1985

yes December 2021 1985 border:none;b 3/3/3 1985 Mexico Earthquake - Collapsed General Hospital.jpg Armerotragedy2.png Live Aid at JFK Stadium, Philadelphia, PA.jpg Policía de antaño (5580817176).jpg President Ronald Reagan meets with aides on Iran-Contra (cropped).jpg Japan Airlines 123 05 Debris of aft fuselage (2).png Smoke rises above homes after MOVE bombing.jpg Pat Patterson and Muhammad Ali Wrestlemania.png Cleveland Gaming Classic 2025 (54818926042).jpg 350 From top to bottom, left to right: the 1985 Mexico City earthquake devastates Mexico City, killing an estimated 45,000 people; the Armero tragedy kills over 23,000 people after the eruption of Nevado del Ruiz in Colombia; the Live Aid concerts raise millions for famine relief in Ethiopia; the Palace of Justice siege leaves over 100 people dead in Bogotá, Colombia; the Iran–Contra affair reveals secret U.S. arms sales to Iran and the Contras; Japan Air Lines Flight 123 crashes, killing 520 people and becoming the deadliest single-airplane crash in history; the 1985 MOVE bombing kills 11 people in Philadelphia; the inaugural WrestleMania I launches the 1980s professional wrestling boom; and the Nintendo Entertainment System is released in North America, revitalizing the video game industry. 1985 1985 The year 1985 was designated as the International Youth Year by the United Nations. 2 Events January January 1 The Internet's Domain Name System is created.May 2025 Greenland withdraws from the European Economic Community as a result of a new agreement on fishing rights.Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Committee for Fisheries Problems of Trade in Fishery Products https://books.google.com/books?id=_GcTAAAAYAAJ 1985 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 978-92-64-12775-3 157 January 7 – Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency launches Sakigake, Japan's first interplanetary spacecraft and the first deep space probe to be launched by any country other than the United States or the Soviet Union. January 15 – Tancredo Neves is elected president of Brazil by the Congress, ending the 21-year military rule.John Higley Richard Gunther Higley John Elites and Democratic Consolidation in Latin America and Southern Europe https://books.google.com/books?id=mkfEamELMFAC&pg=PA264 1992 Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-42422-6 264 January 27 – The Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) is formed, in Tehran.Central Asia Monitor https://books.google.com/books?id=1QppAAAAMAAJ 1994 Central Asia Monitor 16 January 28 – The charity single record "We Are the World" is recorded by USA for Africa.Bob Smith Salim Amin The Man Who Moved the World https://books.google.com/books?id=5AcuDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA85 20 December 2013 Master Publishing 978-9966-052-03-2 85 February February 4 – The border between Gibraltar and Spain reopens for the first time since Francisco Franco closed it in 1969.J. Paxton The Statesman's Year-Book 1985–86 https://books.google.com/books?id=EtnMDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA551 27 December 2016 Springer 978-0-230-27114-2 551 February 5 – Australia cancels its involvement in U.S.-led MX missile tests.Hawke Withdraws Support For MX Missile Tests https://apnews.com/article/ae87819e71f028bfc071a3ef54bdab0c AP NEWS 23 February 2021 February 9 – U.S. drug agent Kiki Camarena is kidnapped and murdered in Mexico by drug traffickers; his body is later discovered on March 5.United States. Drug Enforcement Administration Drug Enforcement Administration: A Tradition of Excellence, 1973–2003 https://books.google.com/books?id=_Xr2lKmWdjUC&pg=PA63 2003 U.S. Department of Justice, Drug Enforcement Administration 63 February 14 – Lebanon hostage crisis: CNN reporter Jeremy Levin is freed from captivity in Lebanon.U.S. TV Reporter Free In Lebanon The New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/1985/02/15/world/us-tv-reporter-free-in-lebanon.html?scp=16&sq=%22Jeremy%20Levin%20%22&st=cse 1985-02-15 2009-10-15 John Kifner February 16 Israel begins withdrawing troops from Lebanon. The ideology of Hezbollah is declared in a program issued in Beirut. February 19 William J. Schroeder becomes the first patient with an artificial heart to leave the hospital.Altman Lawrence K. August 7, 1986 WILLIAM SCHROEDER DIES 620 DAYS AFTER RECEIVING ARTIFICIAL HEART The New York Times https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?sec=health&res=9A0DE5D9153DF934A3575BC0A960948260 2008-09-20Altman Lawrence K. August 10, 1986 A HERO OF MEDICINE; Schroeder, Longest User of Jarvik Device, Helped Prove Hearts Can Be Replaced The New York Times https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?sec=health&res=9A0DE5DB1238F933A2575BC0A960948260 2008-09-20Kleist Trina 1986-08-16 Schroeder's struggle lasts 620 days – artificial heart recipient William J. Schroeder Science News Science Service, Inc. