0s BC

Last 9 years of the BC era y August 2026 the first century 1st century BC the first millennium 1st millennium BC 2 300 Spas_vsederzhitel_sinay_(cropped1).jpg Christ Pantocrator Herodian_Tetrarchy_political_map.svg Map of the Herodian Tetrarchy Druso_in_Germania-pt.svg Map showing Drusus' campaigns in Germania (contorniate_Médaillon_Horace_Rome_(...)Horace_(0065-0008_btv1b11343890r_1_(cropped).jpg Medallion depicting Horace Clockwise from upper left: Jesus is generally considered to be born this decade. Historians usually consider his birth to be between 7 BC and 4 BC; Herod the Great dies in 4 BC, and the Kingdom of Judea is split; Horace and Maecenas die in 8 BC, marking the end of the Golden Age of Latin Literature; Drusus's campaigns in Germania end after he falls from a horse and dies. 0 The 0s BC is the period between 9 BC and 1 BC, the last nine years of the before Christ era. It is one of two "0-to-9" decade-like timespans that contain nine years, along with the 0s. This is a list of events that occurred during the 0s BC, ordered chronologically. Events 9 BC Roman Empire January 30 – The la Ara Pacis no ("Altar of Augustan Peace"), which was voted for by the Senate four years earlier, is dedicated.Conlin Diane Atnally https://books.google.com/books?id=RkFdminDxkoC&pg=PA3 The Artists of the Ara Pacis: The Process of Hellenization in Roman Relief Sculpture 1997 UNC Press Books 978-0-8078-2343-9 en Pannonia is incorporated into the Roman Empire as a part of Illyria.Pannonia — United Nations of Roma Victrix Nero Claudius Drusus, Emperor Augustus' stepson, begins a campaign against the Marcomanni, but dies soon after, due to a fall from his horse.Levick Barbara https://books.google.com/books?id=Ev4CkGHgfMUC&dq=Nero+Claudius+Drusus+death&pg=PA11 Claudius 1990 Yale University Press 978-0-300-05831-4 en Arabia Aretas IV Philopatris ascended to become the King of the Nabataeans (modern Jordan).Healey J. F. https://books.google.com/books?id=hbO9CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA30 The Religion of the Nabataeans: A Conspectus 2015 BRILL 978-90-04-30148-1 en 8 BC Roman Empire King Maroboduus becomes ruler of the Marcomanni7, 1, 3, p. 290; Marcus Velleius Paterculus, Compendium of Roman History 2, 108 and fights against the Roman Empire's expansion in Bohemia. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Maroboduus Maroboduus 20 March 2016 britannica.com Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. 21 June 2020 Maroboduus, (died AD 37, Ravenna, Italy), king of the Marcomanni who organized the first confederation of German tribes. India Strato II, the last Indo-Greek king, rules the eastern Punjab alongside his co-regent son Strato III (r. c.25BC – AD10) Germania Arminius, son of a Cheruscan chieftain, is taken as a hostage to Rome, where he receives a military education.Arminius Encyclopædia Britannica Ultimate Reference Suite 2014 Encyclopædia Britannica ChicagoDurschmied Erik The Weather Factor 11 April 2013 Hodder & Stoughton 978-1-4447-6965-4 https://books.google.com/books?id=ESY980GKv3cC&pg=PA1759 en 1759 After 20 years, Emperor Augustus initiates his second census of the Roman Empire.https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Augustus/Res_Gestae/2*.html#ref36 LacusCurtius • Res Gestae Divi Augusti (II) penelope.uchicago.edu en 2017-02-22 Sextilis, the eighth month of the early Julian calendar, is renamed Augustus (August) by a decree of the Roman Senate in honor of Augustus.Preserved by Macrobius, Saturnalia 1.12.35; entry on calendarium, in William Smith, A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (John Murray, London, 1875), at LacusCurtius. 