2012 Northern Italy earthquakes

Severe earthquakes centered in Emilia-Romagna, Italy May 2022 2012 Northern Italy earthquakes 2012-05-20 02:03:53 2012-05-29 07:00:03 601025379 605482196 usp000jkn8 usp000jm2n 20 May 2012 29 May 2012 04:03 09:00 2012 Modena intensity.jpg USGS 20 May intensity map Italy 44.9 N 11.24 E inline,title type:event Reverse Emilia-Romagna, Italy 12 seconds 86 27 dead (7 on 20 May and 20 on 29 May), at least 50 injured in the first quake and 350 in the second, up to 45,000 homeless in totalhttp://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2012/05/20/actualidad/1337489255_970834.html Un seísmo de 5,9 grados sacude Italia y deja al menos tres muertos El País 27 February 2012 20 May 2012 8 6.0 w 5.8 w y 5.6 km mi on In May 2012, two major earthquakes struck Northern Italy, causing 27 deaths and widespread damage. The events are known in Italy as the 2012 Emilia earthquakes, because they mainly affected the Emilia region. The first earthquake, registering magnitude 6.0, struck in the Emilia-Romagna region, about 36 km mi off north of the city of Bologna, on 20 May at 04:03 local time (02:03 UTC). The epicentre was between Finale Emilia, Bondeno and Sermide. Two aftershocks of magnitude 5.2 occurred, one approximately an hour after the main eventhttps://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/usb0009tke.php Magnitude 5.2 – Northern Italy United States Geological Survey 20 May 2012 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20120523015931/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/usb0009tke.php 23 May 2012 and another approximately eleven hours after the main event.https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/usb0009tu7.php Magnitude 5.1 – Northern Italy United States Geological Survey 20 May 2012 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20120523020013/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/usb0009tu7.php 23 May 2012 Seven people were killed. A magnitude 5.8 earthquake struck the same area nine days later, on 29 May, causing an additional twenty deaths and widespread damage, particularly to buildings already weakened by the 20 May earthquake.https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-18247659 New earthquake shakes northern Italy – 'nine dead' BBC News 29 May 2012 29 May 2012 The epicentre was in Medolla: the quake itself occurred at a depth of about 10 km.http://www.corriere.it/cronache/12_maggio_29/terremoto-scossa-nord-italia_0a299d18-a95d-11e1-a673-99a9606f0957.shtml Terremoto : 16 morti, e 350 feriti Monti: «Lo Stato farà tutto il possibile Corriere della Sera 24 December 2009 30 October 2016 Tectonic setting The Po Plain, a foreland basin formed by the downflexing of the crust by the loading of the Apennine thrust sheets, overlies and mainly conceals the active front of the Northern Apennines fold and thrust belt, across which there is about one millimeter (0.04 in) per year of active shortening at present. Information from hydrocarbon exploration demonstrates that the area is underlain by a series of active thrust faults and related folds, some of which have been detected from anomalous drainage patterns. These blind thrust faults are roughly WNW–ESE trending, parallel to the mountain front, and dip shallowly towards the south-southwest. Several damaging historical earthquakes, such as the 1570 Ferrara earthquake, have occurred in the area.Toscani G. Burrato P. Di Bucci D. Seno S Valensise, G. amp 2008 Plio-Quaternary tectonic evolution of the Northern Apennines thrust fronts (Bologna-Ferrara section, Italy): seismotectonic implications. Bollettino Società Geologica Italiana http://www.earth-prints.org/bitstream/2122/4290/1/Toscani_etal_2008_BSGI.pdf 24 May 2012 27 November 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20201127112848/https://www.earth-prints.org/bitstream/2122/4290/1/Toscani_etal_2008_BSGI.pdf dead Earthquake sequence thumb|upright|The damaged