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1200/is_v130/ai_4610579 https://web.archive.org/web/20050528183839/http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1200/is_v130/ai_4610579 usurped 130 May 28, 2005 2008-09-20 Iberia Airlines Flight 610 crashes, killing all 148 on board.Accident description http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19850219-1 10 November 2013 Aviation Safety Network Flight Safety Foundation China Airlines Flight 006 is involved in a mid-air incident; while there are 22 minor injuries and 2 serious injuries, no one is killed.https://ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/AAR8603.pdf https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/AAR8603.pdf 2022-10-09 live Aircraft accident report : China Airlines Boeing 747-SP, N4522V, 300 nautical miles northwest of San Francisco, California, February 19, 1985 29 March 1986 National Transportation Safety Board NTSB/AAR-86/03 2019-04-30 February 25 – Tears for Fears release their second studio album, Songs from the Big Chair, which includes the hit singles "Shout" and "Everybody Wants to Rule the World."Tears For Fears - Songs From The Big Chair 1985 https://www.discogs.com/master/43063-Tears-For-Fears-Songs-From-The-Big-Chair 2025-10-02 en February 28 – The Provisional Irish Republican Army carries out a mortar attack on the Royal Ulster Constabulary police station at Newry in Northern Ireland. With nine officers dead, it is the highest loss of life for the RUC on a single day.11 March 1985 Northern Ireland Bloody Day http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,962598-1,00.html https://web.archive.org/web/20110524050114/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,962598-1,00.html dead May 24, 2011 21 April 2007 TIME31 October 2001 The RUC: Lauded and condemned https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/uk/2000/ruc_reform/780311.stm 21 April 2007 BBC March March – The GNU Manifesto, written by Richard Stallman, is first published.Debra Cameron Bill Rosenblatt Eric Raymond Eric S. Raymond Learning GNU Emacs https://books.google.com/books?id=-RtYk55cqfgC&pg=PA471 1996 O'Reilly Media, Inc. 978-1-56592-152-8 471 March 1 – After a 12-year-long dictatorship, Julio María Sanguinetti is sworn in as the first democratically elected President of Uruguay.Brian C. Hanon Marketing in Uruguay https://books.google.com/books?id=087mRwzAvIEC&pg=PA3 1986 U.S. Department of Commerce, International Trade Administration 3 March 3 – The 8.0 w y Algarrobo earthquake hits Santiago and Valparaíso, Chile, leaving 177 dead, 2,575 injured, 142,489 houses destroyed, and approximately a million people homeless.http://www.sismologia.cl/home/terrem.html Sismos importantes o destructivos desde 1570 University of Chile Seismologic Service Spanish September 12, 2010 Santiago de Chile https://web.archive.org/web/20061231163803/http://www.sismologia.cl/home/terrem.html 31 December 2006 dead March 6 – Greek Prime Minister Andreas Papandreou instigated a constitutional crisis to divert voter's attention from the deterioration of the Greek economy, by suddenly not supporting Konstantinos Karamanlis for a second term as President of Greece and violating constitutional voting protocol to get his presidential candidate to power. At the same time, he proposed a constitutional reforms to remove constitutional checks and balances constraining his position.Clogg Richard Richard Clogg The Journal of Modern Hellenism 2 1 103–112 1985 The 1985 Constitutional Crisis in Greece https://journals.sfu.ca/jmh/index.php/jmh/article/download/51/45 March 8 – A Beirut car bomb, planted in an attempt to assassinate Islamic cleric Sayyed Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah, kills more than 80 people and injures 200 more.https://www.theguardian.com/fromthearchive/story/0,,1432945,00.html The Guardian London 60 killed by Beirut car bomb 9 March 1985 20 April 2010 March 11 Mikhail Gorbachev becomes General Secretary of the Soviet Communist Party and de facto leader of the Soviet Union.https://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/11/newsid_2538000/2538327.stm 1985: Gorbachev becomes Soviet leader BBC On This Day March 11, 1985 January 21, 2021 Mohamed Al-Fayed buys the London-based department store company Harrods.https://www.theguardian.com/business/2015/mar/12/mohamed-al-fayed-harrods From the archive, 12 March 1985: Mohamed Al Fayed buys Harrods Geoffrey Gibbs 12 March 2015 The Guardian January 21, 2021 March 15 – Vice-president José Sarney, upon becoming vice president, assumes the duties of president of Brazil, as the new president Tancredo Neves had become severely ill the day before. Sarney would later become Brazil's first civilian president in 21 years, upon Neves' death on April 21.Thomas Griffin Sanders Brazil's New Republic: Tancredo to Sarney