1861 Mendoza earthquake

Violent earthquake in Argentina Mendoza - Plaza Pedro del Castillo luego del terremoto de 1861.JPG Ruins in the Plaza Pedro del Castillo in the city of Mendoza after the 1861 earthquake. 1861 Mendoza earthquake Argentina yes 1861-03-21 March 20, 1861 11:30 PM 7.2 s y IX 30 km -32.54 -68.54 inline,titlehttp://www.ceresis.org/portal/catal_hipo.php Consulta al Catálogo de Hipocentros (1520–1981) (search page) Ceresis Spanish 1 March 2011 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20110720150121/http://www.ceresis.org/portal/catal_hipo.php 20 July 2011 Argentina, Mendoza Province Thrust faultSchmidt S. Hetzel R. Mingorance F. Ramos V.A. 2011 Coseismic displacements and Holocene slip rates for two active thrust faults at the mountain front of the Andean Precordillera (~33°S) Tectonics 30 5 10.1029/2011TC002932 2011Tecto..30.5011S free Cal Fault yes 6,000–12,000 The 1861 Mendoza earthquake occurred in the province of Mendoza, Argentina on 20 March at 11:30 PM. It had an estimated magnitude of 7.2 on the s y scale and an intensity of IX–X on the Mercalli scale. Its hypocenter was located at an estimated depth of 30 km mi 0. Tectonic setting The city of Mendoza lies just to the east of the Precordillera structural belt, at the eastern margin of the Andes mountain belt. The ongoing Pampean flat-slab subduction of the Nazca plate below the South American plate is causing shortening in the over-riding plate that is concentrated in the Precordillera belt, with a rate of 4.5±1.7 mm per year, from GPS data. This shortening is expressed as active thrust faulting. The two active thrust faults near Mendoza are the Peñas Thrust and the Cal Thrust, with the latter reaching the surface inside the city. This zone is one of the most seismically active parts of the Andes. Earthquake The earthquake is thought to have been caused by rupture of the Cal Thrust. The estimated magnitude of 7.2 s is consistent with the estimated slip rate and frequency of ruptures along this fault, which suggest vertical offsets in the range 0.8–1.0 m for the last three to four earthquakes. Damage The earthquake devastated the provincial capital, Mendoza. It is believed to have killed somewhere in the range of 6,000 to 12,000 peoplehttp://www.inpres.gov.ar/seismology/seismology/historic/hist.panel.htm Historical earthquakes www.inpres.gov.ar 13 January 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20110929075554/http://www.inpres.gov.ar/seismology/seismology/historic/hist.panel.htm 29 September 2011 deadMoreiras S.M. Geodynamic Processes in the Andes of Central Chile and Argentina Páez M.S. Geological Society, London 2015 9781862396531 Sepúlveda S.A. Special Publication 399 Historical damage and earthquake environmental effects related to shallow intraplate seismicity of central western Argentina 10.1144/SP399.6 128901206 Giambiagi L.B. Moreiras S.M. Pinto L. Tunik M. Hoke G.D. Farías M.—although even higher numbers have been suggested—and injured thousands more.National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Significant Earthquake Information 1972 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/2044 2022-03-23 10.7289/V5TD9V7K Most of the buildings were destroyed, including the cabildo (colonial government house). Fires caused by rupturing of the gas supply for lighting in some stores lasted for four days. The obstruction of canals led to local flooding. The effects of liquefaction were widely reported and many large landslides were observed.Perucca L.P. Moreiras S.M. 2006 Liquefaction phenomena associated with historical earthquakes in San Juan and Mendoza Provinces, Argentina Quaternary International 158 1 96–109 10.1016/j.quaint.2006.05.023 2006QuInt.158...96P The town was rebuilt in a nearby location, and the authorities moved to their new seat in 1863. The new constructions, which incorporated modern architectural styles, were markedly different from the old colonial buildings. Notable deaths Auguste Bravard See also List of earthquakes in Argentina List of historical earthquakes References Bibliography es Epicentro de los terremotos destructivos en Argentina (1692–2012) Listado de Terremotos Históricos https://web.archive.org/web/20131019225226/http://www.inpres.gov.ar/seismology/linkppal.php 2013-10-19 . Further reading Dauer Quinn P. 2012 http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1875&context=etd Natural Disasters and Comparative State-Formation and Nation-Building: Earthquakes in Argentina and Chile (1822–1939) PhD Florida International University FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations 10.25148/etd.FI12120403 free Mendoza, 1861 1861 Category:Mendoza, Argentina Mendoza, 1861 Category:1861 in Argentina Category:March 1861 Category:1861 disasters in Argentina