church of Saint Paul in Mirabello, Ferrara. The 20 May earthquake sequence began with a magnitude 4.0 foreshock at 01:13 local time (23:13 UTC 19 May). Less than three hours later, at 04:04 local time (02:04 UTC) the biggest of these earthquakes occurred with magnitude 6.1 between Finale Emilia (province of Modena) and Sant'Agostino (province of Ferrara). This strong quake destroyed all the churches and many of the factories in the area. Seven people were killed. In San Carlo more than 350 families lost their houses. Within the next nine days, there were six aftershocks exceeding magnitude 5, 28 of magnitude 4–5 and 139 of magnitude 3–4.http://www.emsc-csem.org/Earthquake/209/M-6-1-NORTHERN-ITALY-on-May-20th-2012-at-02-03-UTC M 6.1 Northern Italy on May 20th 2012 at 02:03 UTC European Mediterranean Seismological Centre 23 May 2012 24 May 2012 The mainshock could be felt as far away as Switzerland. The focal mechanism indicates that the earthquake was a result of thrust faulting,ftp://hazards.cr.usgs.gov/maps/sigeqs/20120529/20120529.pdf M 6.0, 5.8, and 5.4 Northern Italy Earthquakes of May 2012 29 May 2012 United States Geological Survey dead 29 May 2012 with a north–south direction of compression, on a fault plane trending west–east. This type of faulting is consistent with the regional tectonic setting.http://terremoti.ingv.it/images/ultimi-eventi/2012/comunicato_1d_ingv_modena5.9.pdf Terremoto M5.9 Modena National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology 24 May 2012 itAugust 2026 InternetArchiveBot On 29 May (about 09:00 CEST, 07:00 UTC), a magnitude 5.8 earthquake hit the same area. The hypocentre has been estimated at 5–10 km mi 0 below Mirandola.http://www.repubblica.it/cronaca/2012/05/29/dirette/terremoto_forte_scossa_a_nord-36119987/?ref=HREA-1 Terremoto, scossa di 5,7 a Nord, Sisma avvertito anche a Milano it A series of two or three, according to different sources, strong aftershocks with magnitudes larger than 5 occurred at between 12:55 and 13:02 local time.http://www.24heures.ch/monde/Le-bilan-du-seisme-s-alourdit-a-15-morts/story/25929986 Tremblement de terre: L'Emilie-Romagne panse ses plaies – Monde 24 heures 31 May 2012 The 09:00 shock and the 13:00 shocks were felt throughout Northern Italy, up to the Aosta province.http://www.ansa.it/web/notizie/rubriche/associata/2012/05/29/TERREMOTI-FORTE-SCOSSA-VENETO-EMILIA-ROMAGNA_6947531.html Terremoto: 10 vittime. Scossa di 5.8 in Emilia e nel Nord. Nuova fortissima scossa alle 12:56, per almeno 30 secondi it The 09:00 earthquake was also felt in Austria, Switzerland,http://www.seismo.ethz.ch/index Schweizerischer Erdbebendienst (SED) Swiss Seismological Service 31 May 2012 August 2026 InternetArchiveBot Slovenia and Croatia,Northern Italy 2012 "Did You Feel It?" usp000jm2n/dyfi/intensity 22 May 2012 with reports of swaying buildings in Austria. The two large aftershocks at 12:55 and 13:02 could also be felt in Austria.http://www.zamg.ac.at/aktuell/index.php?seite=1&artikel=ZAMG_2012-05-29GMT11:01 Aktuelle Informationen ZAMG 31 May 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20120601221531/http://zamg.ac.at/aktuell/index.php?seite=1&artikel=ZAMG_2012-05-29GMT11:01 1 June 2012 dead This earthquake had a similar mechanism to the 20 May shock.Cheloni D. Giuliani R. D'Agostino N. Mattone M. Bonano M. Fornaro G. Lanari R. Reale D. Atzori S. 2016 New insights into fault activation and stress transfer between en echelon thrusts: The 2012 Emilia, Northern Italy, earthquake sequence Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 121 6 4742–4766 10.1002/2016JB012823 2016JGRB..121.4742C free This earthquake, like the previous earthquake of 20 May, was distinctly felt in Trentino Alto Adige. It was especially felt on the upper floors of buildings both in Trento and Bolzano, and created some concern among residents.http://www.ansa.it/web/notizie/rubriche/associata/2012/05/29/TERREMOTI-FORTE-SCOSSA-VENETO-EMILIA-ROMAGNA_6947531.html