1785/0220130059 2014SeiRL..85..159T Tsimi C. Soulakellis N. Kairis O. Ganas A. Valmis S. Morphotectonics of the Psathopyrgos active fault, western Corinth Rift, central Greece Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 1 January 2007 40 500 10.12681/bgsg.16657 134851055 free Further reading Tselentis G.-A. Evidence for stability in coda Q associated with the Egion (central Greece) earthquake of 15 June 1995 Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 1997 87 6 1679–1684 10.1785/BSSA0870061679 1997BuSSA..87.1679T 55167107 Tselentis G.-A. Melis N. S. Sokos E. Papatsimpa K. The Egion June 15, 1995 (6.2M L ) earthquake, western Greece Pure and Applied Geophysics June 1996 147 1 83–98 10.1007/BF00876437 1996PApGe.147...83T 129887525 Vallianatos F. Michas G. Papadakis G. Sammonds P. A non-extensive statistical physics view to the spatiotemporal properties of the June 1995, Aigion earthquake (M6.2) aftershock sequence (West Corinth rift, Greece) Acta Geophysica 10 March 2012 60 3 758–768 10.2478/s11600-012-0011-2 2012AcGeo..60..758V 129775432 External links 98709 Category:1995 disasters in Greece Category:1995 earthquakes Category:1995 in Greece 1995 earthquake Category:Earthquakes in Greece Category:History of Central Greece Category:June 1995 in Europe