1919 United States Army Air Service aircraft designation system

Aircraft designation system used by the United States Army Air Service December 2012 1919 United States Army Air Service aircraft designation system, despite not being named that way initially, or Specifications for military aircraft217b or Aircraft classification190128 was a first attempt of U.S. Army to standardize the role-based requirements for designs needed for creation of aircraft which meet all military requirements up to date of ever being used.Army Appropriation Bill, 1920. Hearings Before the Committee on Military Affairs, House of Representatives, Sixty-fifth Congress, Third Session· Volumes 1–2, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1919401 The intent was to avoid future shock U.S. felt for years after WWI. The design requirements started slowly clarifying what exactly they have to build having no types to be based on.403 Initially the nine proposed roles (types) of aircraft for its designs' development410 was later raised to fifteen4Army appropriation bill, 1921. Hearings before Subcommittee No. 1 of the Committee on Military Affairs, House of Representatives, Sixty-sixth Congress, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1920414–416 and, first, two (further later) of miscellaneous/specials10217b–218b14 unofficially called in common as Type XVIFrom Huffman Prairie to the Moon. The History of Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Lois E. Walker, Shelby E. Wickam, 1986190Splendid Vision, Unswerving Purpose. Developing Air Power for the United States Air Force During the First Century of Powered Flight, Aeronautical Systems Center (U.S.) History Office, 2002128 History From 1919 until 1924, the United States Army Air Service used a system to designate the types of aircraft it was operating, based on role and specific characteristics of the aircraft. When first instituted, Roman numerals were used to number the designations in use. These numerals were only applied to the first fifteen types before being abandoned. Air-cooled and Water-cooled refer to the engines installed, while Pursuit was the name given to fighter aircraft in the US Army, at that time. The system was replaced by the 1924 United States Army Air Service aircraft designation system.October 2026 Specifications List of design specifications provided was based on the World War I experience of both allies and US. Next one was proposed to unify the US army related military planes:AIR SERVICE INFORMATION CIRCULAR (AVIATION) Vol. V No, 402, AIRCRAFT DEVELOPMENT SINCE THE ARMISTICE by United States Army Air Service on 1923-01-154All the World's Aircraft. Volume 14. Part 1924, 1924 TypeType designating lettersType of AircraftDates in useExamplesMinimum requirementsIPWSingle-seat, Water-cooled, Day Pursuit1921-1928Engineering Division PW-1, Loening PW-2, Loening PW-2A, Loening PW-2B, Orenco PW-3, Gallaudet PW-4, Orenco D-2, Thomas-Morse MB-3, Boeing MB-3A145 mph 2,5 h flight @ 15k-foot altitude + 0,5 h at ground level with 525 pounds of useful load, and, fixed, one .30-caliber and one .50-caliber machine gun, climb 20k feet in 21 mins, ceiling @23750 feet5IIPNSingle-seat, Air-cooled or Water-cooled, Night Pursuit1921Curtiss PN-1127 mph @10kfoot alt, climb @15k feet in 20 minutes, ceiling @21000 feet, 2,5(@15kfeet)+0,5h(ground) flight, useful load of 554 pounds, fixed two .30 caliber machine guns5IIIPASingle-seat, radial or rotary Air-cooled, Day Pursuit1922Loening PA-1,AIR SERVICE INFORMATION CIRCULAR (AVIATION) Vol. IV No, 358, STATIC TEST OF THE LOENING PA-1 SINGLE-SEATER PURSUIT AIRPLANE, Director of Air Service, 1922-07-01 Nieuport-27, Nieuport-28135 mph 2,5 h flight @ 15k-foot altitude + 0,5 h at ground level with 532 pounds of useful load, and, fixed, one .30-caliber and one .50-caliber machine gun, climb from 15k to 24k feet in 30 mins, ceiling @25000 feet5IVPGArmoredEngineering Division, Dayton, Ohio, Technical Order No.17, June, 192011 single-seat, air-cooled or water-cooled, Pursuit Ground Attack1922Engineering Division PG-1, Fokker V-40internally braced monoplane mounting the 400 horsepower Liberty 12-cylinder engine. This airplane, designed and constructed by Mr. Anthony H. G. Fokker, has a welded steel tube