7 BC Han China May 7 – Emperor Ai becomes the emperor of Han China.Barbieri-Low Anthony J. Law, State, and Society in Early Imperial China Robin D. S. Yates Yates Robin D.S. BRILL 2015 978-90-04-30053-8 Recognized Rulers of the Qin and Han Dynasties and the Xin Period https://books.google.com/books?id=1W3sCgAAQBAJ&pg=PR19 Roman Empire Augustus' second census of the Roman Empire reports a total of 4,233,000 citizens.https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Augustus/Res_Gestae/2*.html#ref39 LacusCurtius • Res Gestae Divi Augusti (II) penelope.uchicago.edu en 2017-02-22 However, the specific criteria of the census are still not clear.Hin Saskia Counting Romans 2007-11-01 SSRN Scholarly Paper https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1426932 2024-02-16 Social Science Research Network Rochester, NY en 10.2139/ssrn.1426932 1426932 subscription The city of Rome is divided into 14 administrative regions.The Fourteen Regions of Augustus (Platner & Ashby, 1929) https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/PLATOP*/Regiones_Quattuordecim.html 2024-02-16 LacusCurtius Astronomy Appearance of a very bright triple conjunction of the royal star Jupiter and Saturn in the sign of Pisces (land in the west) in May until December of that year since 854years, with a retrogradation and stationing on November 12. Robert A. Powell (1996) proposes that this is the birth date of Jesus.Powell Robert A. Chronicle of the living Christ : the life and ministry of Jesus Christ : foundations of cosmic Christianity 1996 Anthroposophic Press Hudson, NY 9780880104074 68 6 BC Roman Empire Tiberius retires to Rhodes, to the inconvenience of Emperor Augustus.Pettinger Andrew https://books.google.com/books?id=-ynivDfkESQC&pg=PA62 The Republic in Danger: Drusus Libo and the Succession of Tiberius 2012 OUP Oxford 978-0-19-960174-5 62ff en He is recalled to Rome years later in AD 4, becoming Augustus' adopted son and heir following the deaths of Lucius and Gaius Caesar. 5 BC Astronomy March – Probable nova in the constellation Aquila.Matthews Roberts Why Don't Spiders Stick to Their Webs Oxford Oneworld 2011 978-1-85168-900-2 66 c.December – Probable supernova in the constellation Capricornus. 4 BC Roman Empire Herod the Great dies, which causes unrest in his client kingdom of Judea. His son, Herod Archelaus, becomes the new ruler. Herod Antipas becomes tetrarch of Galilee and Perea,and the governor of Syria, Publius Quinctilius Varus, marches down to Jerusalem from Antioch to restore order; around 3000 Jews are crucified.Evans Craig A. https://books.google.com/books?id=fXoLwJ3LZFkC&pg=PA139 Of Scribes and Sages: Ancient versions and traditions 2004 A&C Black 978-0-567-08083-7 137–140 Korea Namhae becomes king of the Korean kingdom of Silla.List of Rulers of Korea https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/koru/hd_koru.htm www.metmuseum.org 21 April 2019 3 BC Han China A drought strikes Shandong.Charles A. Frazee Two Thousand years ago Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing 2002 133 978-0-8028-4805-5 https://books.google.com/books?id=RQ-KxFL6MokC&pg=PA133 Roman Empire The Pont Julien was constructed in modern southern France.Julien Bridge. Avignon & Provence 2 BC Roman Empire February 5 – Augustus is proclaimed pater patriae ("father of the country") by the Roman Senate. This bestowed title is the logical consequence and final proof of Augustus' supreme position as princeps, the first in charge over the Roman state.Swan Peter M. 2004 The Augustan Succession Oxford University Press 103–104 978-0-19-534714-2 https://books.google.com/books?id=26s6CG8LffsC&pg=PA103 Julia the Elder, a daughter of Augustus, is exiled on charges of treason and adultery to Pandateria; her mother Scribonia accompanies her.Velleius Paterculus, 2.100Cassius Dio 55.10 The Forum Augustum is dedicated.John E. Stambaugh The Ancient