1804–05 United States Senate elections

none March 2026 January 2025 1804–05 United States Senate elections United States 1795 legislative no 1802–03 United States Senate elections 1802 & 1803 1806–07 United States Senate elections 1806 & 1807 Class 2 1798–99 United States Senate elections 1798 & 1799 1810–11 United States Senate elections 1810 & 1811 11 of the 34 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections) 18 Dates vary by state 100px Seats up Democratic-Republican Party 22 seats 25 9 27 2 7 Federalist Party 9 seats 9 2 7 2 4 Majority Party Democratic-Republican Party Democratic-Republican Party File:1804senatemap.svg Results:#bef3be Dem-Republican hold #008000 Dem-Republican gain#f2bfa6 Federalist hold The 1804–05 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1804 and 1805, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/17th-amendment 17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913) National Archives and Records Administration February 8, 2022 In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 2. These elections expanded the Democratic-Republican Party's overwhelming control over the Senate. The Federalist Party went into the elections with such a small share of Senate seats (9 out of 34, or 27%) that even if they had won every election, they would have still remained a minority caucus. Results summary Senate party division, 9th Congress (1805–1807) Majority party: Democratic-Republican (27) Minority party: Federalist (7) Other parties: 0 Total seats: 34 Change in composition Only reflects results of regular elections. Before the regular elections DR7 DR6 DR5 DR4 DR3 DR2 DR1 DR8 DR9 DR10 DR11 DR12 DR13 DR14 DR15 DR16 DR17 Majority → DR18 F8N.J.Ran F9N.H.Unknown DR25Tenn.Retired DR24Va.Ran DR23S.C.Ran DR22R.I.Ran DR21N.C.Ran DR20Ky.Ran DR19Ga.Ran F7Mass.Ran F6Del.Ran F5 F4 F3 F2 F1 Result of the regular elections DR7 DR6 DR5 DR4 DR3 DR2 DR1 DR8 DR9 DR10 DR11 DR12 DR13 DR14 DR15 DR16 DR17 Majority → DR18 DR27N.J.Gain DR26N.H.Gain DR25Tenn.Hold DR24R.I.Hold DR23N.C.Hold DR22Ky.Hold DR21Va.Re-elected DR20S.C.Re-elected DR19Ga.Re-elected F7Mass.Re-elected F6Del.Re-elected F5 F4 F3 F2 F1 Key: DR# Democratic-Republican F# Federalist V# Vacant Race summaries Except if/when noted, the number following candidates is the whole number vote(s), not a percentage. Special elections during the 8th Congress In these special elections, the winner was seated during 1804 or before March 4, 1805; ordered by election date. State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoral history New York(Class 3) John Armstrong Jr. Democratic-Republican 1800 (special)18011802 (resigned)1803 (appointed) Interim appointee resigned December 3, 1804, to become U.S. Senator from Class 1 seat.New senator elected February 3, 1804.Democratic-Republican hold. Democratic-Republican Party John Smith (Democratic-Republican) 121 Unopposed Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 February 8, 2018 New York 1804 U.S. Senate, Special https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ny.ussenate.1.1804 March 12, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200312105717/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ny.ussenate.1.1804 dead , citing Journal of the New York Assembly, 1804. 35. Journal of the New York State Senate, 1804. 10.http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=392217 Our Campaigns NY US Senate February 23, 2015 New York(Class 1) Theodorus Bailey Democratic-Republican 1803 Incumbent resigned January 16, 1804, to become Postmaster of New York City.New senator elected February 3, 1804.Democratic-Republican hold. Democratic-Republican Party John Armstrong Jr. (Democratic-Republican) 85 Federalist PartyJacob Radcliff (Federalist) 4 Federalist PartyEgbert Benson (Federalist) 3 Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 February 8, 2018 New York 1804 U.S. Senate, Special https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ny.ussenate.2.1804 April 3, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200403143530/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ny.ussenate.2.1804 dead , citing The Albany Register (Albany, NY). February 7, 1804.http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=392197 Our Campaigns NY US Senate February 23, 2015 Rhode Island(Class 1) Samuel J. Potter Democratic-Republican 1802 Incumbent died October 14, 1804.New senator elected October 29, 1804.Democratic-Republican hold. Democratic-Republican Party Benjamin Howland (Democratic-Republican) Democratic-Republican PartyAsher Robins (Democratic-Republican) "by a majority of 2" Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 