fuselage, veneer-covered canti lever wings of all-wood construction, and removable armor plate protecting the pilot, power plant, and fuel tanks6/400 h.p. "Liberty" cantilever monoplane with welded steel fuselage and veneer wings. The armour is removable., Aeromarine PG-1125 mph 1,5 h flight @ ground level altitude with fixed level are required. The offensive armament consists of one .50-caliber or one 11 M/M machine gun and one 37 M/M cannon. The crew, power plant, and fuel tanks are completely armored6VTPTwo-seat, Air-cooled or Water-cooled, Day Pursuit1922Engineering Division TP-1, Le Pere biplaneunsupercharged engine:130 mph 2,5 h flight @ 15k-foot altitude + 0,5 h at ground level with 944 pounds of useful load, climb 20k feet in 30 mins, ceiling @22000 feet/supercharged engine: 145 mph @ alts between 17k and 31k feet, climb 20k in 21mins and 25k in 28 mins and 30k in 37 mins, ceiling 34000 feet, 2h @20k feet alt + 0,5 h at ground level// both equipped to take a 300-bomb load and, fixed, one 30-caliber and one 50-caliber fixed machine gun, two .30-caliber flexible machine guns, and one .30-caliber flexible floor machine gun.6VIGAThree-seat, Armored Ground AttackAIR SERVICE INFORMATION CIRCULAR (AVIATION) Vol. II No, 163, TECHNICAL ORDERS №21, May, 192151920-1922Engineering Division GA-1, Boeing GA-1, Boeing GA-26VIIILInfantry Liaison1919Orenco IL-17VIIINONight Observation1925Douglas XNO-17IXAOArtillery Observation1924Atlantic AO-17XCOCorps Observation1922-1924Dayton-Wright DH-4B, Dayton-Wright DH-4B1, Engineering Division CO-1, Engineering Division CO-2, Engineering Division XB-1A, Dayton-Wright DH-4BW, Dayton-Wright DH-4B7XIDBDay Bombardment1920-1923Gallaudet DB-1, Gallaudet DB-1B, Engineering Division USD-9A, Airco DH-98XIINBSNight Bombardment, Short Distance1921-1924Martin MB-2, Martin NBS-1, Curtiss NBS-1, L-W-F NBS-1, Aeromarine NBS-1AIR SERVICE INFORMATION CIRCULAR (AVIATION AND AEROSTATION) Vol. iV No, 381, Technical Bulletin No. 31. DEVELOPMENT OF MILITARY AIRCRAFT MATERIAL FOR UNITED STATES AIR SERVICE UNDER SUPERVISION OF ENGINEERING DIVISION, Direction of Chief of Air Service, December, 1922-January, 192398XIIINBLNight Bombardment, Long Distance1923Witteman-Lewis XNBL-1, Barling NBL-18XIVTATrainer, Air-cooled1921-1924Elias TA-1, Huff-Daland TA-2, Dayton-Wright TA-3, Huff-Daland TA-3, Engineering Division TA-4, Huff-Daland TA-5, Thomas-Morse S-4-C, Huff-Daland TA-6,10 Fokker TA-1, Fokker TA-2, Fokker TA-39XVTWTrainer, Water-cooled1920-1923Curtiss JN-4D, Curtiss JN-4H, Cox-Klemin TA-2, Engineering Division TW-1, Cox-Klemin TW-2, Dayton-Wright TW-3, Dayton-Wright TA-5119 Special Another ones to be unified as non-military ones was proposed and implemented gradually, as needed:http://www.personal.psu.edu/dob104/aviation/us/system.html U.S. Military Aircraft Designation Systems Derek Bridges 3 December 2006 7 August 2016 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20160304200158/http://www.personal.psu.edu/dob104/aviation/us/system.html 4 March 2016 TypeType designating lettersType of AircraftInitiatedDates in useExamplesMinimum requirementsn/aAAmbulance>19231919-1925Cox-Klemin XA-1, Fokker A-2n/aGGlider>19231922Engineering Division G-1, Engineering Division G-212specialMSingle-seat, Air-cooled, Messenger1919-1921Engineering Division Messenger airplane, Verville-Sperry M-1 Messenger10specialPSSingle-seat, Air-cooled or Water-cooled, Alert (defending service airdromes from hostile air attack)1923Dayton-Wright XPS-1, Dayton-Wright PS-110n/aRRacer>19231921-1923Verville-Packard R-1, Thomas-Morse R-2, Verville-Sperry R-3, Loening R-4, Thomas-Morse R-5, Curtiss R-6, Curtiss R-8n/aSSeaplane>19231921-1924Loening S-1n/aTTransport>19231919-1923Martin T-1, Fokker T-2, Lowe-Willard-Fowler T-3 References Citations Bibliography U.S. Military Aircraft Designations and Serials since 1909, John M. Andrade, Midland Counties Publications, England, 1979, 0-904597-22-9 The American Fighter: The Definitive Guide to American Fighter Aircraft from 1917 to the Present, Enzo Angelucci, Peter Bowers, 1987 Aviation in the U.S. Army, 1919-1939, Maurer Maurer, United States Air Force Historical Research Center, 1987 Category:American military aviation Category:United States Army Air Forces lists United States