ANSA Sisma, Ue 'Catastrofe nazionale, presto fondi' – Sisma alle 21,20. Epicentro tra Novi, Concordia e San Possidonio in zone evacuate. Solo malori Agenzia Nazionale Stampa Associata 3 June 2012 3 June 2012 Sequence of shocksDateCESTMwIDepth (km)Region 20 May 04:03:53 6.1 VII 10 Finale Emilia 29 May 09:00:03 5.8 VII 5 Medolla–Cavezzo 29 May 12:55:56 5.5 VI 2 San Possidonio–Mirandola European-Mediterranean Seismological Centre On 6 June at 06:08 local time, a magnitude 4.5 earthquake hit 50 km further east with an epicenter off the coast of Ravenna in Romagna at a depth 25.6 km.http://cnt.rm.ingv.it/data_id/7223159280/event.html Magnitudo(Ml) 4.5 – Italia – Evento in mare National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology it 6 June 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20120608202602/http://cnt.rm.ingv.it/data_id/7223159280/event.html 8 June 2012 dead The earthquake was felt strongly and distinctly in Ravenna and Rimini, then less in Pesaro and Ancona, and very slightly in the province of Modena, in areas already affected by earthquakes in recent days. This earthquake was generated by a fault other than that responsible for the earthquakes of 20 and 29 May in Emilia, although part of the same group of geological structures.http://www.ansa.it/web/notizie/photostory/primopiano/2012/06/06/Scossa-largo-Ravenna-generata-nuova-faglia-_6989049.html ANSA Scossa al largo di Ravenna generata da nuova faglia Agenzia Nazionale Stampa Associata 6 June 2012 6 June 2012 Damage thumb|left|A destroyed house in Cento Initial reports after the 20 May shock listed seven dead, including four workers at a factory in Ferrara,Jewkes Stephen https://www.reuters.com/article/us-quake-italy-idUSBRE84J01K20120520 Strong quake hits North Italy, at least three dead Reuters 20 May 2012 20 May 2012 and about 5,000 people left homeless. At least 100 structures of historical significance have been damaged or destroyed. Many churches in towns around the epicentre suffered damage.Terremoto, scossa di magnitudo 5.9 Epicentro a 36 km a nord di Bologna http://www.corriere.it/cronache/12_maggio_20/terremoto-nord-italia-emilia_6da21156-a226-11e1-bfa6-752e370d244b.shtml 20 May 2012 Corriere della sera 20 May 2012http://www.repubblica.it/cronaca/2012/05/20/news/forte_scossa_di_terremoto_in_veneto_paura_gente_per_le_strade-35512430/?ref=HRER2-1 Forte scossa di terremoto a nord di Bologna Paura, gente per strada, almeno una vittima 20 May 2012 La Repubblica 20 May 2012 One of the towers of Castello Estense, a moated medieval structure in the centre of Ferrara, was damaged in the earthquake.Preliminary findings of UNESCO mission sent to assess earthquake damage to sites in northern Italy https://whc.unesco.org/en/news/885/ UNESCO 24 May 2022 Half of a clock tower in Finale Emilia dating from the 13th century (known as the torre dei modenesi) fell down in the mainshock and the remaining part collapsed completely during an aftershock later that day. There was also significant damage to factories and agricultural land in the region.TG5. Canale 5. Mediaset. 22 May 2012. 13.00 Production of Grana Padano and Parmigiano-Reggiano hard cheeses was badly affected; approximately 300,000 wheels, with an estimated value of €200 million, were destroyed.http://www.unisdr.org/archive/26823 Italy quake highlights need to educate the public, says expert Salim Dizery 21 May 2012 United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction 25 May 2012 thumb|The damaged town hall of Sant'Agostino. Five of the deaths were caused by the collapse of recently constructed factory buildings. Stefano Gresta, president of the National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology, deemed it "unacceptable that modern constructions such as warehouses and industrial sheds have collapsed in an earthquake which was strong, but not exceptional". The area was not included in seismic hazard maps until 