February 10, 2018 Rhode Island 1804 U.S. Senate, Special https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ri.ussenator2.1804 March 27, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200327153133/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ri.ussenator2.1804 dead , citing The True American and Commercial Advertiser (Philadelphia, PA). November 19, 1804. New York(Class 1) John Armstrong Jr. Democratic-Republican 1804 (special) Incumbent resigned to become U.S. Minister to France.New senator elected November 9, 1804.Democratic-Republican hold. Democratic-Republican Party Samuel L. Mitchill (Democratic-Republican) 83.3% Federalist PartyRufus King (Federalist) 15.6% Democratic-Republican PartyDavid Thomas (Democratic-Republican) 1.1%http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=392198 Our Campaigns NY US Senate February 23, 2015 Delaware(Class 2) William H. Wells Federalist 1799 (special)1799 Incumbent resigned November 6, 1804.New senator elected November 13, 1804.Winner also elected to the next term; see below.Federalist hold. Federalist Party James A. Bayard (Federalist) 15 Unopposed Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 February 8, 2018 Delaware 1804 U.S. Senate, Special https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:de.ussenator.special.1804 March 3, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200303060655/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:de.ussenator.special.1804 dead , citing Journal of the Delaware House of Representatives, 1804. 9. Virginia(Class 1) Andrew Moore Democratic-Republican 1804 (appointed) Interim appointee resigned December 3, 1804, to become U.S. Senator from Class 1 seat.New senator elected December 4, 1804.Democratic-Republican hold. Democratic-Republican Party William B. Giles (Democratic-Republican) February 2020 Virginia(Class 2) William B. Giles Democratic-Republican 1804 (appointed) Interim appointee resigned December 3, 1804, to become U.S. Senator from Class 2 seat.New senator elected December 4, 1804.Winner also elected to the next term; see below.Democratic-Republican hold. Democratic-Republican Party Andrew Moore (Democratic-Republican) February 2020 South Carolina(Class 3) Pierce Butler Democratic-Republican 1802 (special) Resigned November 21, 1804.New senator elected December 6, 1804.Democratic-Republican hold. Democratic-Republican Party John Gaillard (Democratic-Republican) February 2020 Races leading to the 9th Congress In these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1805; ordered by state. All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats. State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoralhistory Delaware James A. Bayard Federalist 1804 (special) Incumbent re-elected January 24, 1805. Federalist Party James A. Bayard (Federalist) 15 Democratic-Republican PartyCaesar A. Rodney (Democratic-Republican) 9 Federalist PartyJames Sykes (Federalist) 1 Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 February 8, 2018 Delaware 1805 U.S. Senate https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:de.ussenator.1805 March 12, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200312201255/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:de.ussenator.1805 dead , citing Journal of the Delaware State Senate, 1805. 41. Georgia Abraham Baldwin Democratic-Republican 1799 Incumbent re-elected November 14, 1804. Democratic-Republican Party Abraham Baldwin (Democratic-Republican) Unanimous Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 February 8, 2018 Georgia 1804 U.S. Senate https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ga.ussenate.1804 April 4, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200404033738/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ga.ussenate.1804 dead , citing The Enquirer (Richmond, VA). December 6, 1804. Kentucky John Brown Democratic-Republican 1792 (new state)17921798 Incumbent lost re-election.New senator elected in 1804 on the seventh ballot.Democratic-Republican hold. Democratic-Republican Party Buckner Thruston (Democratic-Republican) 44 Democratic-Republican PartyJohn Adair (Democratic-Republican) 43 Democratic-Republican PartyJohn Brown (Democratic-Republican) Eliminated Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 February 8, 2018 Kentucky 1804 U.S. Senate, Ballot 7 https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ky.ussenateballot7.1804 March 16, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200316034818/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ky.ussenateballot7.1804 dead , citing Kentucky Gazette and General Advertiser (Lexington, KY). November 27, 1804. Massachusetts Timothy Pickering Federalist 1803 (special) Incumbent re-elected February 6, 1805, on the third ballot. Federalist Party Timothy Pickering (Federalist) 102 Democratic-Republican PartyWilliam Eustis (Democratic-Republican) 99 Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 January 29, 2018 Massachusetts 1805 U.S. Senate, Ballot 3 https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ma.ussenate.3.1805 March 28, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200328214820/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ma.ussenate.3.1805 dead , citing The Providence Phoenix (Providence, RI). February 9, 1805. New Hampshire Simeon Olcott Federalist 1801 (special) Incumbent retired or lost re-election.New senator elected November 28, 1804.Democratic-Republican gain. Democratic-Republican Party Nicholas Gilman (Democratic-Republican) 85 Federalist PartyTimothy Farrar (Federalist) 70 Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 February 8, 2018 New Hampshire 1804 U.S. Senate https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:nh.ussenator.1804 March 20, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200320173832/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:nh.ussenator.1804 dead , citing Oracle Post (Portsmouth, NH). December 11, 1804. New Jersey Jonathan Dayton Federalist 1798 Incumbent lost re-election.New senator elected in 1804.Democratic-Republican gain. Democratic-Republican Party Aaron Kitchell (Democratic-Republican) 36 Federalist PartyJonathan Dayton (Federalist) Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 February 8, 2018 New Jersey 1804 U.S. Senate https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:nj.ussenate.1804 March 14, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200314012526/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:nj.ussenate.1804 dead , citing The Centinel of Freedom (Newark, NJ). November 13, 1804. North Carolina Jesse Franklin Democratic-Republican 1798 Incumbent lost re-election.New senator elected in 1804 on the fifth ballot.Democratic-Republican hold.Winner would later reject his election and never take the seat.A new election was held the next year; see below. Democratic-Republican Party Montfort Stokes (Democratic-Republican) Democratic-Republican PartyJesse Franklin (Democratic-Republican) Democratic-Republican PartyBenjamin Smith (Democratic-Republican) Democratic-Republican PartyThomas Blount (Democratic-Republican) Eliminated UnknownStephen Cabarrus (Unknown) Eliminated Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 February 9, 2018 North Carolina 1804 U.S. Senate, Ballot 5 https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:nc.ussenator5.1804 March 11, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200311175830/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:nc.ussenator5.1804 dead , citing Raleigh Register, and North-Carolina State Gazette (Raleigh, NC). December 3, 1804. Rhode Island Christopher Ellery Democratic-Republican 1801 (special) Incumbent lost re-election.New senator elected in 1804.Democratic-Republican hold. Democratic-Republican Party James Fenner (Democratic-Republican) Democratic-Republican PartyChristopher Ellery (Democratic-Republican) "by a majority of 16" Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 February 10, 2018 Rhode Island 1804 U.S. Senate https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ri.ussenator1.1804 March 13, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200313000737/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ri.ussenator1.1804 dead , citing The True American and Commercial Advertiser (Philadelphia, PA). November 19, 1804. South Carolina Thomas Sumter Democratic-Republican 1801 Incumbent elected December 6, 1804. Democratic-Republican Party Thomas Sumter (Democratic-Republican) 101 Democratic-Republican PartyHenry Middleton (Democratic-Republican) 21 UnknownWilliam Hill (Unknown) 4 UnknownJoseph Blyth (Unknown) 2 UnknownR. Anderson (Unknown) 1 Independent (US)Pierce Butler (Independent) 1 Democratic-Republican PartySamuel Farrow (Democratic-Republican) 1 Democratic-Republican PartyJohn Gaillard (Democratic-Republican) 1 UnknownElias Horry (Unknown) 1 UnknownJohn Ward (Unknown) 1 "Lost" 1 Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 February 10, 2018 South Carolina 1804 U.S. Senate https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:sc.ussenate.1804 March 6, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200306041051/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:sc.ussenate.1804 dead , citing Original Election Returns. South