Roman City 1988 Baltimore Johns Hopkins University Press 54 0-8018-3574-7 Parthia Phraates V and his mother Musa become rulers of the Parthian Empire following the murder of Phraates IV. Armenia Tigranes IV and Erato are restored to the throne after deposing Artavasdes III. 1 BC Han dynasty August 15 – Emperor Ai dies and is succeeded by his 8-year-old cousin Ping, who is enthroned on October 17. Wang Mang is appointed regent by Empress Dowager Wang Zhengjun, his aunt.Bowman John Stewart 2000 Columbia Chronologies of Asian history and Culture New York Columbia University Press 12 978-0-231-50004-3 51542679 https://books.google.com/books?id=cYoHOqC7Yx4C Furth Charlotte 1991 Passions of the Cut Sleeve: The Male Homo[sex]ual Tradition in China. By Bret Hinsch. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990. xvii, 232 pp. $22.50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2058567 The Journal of Asian Studies 50 4 911–912 10.2307/2058567 2058567 0021-9118 subscription Former regent Dong Xian, who was previously Ai's lover, commits suicide with his wife. Roman Empire Gaius Caesar marries Livilla, (daughter of Antonia Minor and Nero Claudius Drusus) in an effort to gain prestige.Cassius Dio - Book 55 https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/55*.html#10 2021-05-25 penelope.uchicago.edu The Roman theatre in Cartagena, which was built by Gaius and Lucius Caesar, finishes construction.Cartagena Roman Theatre Museum https://murciatoday.com/cartagena-roman-theatre-museum_1943-a.html 2021-05-26 murciatoday.com Aulus Caecina Severus was appointed consul by Emperor Augustus, succeeding Cossus Cornelius Lentulus Gaetulicus and Lucius Calpurnius Piso.Syne Ronald Anatolica : studies in Strabo 1995 Clarendon Press 0-19-814943-3 30318791 India In the Satavahana dynasty, Kunatala Satakarni is succeeded by Satakarni II.Singh Rajesh Kumar Ajanta Paintings: 86 Panels of Jatakas and Other Themes. Hari Sena 2013 9788192510750 15–16 Zeionises, an Indo-Scythian satrap, begins his rule in the northern Indian subcontinent (r. c.10BC – AD10). Year unknown Kingdom of Kush 1 BC: Natakamani succeeds Amanishakheto as the King of Kush.Garlake Peter S. https://books.google.com/books?id=Q-P5fGXeX2AC Early Art and Architecture of Africa 2002 Oxford University Press 978-0-19-284261-9 en Roman Empire 9 BC: Livy completes compilation of his Ab Urbe Condita Libri, 142 books covering the history of Rome since its foundation to the present.II Livius 790–796 William Ramsay William Ramsay (classical scholar) 2 BC: The Aqua Alsietina (or Aqua Augusta), which was a Roman aqueduct in Rome, is constructed during the reign of Augustus.http://www.romanaqueducts.info/aquasite/romalsietina/index.html Roman aqueducts: Rome Aqua Alsietina (Italy) www.romanaqueducts.info 2023-09-22 Births 9 BC Ping, Chinese emperor of the Han dynasty (d. AD 6) Quintus Asconius Pedianus, Roman historian (d. AD 76) 8 BC Wang, Chinese empress of the Han dynasty (d. AD 23) 5 BC January 15 – Guang Wu, Chinese emperor of the Han Dynasty (d. AD 57) Aemilia Lepida, Roman noblewoman and fiancée of Claudius (d. AD 43) Domitia Lepida, daughter of Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus and Antonia Major (d. AD 54) Lucius Vitellius the Elder, Roman consul and governor of Syria (d. AD 51) John the Baptist (d. c.AD 30) 4 BC Approximate date – Seneca the Younger, Córdoban-born Roman Stoic philosopher, statesman and dramatist (d. AD 65) 3 BC December 24 – Servius Sulpicius Galba, Roman emperor in AD 69.https://www.britannica.com/biography/Galba Galba Roman Emperor, Death of Nero, Murder Britannica 2023-08-03 www.britannica.com en 2023-09-22 2 BC Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus, father of Nero Smith William William Smith (lexicographer) Ahenobarbus (10), Gnaeus Ahenobarbus Smith William Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology 1 86 Little, Brown and Company Boston 1867 http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/0095.html . Year unknown Jesus, first-century Jewish religious leader and founder of Christianity (d. AD 33). Modern estimates are usually between 7–4BCTom Spears Star of Wonder Ottawa Citizen A7 2005-12-04 "Michael Molnar announced 10 years ago his conclusion that the Star of Bethlehem was in fact a double eclipse of Jupiter in a rare astrological conjunction that occurred in Aries on March 20, 6 BC, and again on April 17, 6 BC. ... Mr. Molnar believes that Roman astrologers would have interpreted the double-eclipse as signifying the birth of a divine king in Judea." However, astronomical software such as Stellarium shows that on March 20, the occultation of Jupiter by the Moon could not be seen from Rome, as the Moon passed by the planet without obscuring it. Furthermore, the event on April 17 began when Jupiter was 38 degrees above the horizon, at 2pm, i.e. in daylight, so it is extremely unlikely that this event would have been seen either.James D.G. Dunn James Dunn (theologian) Jesus Remembered 2003 978-0-8028-3931-2 Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing https://books.google.com/books?id=G4qpnvoautgC 344 Dionysius Exiguus assigned the date 1BC in his Anno Domini;James D. G. Dunn, Jesus Remembered, Eerdmans Publishing (2003), page 324. Tertullian, Eusebius and Epiphanius date it to approximately 2BC.Beyer David Chronos, Kairos, Christos II: Chronological, Nativity, and Religious Studies in Memory of Ray Summers 1998 Mercer University Press 978-0-86554-582-3 Vardaman Jerry 85–96 Josephus Reexamined: Unraveling the Twenty-Second Year of Tiberius https://books.google.com/books?id=mWnYvI5RdLMC&pg=PA93 Deaths 9 BC Nero Claudius Drusus, son of Livia and stepson of Augustus (b. 38 BC) 8 BC November 27 – Horace, Roman lyric poet and writer (b. 65 BC)https://www.britannica.com/biography/Horace-Roman-poet February 22, 2024 Horace Michael Grant Encyclopaedia Britannica Gaius Maecenas, Roman politician and advisor (b. 70 BC) Polemon I, Roman client king of the Bosporan Kingdom Xu, Chinese empress of the Han dynasty 7 BC April 17 – Cheng, Chinese emperor of the Han dynasty (b. 51 BC) Aristobulus IV, Jewish prince of Judea (b. 31 BC) Geumwa of Dongbuyeo, Korean king Zhao Hede, Chinese consort of the Han dynasty 6 BC Lady Ban (or Ban Jieyu), Chinese concubine and poet (b. 48 BC) Feng Yuan (or Zhaoyi), Chinese concubine of the Han Dynasty Liu Xiang, Chinese scholar, editor of Shan Hai Jing and compiler of Lienü zhuan, father of Liu Xin (b. 77 BC) Soseono, Korean queen of Goguryeo (b. 67 BC) 5 BC Acme (enslaved woman), Jewish slave and personal maid in the service of the Empress Livia Drusilla, wife of Augustus Curia, Roman noblewoman and wife of Quintus Lucretius Vespillo 4 BC March or April – Herod the Great, king of Judea (b. 73 BC);Herod Biography & Facts https://www.britannica.com/biography/Herod-king-of-Judaea Encyclopedia Britannica 7 April 2019 en some authors date his death to 1 BC (see Date of Herod's death). Antipater, Jewish heir and son of Herod the Great Malthace, Jewish woman and wife of Herod the Great Marcus Porcius Latro, Roman rhetorician Marcus Tullius Tiro, Roman writer, freedman of Cicero 2 BC Fu, Chinese Grand Empress of the Han dynasty Iullus Antonius, Roman consul and son of Mark Antony (b. 43 BC) Phraates IV, king of the Parthian Empire 1 BC August 15 – Ai of Han, Chinese emperor of the Han dynasty (b. 27 BC)Fairbank John The Cambridge History of China: Volume 1, The Ch'in and Han Empires, 221 BC-AD 220 https://books.google.com/books?id=A2HKxK5N2sAC&q=Emperor+Ai+of+Han+%2215+august%22&pg=PA227 