1908 Manila's 1st Philippine Assembly district special elections

none March 1908 Manila's 1st assembly district special election By-election Philippines 1908 Manila's 1st district seat in the Philippine Assembly.Elected by simple majority using first past the post.Triggered by expulsion of incumbent no 1907 Philippine Assembly elections 1907 1908 Manila's 1st Philippine Assembly district special elections#Second election August 1908 1908 03 30 Dominador Gómez 90px Nacionalista Party 1,742 56.95% Justo Lukban 100px Liga Popular Nacional 1,317 43.05% Delegate Subsequent delegate Dominador Gómez Nacionalista Party Dominador Gómez Nacionalista Party yes August 1908 Manila's 1st assembly district special election By-election Philippines 1908 Manila's 1st district seat in the Philippine Assembly.Elected by simple majority using first past the post.Triggered by resignation of incumbent no 1908 Manila's 1st Philippine Assembly district special elections#First election March 1908 1909 Philippine Assembly elections 1909 1908 08 12 Justo Lukban 100px Liga Popular Nacional 2,102 55.33% José Turiano Santiago 100px Nacionalista Party 1,697 44.67% Delegate Subsequent delegate Dominador Gómez Nacionalista Party Justo Lukban Liga Popular Nacional Two special elections (known elsewhere as "by-elections") for Manila's 1st (North) district's seat in the Philippine Assembly, the lower house of the Philippine Legislature of the Insular Government of the Philippine Islands, were held on 1908. Justo Lukban won the second election, after Dominador Gómez, winner of the 1907 general election, was expelled from office, then won the first special election, finally only to resign his rights as member of the assembly. These special elections were the first of its kind in the Philippines. Background 1907 Philippine Assembly elections The Nacionalista Party was brought about by the merger of the Union Nacionalista, which chose an evolutionary position on Philippine independence, and the Independistas, led by Alberto Barretto and Justo Lukban, which advocated immediate independence. The two organizations merged on March 2, 1907, to oppose the Progresista Party, which opposed independence, after withdrawing their platform of Philippine U.S. statehood.Cullinane (1989), p. 292 Fernando Guerrero, who was earlier elected as counselors of the Nacionalistas along with Cebu 2nd district Assemblyman Sergio Osmeña, and Lukban, were dropped from the ballot in favor of Dominador Gómez and Felipe del Mar. Guerrero and Lukban then set up Liga Nacional Independecia to oppose the Nacionalistas.Cullinane (1989), p. 305 The 1st Philippine Legislature convened for the first time on October 16, 1907, after elections earlier that year. Osmeña was elected Speaker. Osmeña had then successfully prevented Gómez from taking his seat, questioning his citizenship, until he was elected speaker.Cullinane (1989), p. 318 District profile Manila's 1st district, also known as the North district, consisted of the western Manila districts of Tondo, Binondo, San Nicolas, and Intramuros since it was established in 1907. First election By February 1908, Osmeña and his adjutant, Tayabas 1st district Assemblyman Manuel L. Quezon, saw Gómez as their primary opponent for control of the legislature. Osmeña has most of the Nacionalistas behind him, while Gómez was counting on the support of the dissatisfied Nacionalistas and members of the Progresistas.Ingles (2008), p. 34 In February, Gómez denounced the moves to unseat him in a speech before the assembly. Those who wanted to unseat Gómez planned to replace him with Lukban, who was the defeated candidate in the 1907 election.Ingles (2008), p. 36 A day after his speech, the assembly moved to vacate Gómez's seat, 40–35.Ingles (2008), p. 37 A week later, Gómez, in a letter to the assembly, said that he would no longer contest his removal, paving way for a special election. This also made the motions for reconsideration, and for an investigation to an extra "mysterious vote" for Gómez's removal, be moot and academic.Ingles (2008), pp. 44–45 Gómez expressed his intention to run in the special election in March. Lukban also expressed his intention to run, seeing a rematch of the 1907 election.Ingles (2008), p. 72 Results March 1908 Manila's 1st Philippine Assembly district special election Dominador Gómez Nacionalista Party 1742 Justo Lukban Liga Popular 1317 425 13.89 Nacionalista Party hold Ingles (2008), p. 85 The March 30 election saw Gómez successfully defending his seat. His victory was celebrated at the Rizal Theater later that night, and rumors of him actually reclaiming his seat at the Ayuntamiento de Manila led to the Manila Police District securing the premises but Gómez did not show up. By June, Osmeña read a letter by Gómez to the assembly of the latter resigning his rights as duly elected representative of Manila's first district. This means that the contested seat is again vacant.Ingles (2008), p. 157 Second election The Nacionalistas have nominated José Turiano Santiago, a former Nueva Ecija delegate to the Malolos Congress, for the vacant seat on July 6. Meanwhile, Lukban contested the seat anew; Gómez, for his part, is contesting a seat at the newly provided Municipal Board of Manila. A clash between their supporters occurred at Calle Azcarraga at the eve of the election on August 11. Lukban's supporters, being led by Lope K. Santos, were first harassed by Gómez supporters, which later led to a full-blown riot. After the fight was dispersed, the Gómez supporters had a meeting at Calle Acuña, guarded by the police.Ingles (2008), p. 207 Results August 1908 Manila's 1st Philippine Assembly district special election Justo Lukban Liga Popular 2102 +12.28 José Turiano Santiago Nacionalista Party 1697 −12.28 405 10.66 −3.23 Liga Popular gain from Nacionalista Party +12.28 Ingles (2008), pp. 209–210While Lukban won the assembly seat, Gómez lost the municipal board election to Ramon Diokno. Commissioner Rafael Palma, who was surprised of Gómez's defeat, attributed it to Gómez's attacks against Osmeňa, which reduced his popularity with the masses. A Manila Times editorial emphasized the victories of the Liga Popular Nacional against the regular Nacionalista Party; the latter was seen as being dominated by aristocrats, who are mostly mestizos. The election results were announced at the junction of the Puente de España and Escolta Street in Binondo, on a screen set up in front of the La Extremeña Building. Later that year, Diokno renounced his claims from the seat amidst the electoral protest filed by Gómez. Gómez later reclaimed his old assembly seat in 1909, when he won on a successful electoral protest against Lukban.Ingles (2008), p. 280 Lukban later on became Mayor of Manila. Notes 30em References Ilustrado Politics: Filipino Elite Responses to American Rule, 1898–1908 Michael Cullinane Ateneo de Manila University Press 1989 978-971-550-439-3 https://books.google.com/books?id=sjMa5dt7gTQC Cullinane1989 A1908: The Way it Really was : Historical Journal for the UP Centennial, 1908–2008 Raul Rafael Ingles University of the Philippines Press 2008 978-971-542-580-3 https://books.google.com/books?id=lGHghPeg7qIC UPCentennial Category:Special elections to the Philippine Legislature Category:1908 elections in the Philippines 1908 Category:March 1908 in Asia