Carolina Department of Archives and History, Columbia. Tennessee William Cocke Democratic-Republican 1799 (special) Incumbent retired.New senator elected early September 23, 1803.Democratic-Republican hold. Democratic-Republican Party Daniel Smith (Democratic-Republican) 35 Democratic-Republican PartyJenkin Whiteside (Democratic-Republican) 1 Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 January 30, 2018 Tennessee 1803 U.S. Senate, Special https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:tn.ussenate.special.1803 October 19, 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20191019175105/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:tn.ussenate.special.1803 dead , citing Journal of the Tennessee House of Representatives, 1803. 27. Gazette of the United States (Philadelphia, PA). October 18, 1803. White, Robert Hiram. Messages of the Governors of Tennessee, 1796–1821. Vol. 1. Nashville: The Tennessee Historical Commission, 1952. Virginia William B. Giles Democratic-Republican 1804 (appointed)1804 (resigned)1804 (special) Incumbent re-elected December 7, 1804. Democratic-Republican Party William B. Giles (Democratic-Republican) February 2020 Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 February 10, 2018 Virginia 1804 U.S. Senate https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:va.ussenate.c.1804 March 27, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200327153145/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:va.ussenate.c.1804 dead , citing The Enquirer (Richmond, VA). December 15, 1804. Special elections during the 9th Congress In this special election, the winner was seated in 1805 after March 4. State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoral history Kentucky(Class 3) John Breckinridge Democratic-Republican 1800 Resigned August 7, 1805, to become U.S. Attorney General.New senator elected November 8, 1805.Democratic-Republican hold. Democratic-Republican Party John Adair (Democratic-Republican) 45 Democratic-Republican PartyJohn Pope (Democratic-Republican) 35 Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 February 8, 2018 Kentucky 1805 U.S. Senate, Special https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ky.ussenate.1805 March 15, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200315051625/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ky.ussenate.1805 dead , citing The Enquirer (Richmond, VA). December 6, 1805. North Carolina(Class 2) Vacant Montfort Stokes (DR) had been elected in 1804 (see above) but rejected the position.New senator elected November 22, 1805.Democratic-Republican gain. Democratic-Republican Party James Turner (Democratic-Republican) 122 Federalist PartyThomas Davis (Federalist) 51 UnknownStephen Cabarrus (Unknown) 1 Blank 1 Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 February 9, 2018 North Carolina 1805 U.S. Senate https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:nc.ussenator.1805 March 20, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200320114706/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:nc.ussenator.1805 dead , citing Legislative Papers. State Archives of North Carolina, Raleigh. Delaware thumb|125px|Senator James A. Bayard List of United States senators from Delaware There were two elections this cycle to the same seat, because Federalist William H. Wells, who had first been elected in 1799, resigned November 6, 1804. Delaware (regular) Federalist James A. Bayard was elected November 13, 1804, to finish the term ending the following March. August 2020 Delaware (special) Federalist James A. Bayard also elected in 1805, to the next term. August 2020 Georgia List of United States senators from Georgia Kentucky List of United States senators from Kentucky Massachusetts List of United States senators from Massachusetts New Hampshire List of United States senators from New Hampshire New Jersey List of United States senators from New Jersey New York (special) February 1804 United States Senate special elections in New York November 1804 United States Senate special election in New York List of United States senators from New York In February 1804 two senators were elected to finish vacant terms. The winner of the class 1 seat later resigned, leading to a November special election. Theodorus Bailey had been elected to the Class 1 seat (term 1803–1809) but resigned on January 16, 1804, after his appointment as Postmaster of New York City. John Armstrong had been re-elected to the class 3 seat to the term that would end March 3, 1807. He resigned February 5, 1802, and DeWitt Clinton was elected February 9, 1802 to finish the term. Clinton