1986 Cambridge University Press 9780521243278 227Loewe Michael Crisis and Conflict in Han China https://books.google.com/books?id=BrJqDwAAQBAJ&q=Emperor+Ai+of+Han+%2215+august%22&pg=PT190 2018 Routledge 9780429849107 1974 Dong Xian, Chinese politician and commander-in-chief (b. 23 BC) Xiaoai, Chinese empress and wife of Ai of HanThomsen Rudi Ambition and Confucianism : a biography of Wang Mang 1988 Aarhus University Press 87-7288-155-0 [Aarhus, Denmark] 19912826 Zhao Feiyan, Chinese empress and wife of Cheng of Han (b. 45 BC)Peterson Barbara Bennett 2015 Notable women of China: Shang dynasty to the early twentieth century Armonk, New York M. E. Sharpe (Routledge) 75–77 978-0-7656-0504-7 41231560 https://books.google.com/books?id=kJ4ECwAAQBAJ&pg=PT75 Year unknown Cleopatra Selene II, Ptolemaic princess of Egypt Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Greek historianClaridge Amanda Rome: An Oxford Archaeological Guide 1998 Oxford University Press 9780192880031 33 registration https://archive.org/details/romeoxfordarchae00aman/page/33 Fu, Chinese grand empress of the Han Dynasty Significant people thumb|alt=Painting of the Adoration of the Magi by Albrecht Altdorfer|Albrecht Altdorfer's painting the Adoration of the Magi (made c.1530) is one of several works of art concerning the Nativity of Jesus. Though Jesus's exact birthdate is unknown (other than it would have occurred sometime during this decade)Adherents.com Number of Christians in the world http://www.adherents.com/Na/Na_173.html https://web.archive.org/web/20090802095648/http://www.adherents.com/Na/Na_173.html 2009-08-02 usurped 2009-09-10 Tigranes IV, King of Armenia, r. 12–1BC Erato, Queen of Armenia, 8–5BC, 2BC – AD2, AD6–11 Artavasdes III, King of Armenia, r. 5–2BC Jesus Christ, Jewish preacher and central figure of Christianity, (c.4BC – c.AD33) Ariobarzan of Atropatene, Client King of Armenia, r. 1BC – AD2 Cheng Di, Emperor of Han dynasty China, r. 32–7BC Ai Di, Emperor of Han dynasty China, r. 7–1BC Ping Di, Emperor of Han dynasty China, r. 1BC – AD5 Wang Mang, Chinese statesman and future emperor of China Dong Xian, Han dynasty Chinese official under Emperor Ai of Han Antiochus III, King of Commagene, r. 12BC – AD17 Arminius, Germanic war chief (18/17BC – AD21) Arshak II, King of Caucasian Iberia, r. 20BC – AD1 Strato II and Strato III, co-kings of the Indo-Greek Kingdom, r. 25BC – AD10 Kunatala Satakarni, king of the Satavahana dynasty, r. 9–1BC Satakarni III, king of the Satavahana dynasty, r. 1BC – AD1 Zeionises, Indo-Scythian satrap in the northern Indian subcontinent, r. c.10BC – AD10 Lugaid Riab nDerg, legendary High King of Ireland, r. 33–9BC Conchobar Abradruad, legendary High King of Ireland, r. 9–8BC Crimthann Nia Náir, legendary High King of Ireland, r. (8BC – AD9) Suinin, legendary Emperor of Japan, r. 29BC – AD70 Amanishakheto, King of Kush, r. 10–1BC Natakamani, King of Kush, r. 1BC – AD20 Ma'nu III, King of Osroene, r. 23–4BC Abgar V, King of Osroene, r. 4BC – AD7, AD13–50 Phraates IV, king of the Parthian Empire, r. 38–2BC Phraates V, king of the Parthian Empire, r. 2BC – AD4 Musa of Parthia, mother and co-ruler with Phraates V, r. 2BC – AD4 Caesar Augustus, Roman Emperor (27BC – AD14) Nero Claudius Drusus, Roman Consul, in office 9 BC Gaius Caesar, Roman general Livy, Roman historian Ovid, Roman poet Quirinius, Roman nobleman and politician Tiberius, Roman general, statesman, and future emperor. Herod the Great, client king of Judea Hillel the Elder, Jewish scholar and Nasi of the Sanhedrin, in office c.31BC – AD9 Shammai, Jewish scholar and Av Beit Din of the Sanhedrin, in office 20BC – AD20 Hyeokgeose, King of Silla, r. 57BC – AD4 References Hinsch, Bret. (1990) Passions of the Cut Sleeve. University of California Press.