2001 Einstein

Asteroid October 2019 yes 2001 Einstein #D6D6D6 002001-asteroid shape model (2001) Einstein.png Shape model of Einstein from its lightcurve P. Wild Zimmerwald Obs. 5 March 1973 (2001) Einstein 1973 EB Albert Einstein (physicist)     main-beltHungaria 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5) 0 43.43 yr (15,864 days) 2.1242 AU 1.7430 AU 1.9336 AU 0.0986 2.69 yr (982 days) 150.59° 0.3666 ms / day 22.683° 357.08° 217.74° 3.975 0.154 km5.66 km (calculated) 5.4846 0.0001 h5.485 0.002 h5.48503 0.00005 h (S)5.487 0.001 h 0.40 (assumed)0.810 0.169 X (Tholen), Xe (SMASS)XEB–V = 0.720U–B = 0.261 12.85 2001 Einstein (prov. designation: 1973 EB) is a bright Hungaria asteroid from the innermost region of the asteroid belt. It was discovered by Swiss astronomer Paul Wild at Zimmerwald Observatory near Bern, Switzerland, on 5 March 1973. The X-type asteroid (Xe) has a rotation period of 5.5 hours and measures approximately 5 km mi off us in diameter. It is named after physicist Albert Einstein (1879–1955). Orbit and classification Einstein is a member of the Hungaria family, which form the innermost dense concentration of asteroids in the Solar System. It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 1.7–2.1 AU once every 2 years and 8 months (982 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.10 and an inclination of 23° with respect to the ecliptic. As no precoveries were taken, the asteroid's observation arc begins with its discovery in 1973. Naming This minor planet was named in honour of the German-born, Swiss–American physicist and Nobelist Albert Einstein (1879–1955). It is considered suitable, that the body discovered at Bern is named after the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics laureate, since it was the place where he had his golden years while working as a clerk at the Swiss Patent Office in Bern. He is also honored by the lunar crater Einstein. The official 2001 naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 15 October 1977 (M.P.C. 4237). Arthur C. Clarke joked in the postscript of his novel 3001: The Final Odyssey that he was hoping asteroid 2001 would be named after him, but it was named for Einstein first. Asteroid 3001 was named 3001 Michelangelo. Clarke was later honoured with asteroid 4923 Clarke, named together with 5020 Asimov. Physical characteristics The Tholen classification, Einstein is an X-type asteroid, while in the SMASS classification, it is an Xe-subtype which transitions from the X-type to the very bright E-type asteroid. Rotation period Several rotational lightcurves for this asteroid were obtained from photometric observations. In December 2004, the first lightcurve by American astronomer Brian Warner at his Palmer Divide Observatory (PDS) in Colorado, gave a rotation period of 5.487 hours with a brightness variation of 0.66 in magnitude (U=3). Between 2008 and 2012, three additional lightcurves at the PDS gave an almost identical period of 5.485 hours with an amplitude of 0.67, 0.74 and 1.02, respectively (U=3/3/3). Other lightcurves were obtained by Hanuš at the French CNES and other institutions, which gave a period of 5.48503 hours (U=n.a.), and by Italian astronomer Federico Manzini at SAS observatory in Novara, Jean Strajnic and Raoul Behrend from December 2012, which rendered a period of 5.4846 hours with an amplitude of 0.66 in magnitude (U=2+). Diameter and albedo According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's space-based Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), the asteroid measures 4.0 km in diameter and its surface has an exceptionally high albedo of 0.81, for which WISE assigns an E-type. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a lower, yet still high albedo of 0.40 and hence calculates a larger diameter of 5.7 kilometers, as the lower the albedo, the larger the body's diameter for a constant absolute magnitude. References 30em 2016-08-10 last obs. JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 2001 Einstein (1973 EB) https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2002001 Jet Propulsion Laboratory 3 July 2017 Dictionary of Minor Planet Names Schmadel Lutz D. Springer Berlin Heidelberg (2001) Einstein 162 2007 978-3-540-00238-3 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_2002 2001 Einstein (1973 EB) Minor Planet Center https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=2001 1 April 2016 Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – Addendum to Fifth Edition (2006–2008) Appendix – Publication Dates of the MPCs Schmadel Lutz D. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 221 978-3-642-01964-7 10.1007/978-3-642-01965-4 Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (2001) Einstein Behrend Raoul Geneva Observatory http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page4cou.html#002001 20 May 2016 3 August 2003 https://web.archive.org/web/20030803183423/http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page4cou.html#002001 dead 2001 1 April 2016 6 A. Mainzer T. Grav J. Masiero E. Hand J. Bauer D. Tholen R. S. McMillan T. Spahr R. M. Cutri E. Wright J. Watkins W. Mo C. Maleszewski November 2011 NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2011ApJ...741...90M The Astrophysical Journal 741 2 25 2011ApJ...741...90M 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90 1109.6407 20 May 2016 Warner Brian D. September 2005 Asteroid lightcurve analysis at the Palmer Divide Observatory - winter 2004-2005 Minor Planet Bulletin http://www.minorplanet.info/MPB/issues/MPB_32-3.pdf 32 3 54–58 2005MPBu...32...54W 1052-8091 18 March 2020 18 March 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200318042157/http://www.minorplanet.info/MPB/issues/MPB_32-3.pdf Warner Brian D. October 2008 Asteroid Lightcurve Analysis at the Palmer Divide Observatory: February-May 2008 Minor Planet Bulletin http://www.minorplanet.info/MPB/issues/MPB_35-4.pdf 35 4 163–166 2008MPBu...35..163W 1052-8091 18 March 2020 17 March 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200317170259/http://www.minorplanet.info/MPB/issues/MPB_35-4.pdf dead Warner Brian D. April 2010 Asteroid Lightcurve Analysis at the Palmer Divide Observatory: 2009 September–December Minor Planet Bulletin http://www.minorplanet.info/MPB/issues/MPB_37-2.pdf 37 2 57–64 2010MPBu...37...57W 1052-8091 18 March 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200318042154/http://www.minorplanet.info/MPB/issues/MPB_37-2.pdf 18 March 2020 dead Warner Brian D. April 2013 Asteroid Lightcurve Analysis at the Palmer Divide Observatory: 2012 September - 2013 January Minor Planet Bulletin http://www.minorplanet.info/MPB/issues/MPB_40-2.pdf 40 2 71–80 2013MPBu...40...71W 1052-8091 18 March 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200318042154/http://www.minorplanet.info/MPB/issues/MPB_40-2.pdf 18 March 2020 dead 6 Hanuš J. Ďurech J. Oszkiewicz D. A. Behrend R. Carry B. Delbo M. Adam O. Afonina V. Anquetin R. Antonini P. Arnold L. Audejean M. Aurard P. Bachschmidt M. Baduel B. Barbotin E. Barroy P. Baudouin P. Berard L. Berger N. Bernasconi L. Bosch J. -G. Bouley S. Bozhinova I. Brinsfield J. Brunetto L. Canaud G. Caron J. Carrier F. Casalnuovo G. Casulli S. Cerda M. Chalamet L. Charbonnel S. Chinaglia B. Cikota A. Colas F. Coliac J. -F. Collet A. Coloma J. Conjat M. Conseil E. Costa R. Crippa R. Cristofanelli M. Damerdji Y. Debackère A. Decock A. Déhais Q. Déléage T. Delmelle S. Demeautis C. Dróżdż M. Dubos G. Dulcamara T. Dumont M. Durkee R. Dymock R. Escalante del Valle A. Esseiva N. Esseiva R. Esteban M. Fauchez T. Fauerbach M. Fauvaud M. Fauvaud S. Forné E. Fournel C. Fradet D. Garlitz J. Gerteis O. Gillier C. Gillon M. Giraud R. Godard J. -P. Goncalves R. Hamanowa Hiroko Hamanowa Hiromi Hay K. Hellmich S. Heterier S. Higgins D. Hirsch R. Hodosan G. Hren M. Hygate A. Innocent N. Jacquinot H. Jawahar S. Jehin E. Jerosimic L. Klotz A. Koff W. Korlevic P. Kosturkiewicz E. Krafft P. Krugly Y. Kugel F. Labrevoir O. Lecacheux J. Lehký M. Leroy A. Lesquerbault B. Lopez-Gonzales M. J. Lutz M. Mallecot B. Manfroid J. Manzini F. Marciniak A. Martin A. Modave B. Montaigut R. Montier J. Morelle E. Morton B. Mottola S. Naves R. Nomen J. Oey J. Ogłoza W. Paiella M. Pallares H. Peyrot A. Pilcher F. Pirenne J. -F. Piron P. Polińska M. Polotto M. Poncy R. Previt J. P. Reignier F. Renauld D. Ricci D. Richard F. Rinner C. Risoldi V. Robilliard D. Romeuf D. Rousseau G. Roy R. Ruthroff J. Salom P. A. Salvador L. Sanchez S. Santana-Ros T. Scholz A. Séné G. Skiff B. Sobkowiak K. Sogorb P. Soldán F. Spiridakis A. Splanska E. Sposetti S. Starkey D. Stephens R. Stiepen A. Stoss R. Strajnic J. Teng J. -P. Tumolo G. Vagnozzi A. Vanoutryve B. Vugnon J. M. Warner B. D. Waucomont M. Wertz O. Winiarski M. Wolf M. February 2016 New and updated convex shape models of asteroids based on optical data from a large collaboration network http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2016A&A...586A.108H Astronomy and Astrophysics 586 24 2016A&A...586A.108H 10.1051/0004-6361/201527441 1510.07422 20 May 2016 Spratt, Christopher E. April 1990 The Hungaria group of minor planets http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=1990JRASC..84..123S Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada 123–131 84 2 0035-872X 1990JRASC..84..123S 1 April 2016 6 Joseph R. Masiero A. K. Mainzer T. Grav J. M. Bauer R. M. Cutri J. Dailey P. R. M. Eisenhardt R. S. McMillan T. B. Spahr M. F. Skrutskie D. Tholen R. G. Walker E. L. Wright E. DeBaun D. Elsbury T. IV Gautier S. Gomillion A. Wilkins November 2011 Main Belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE. I. Preliminary Albedos and Diameters http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2011ApJ...741...68M The Astrophysical Journal 741 2 20 2011ApJ...741...68M 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/68 1109.4096 8 December 2016 External links 3Kn3s98KRYw The Palmer Divide Observatory: Tour given by Brian Warner (time 4:03 min.) Lightcurve plot of 2001 Einstein, Palmer Divide Observatory, B. D. Warner (2012) Lightcurve Database Query (LCDB), at www.minorplanet.info 2000 Herschel 2001 2002 Euler 002001 Category:Discoveries by Paul Wild (Swiss astronomer) Category:Named minor planets 2001 002001 002001 19730305