https://books.google.com/books?id=avErAAAAYAAJ 1985 Universities Field Staff International 10 March 16 – Lebanon hostage crisis: US journalist Terry Anderson is taken hostage in Beirut; he remains a prisoner until December 4, 1991.United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Immigration and Claims Justice for Victims of Terrorism Act: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Immigration and Claims of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixth Congress, Second Session, on H.R. 3485, April 13, 2000 https://books.google.com/books?id=mk7fJGBvl-4C&pg=PA21 2000 U.S. Government Printing Office 978-0-16-064552-5 21 March 17 – Expo '85, an international exhibition, opens in Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, running until September 16.Pacific Basin Study Mission: Report to the Committee on Science and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives, Ninety-eighth Congress, First Session https://books.google.com/books?id=L70o-ZauszgC&pg=PA52 1983 U.S. Government Printing Office 52 March 18 – Australia's longest-running soap opera, Neighbours, debuts on Seven Network.https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/an-institution-turns-20-20050714-ge0i9t.html An Institution Turns 20 The Age Melbourne Michael Idato 14 July 2005 22 December 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20100714121645/http://www.theage.com.au/news/tv--radio/an-institution-turns-20/2005/07/12/1120934248710.html 14 July 2010 live March 21 – Canadian paraplegic athlete and activist Rick Hansen sets out on his 26-month, 40,000 km mi on Man in Motion tour, which raises US$26 million for spinal cord research and quality-of-life initiatives.Thomas Cussans Incredible Journeys: The Stories Behind 60 Remarkable Adventures Over Land, Sea and Air https://books.google.com/books?id=yCiL_EwrRYYC&pg=PA242 5 May 2009 Pavilion Books 978-1-84340-534-4 242 March 25 The 57th Academy Awards are held in Los Angeles, with Amadeus winning Best Picture.https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1985 The 57th Academy Awards, 1985 Oscars.org October 5, 2014 January 21, 2021 The Organization Commune Africaine et Malgache is officially dissolved.Terry M. Mays Historical Dictionary of International Organizations in Africa and the Middle East https://books.google.com/books?id=H6vxCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA19 18 June 2015 Rowman & Littlefield Publishers 978-1-4422-5018-5 19 March 29 - two Lockheed CC-130H Hercules of the RCAF collided mid-air above the Canadian Forces base in Edmonton killing 10 servicemen. March 31 – The inaugural WrestleMania is held in Madison Square Garden, New York, and is "main-evented" by Hulk Hogan and Mr. T vs. Paul Orndorff and Roddy Piper in a tag-team match. April Soviet–Afghan War: The Soviet Union begins to transfer the burden of fighting the mujahideen to the armed forces of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, a cause of the Revolutions of 1989. April 1 – Telegraph and Telephone Public Corporation, and Japan Tobacco and Salt Public Corporation, are privatized and change their names to Nippon Telegraph and Telephone, and Japan Tobacco, respectively. April 12 – El Descanso bombing: A terrorist bombing attributed to the Islamic Jihad Organization in the El Descanso restaurant near Madrid, Spain, mostly attended by U.S. personnel from the Torrejón Air Base, causes 18 deaths (all Spaniards) and 82 injuries. April 15 – South Africa ends its ban on interracial marriages.Frederic Eckhard Issues Before the 40th General Assembly of the United Nations 1985–1986 https://books.google.com/books?id=AwsikJWYZt8C December 1985 United Nations Association of the United States of America 978-0-934654-61-6 25 April 19 – The Soviet Union performs a nuclear weapon test in eastern Kazakhstan. April 23 – Coca-Cola changes its formula and releases New Coke. The response is overwhelmingly negative and the original formula is back on the market in less than three months. April 28 – The Australian Nuclear Disarmament Party (NDP) splits. May May 4 – The 30th Eurovision Song Contest takes place in Gothenburg, Sweden and is won by the Bobbysocks! song La det swinge for Norway.https://eurovision.tv/event/gothenburg-1985 Gothenburg 1985 Eurovision Song Contest March 1, 2021 May 5 – U.S. President Ronald Reagan joins West German Chancellor Helmut Kohl for a controversial funeral service at a cemetery in Bitburg, West Germany, which includes the graves of 59 elite S.S. troops from World War II.http://www.vlib.us/amdocs/texts/reagan051985.html Ronald Reagan: Remarks at a Joint German-American Military Ceremony at Bitburg Air Base in the Federal Republic of Germany March 2, 2021 May 9 – The 3rd total Victory Day Parade (the first being in 1945 and the next in 1965) is held on Red Square in Moscow in the Soviet Union. It features T-34-85 tanks, veterans of World War