2003, when, after a reassessment, it was classified as "medium risk", with a 10% likelihood of such an earthquake in the next 450 years. A law introduced in 2006 imposed building standards appropriate for the seismic hazard classification, but few of the older buildings have been upgraded to meet these requirements.http://blogs.nature.com/news/2012/05/italian-earthquake-toll-highlights-poor-preparedness.html Italian earthquake toll highlights poor preparedness Nosengo Nicola 22 May 2012 Nature newsblog 24 May 2012 The 29 May magnitude 5.8 earthquake left 18 people dead, more than 350 injured, and more than 15,000 homeless.http://www.tgcom24.mediaset.it/cronaca/emilia-romagna/articoli/1047689/trema-lemilia-almeno-17-vittime%3cbr%3esale-a-15mila-il-numero-degli-sfollati.shtml TGCOM24 The roof of the 15th-century cathedral of Mirandola, already damaged on 20 May, collapsed after the 29 May shock.Kington T. 29 May 2012 Italy hit by 5.8-magnitude earthquake The Guardian https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/may/29/italy-earthquake 24 May 2012 The earthquake was felt in most of Northern Italy, triggering evacuation of schools and other buildings. Some buildings in the Modena province and neighbouring areas, already damaged in the first earthquake, collapsed. thumb|upright|The damaged church of Saint Martin of Tours in Cento, Ferrara. After the mainshock of 20 May, inspections were underway to determine which buildings were safe to reenter. The 29 May earthquake occurred during the daytime, when many people were working. As in the mainshock of 20 May, many of the dead in the 29 May earthquake were workers inside huge warehouses and factories. A local union representative has demanded an investigation to determine who was responsible for permitting the companies to resume operations.https://www.yahoo.com/news/workers-among-17-dead-latest-big-italian-quake-194523162--finance.html Workers among 17 dead in latest big Italian quake Colleen Barry Alberto Arsie Associated Press 29 May 2012 3 April 2016 14 April 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160414035708/https://www.yahoo.com/news/workers-among-17-dead-latest-big-italian-quake-194523162--finance.html dead Both the 20 and 29 May events caused damage to the neighbouring provinces of Bologna, Reggio Emilia, Rovigo and Mantua, where parts of the ducal palace were damaged.https://gazzettadimantova.gelocal.it/mantova/cronaca/2012/06/29/news/salvato-il-campanile-di-santa-barbara-il-progetto-pilota-di-sovrintendenza-e-vigili-del-fuoco-1.5335995 Mantova, salvata Santa Barbara Foto Suzzara, staccata la cupola Video 29 June 2012 Gazzetta di Mantova An aftershock on the 3 June was felt throughout Northern Italy and caused the collapse of the 18th century clock tower in Novi di Modena, already imperilled by the earthquake of recent days.Maino G. Maino D.B. 2021 Documenting architecture. From 3D simulations to virtual restoration https://hrcak.srce.hr/clanak/395364 Thesis 10 2 122 2623-8381 The earthquake damage in Emilia "could exceed 4 billion" according to the vice-president of Confindustria Emilia-Romagna, Gaetano Maccaferri, who released these figures in testimony before the Senate Committee on Industry.http://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/notizie/2012-06-06/terremoto-allarme-confindustria-danni-152403.shtml?uuid=AbLaUEoF Terremoto, l'allarme di Confindustria: danni per oltre quattro miliardi, lo Stato intervenga 25 August 2016 See also List of earthquakes in 2012 List of earthquakes in Italy References External links Italy quake homeless in emergency shelters – BBC News Deadly northern Italy earthquake hits heritage sites – BBC News 601025379 Category:2012 disasters in Italy Category:2012 earthquakes Category:21st century in Emilia-Romagna Category:Buried rupture earthquakes Category:Disasters in Emilia-Romagna Category:Earthquake clusters, swarms, and sequences 2012 Category:May 2012 in Italy