then resigned on November 4, 1803, after his appointment as Mayor of New York City, and Governor George Clinton appointed Armstrong to his old seat to continue the term temporarily until another special election. Armstrong was then elected to the class 1 seat and so resigned from the class 3 seat. New York (February: special, classes 1 and 3) February 1804 United States Senate special elections in New York The first special election was held February 3, 1804, by the New York State Legislature to elect both senators. The class 1 term ended March 3, 1809, and the class 3 term ended March 3, 1813. U.S. Senator (Class 1) Incumbent: Theodorus Bailey House Democratic-Republican Federalist Federalist State Senate(32 members) John Armstrong State Assembly(99 members) John Armstrong 83 Jacob Radcliff 4 Egbert Benson 3 U.S. Senator (Class 3) Incumbent: John Armstrong House Democratic-Republican Federalist Federalist State Senate(32 members) John Smith State Assembly(99 members) John Smith Smith was nominated unanimously by the Assembly, but the exact number of votes given is unclear. John Smith was seated February 23, 1804. John Armstrong was seated February 25, 1804. New York (November: special, class 1) November 1804 United States Senate special election in New York Once again, John Armstrong resigned from the Senate on June 30, 1804 (a third time in three years) when appointed U.S. Minister to France. To fill the vacancy, the legislature held a special election November 9, 1804, and elected Samuel L. Mitchill. House Democratic-Republican Federalist Democratic-Republican State Senate(30 members) Samuel L. Mitchill     State Assembly(100 members) Samuel L. Mitchill 75 Rufus King 14 David Thomas 1 Mitchill was seated November 23, 1804. North Carolina List of United States senators from North Carolina Rhode Island List of United States senators from Rhode Island Rhode Island (regular) thumb|125px|Senator James Fenner Democratic-Republican James Fenner beat incumbent Democratic-Republican Christopher Ellery in 1804. August 2020 Rhode Island (special) Democratic-Republican Samuel J. Potter died October 14, 1804, Democratic-Republican Benjamin Howland was elected October 29, 1804, to finish the term. August 2020 South Carolina List of United States senators from South Carolina South Carolina (regular) thumb|125px|Senator Thomas Sumter Democratic-Republican Thomas Sumter was re-elected December 6, 1804. August 2020 South Carolina (special) thumb|125px|Senator John Gaillard Democratic-Republican Pierce Butler resigned November 21, 1804, and Democratic-Republican John Gaillard was elected December 6, 1804. August 2020 Tennessee List of United States senators from Tennessee Virginia List of United States senators from Virginia 1805 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia The incumbent senators effectively switched seats due to appointments and special elections. Class 2 center Virginia's class 2 senators Wilson Cary Nicholas 2.jpg Wilson C. Nicholas,until May 22, 1804 125 Wilson C. Nicholas Senator Andrew Moore.jpg 125 Andrew Moore Andrew Moore,August 11, 1804 – December 3, 1804 William Branch Giles.jpg 100 William B. Giles William B. Giles,from December 4, 1804 Virginia (special, class 2) Democratic-Republican Wilson C. Nicholas resigned May 22, 1804, and Democratic-Republican Andrew Moore was appointed August 11, 1804, to continue the term. Moore was elected to the other seat, so he resigned and Democratic-Republican William B. Giles, who had already been elected to this seat's next term, was elected December 4, 1804, to finish the term. August 2020 Virginia (regular, class 2) Democratic-Republican William B. Giles was elected December 4, 1804, to the next term. August 2020 Virginia (special, class 1) center Virginia's class 1 senators A-Bedford-Venable.jpg Abraham B. Venable,until June 7, 1804 125 Abraham B. Venable Portrait of William Branch Giles.jpg 100 William B. Giles William B. Giles,August 11, 1804 – December 3, 1804 Senator Andrew Moore.jpg 125 Andrew Moore Andrew Moore,from December 4, 1804 Democratic-Republican Abraham B. Venable resigned June 7, 1804, and Democratic-Republican William B. Giles was appointed August 11, 1804, to continue the term. Giles was elected to the other seat, so he resigned and Democratic-Republican Andrew Moore was elected December 4, 1804, to finish the term. August 2020 See also 1804 United States elections 1804 United States presidential election 1804–05 United States House of Representatives elections 8th United States Congress 9th United States Congress Notes References Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov Category:Jonathan Dayton