II from Poland, Czechoslovakia and the Soviet Union, and is the first parade to be held during the reign of Mikhail Gorbachev. May 11 The FBI brings charges against the suspected heads of the five Mafia families in New York City. Bradford City stadium fire: A fire engulfs a wooden stand at the Valley Parade stadium in Bradford, England, during an Association football match, killing 56 people.https://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/may/11/newsid_2523000/2523561.stm Fans killed in Bradford stadium fire 11 May 1985 2 December 2008 BBC News live https://web.archive.org/web/20080307113041/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/may/11/newsid_2523000/2523561.stm 7 March 2008 May 13 – Philadelphia police drop bombs on a row home occupied MOVE during a gun battle between police and MOVE, killing six adults and five childrenCleaver Kathleen Neal 1993 Philadelphia fire http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10402659308425758 Peace Review en 5 4 467–474 10.1080/10402659308425758 1040-2659 subscription May 15 – Argentine President Raúl Alfonsín terminates Argentine administration of the Falkland Islands but does not relinquish Argentina's claim to the islands. May 16 – Scientists of the British Antarctic Survey announce the discovery of the ozone hole.Penguin Pocket On This Day Penguin Reference Library 978-0-14-102715-9 2006Large losses of total ozone in Antarctica reveal seasonal ClOx/NOx interaction 207–10 Farman J.C. Joe Farman Gardiner B.G. Brian G. Gardiner (meteorologist) Shanklin J.D. Jon Shanklin Nature 1985 10.1038/315207a0 315 6016 1985Natur.315..207F 434646810.1111/j.1533-8525.1994.tb00419.x Stephen C. Zehr Accounting for the Ozone Hole: Scientific Representations of an Anomaly and Prior Incorrect Claims in Public Settings The Sociological Quarterly 35 4 603–19 1994 4121521 May 25 – Approximately 10,000 people are killed when Bangladesh is affected by the storm surge from Tropical Storm One (1B). May 26 – Young driver Danny Sullivan beats veteran Mario Andretti to win the 1985 Indianapolis 500.He appears on the cover of Sports Illustrated. May 29 – Heysel Stadium disaster: Thirty-nine spectators are killed in rioting on the terraces during the European Cup final between Liverpool F.C. and Juventus (0–1) at Heysel Stadium in Brussels, Belgium. May 31 – Forty-four tornadoes hit Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York and Ontario, including a rare and powerful F5. In total, the event kills 90 people. June June 6 – The remains of Josef Mengele, the physician notorious for Nazi human experimentation on inmates of Auschwitz concentration camp, buried in 1979 under the name of Wolfgang Gerhard, are exhumed in Embu das Artes, Brazil.In the Matter of Josef Mengele: A Report to the Attorney General of the United States https://books.google.com/books?id=8Ma-JtWs3mkC&pg=PT18 1992 U.S. Department of Justice, Criminal Division 18 June 14 TWA Flight 847, carrying 153 passengers from Athens to Rome, is hijacked by a Hezbollah fringe group. One passenger, U.S. Navy Petty Officer Robert Stethem, is killed. Greek police arrest a 65-year-old Lebanese suspect on September 21, 2019.Fox News Robert Gearty September 21, 2019 September 21, 2019 Greek police arrest suspect in 1985 TWA Flight 847 hijacking https://www.foxnews.com/world/greek-police-arrest-suspect-in-1985-twa-flight-847-hijacking The Schengen Agreement is signed between certain member states of the European Economic Community, creating the Schengen Area, a bloc of (at the time) 5 states with no internal border controls.Council of the European Union The Schengen Acquis: Integrated Into the European Union https://books.google.com/books?id=LwelhZ99ujUC 2001 Office for Official Publications of the European Communities 978-92-824-1776-8 6 June 15 – Studio Ghibli, an animation studio, is founded in Tokyo.Miyazakiworld: A Life in Art Napier Susan J. Susan J. Napier Yale University Press 2018 978-0-300-22685-0 91 June 20 – 1985 Nepal bombings: A series of bomb blasts occurs in Kathmandu and other cities of Nepal.Bowman, John Stewart. Columbia Chronologies of Asian History and Culture. New York: Columbia University Press, 2000. p. 398 June 22 – British and Irish police foil a "mainland bombing campaign" sponsored by the Provisional Irish Republican Army which targets luxury vacation resorts. June 23 – Air India Flight 182, a Boeing 747, is blown up by a terrorist bomb 31,000 feet (9,500 m) above the Atlantic Ocean, south of Ireland, on a Montreal–London–Delhi flight, killing all 329 aboard.23018688 46 The Air India Report and the Regulation of Charities and Terrorism Financing Roach Kent The University of Toronto Law Journal 2011 61 1 10.3138/utlj.61.1.045 June 24 – STS-51-G: Space Shuttle Discovery completes its mission, best remembered for having Sultan bin Salman Al Saud, the first Arab and first Muslim in space, as a payload specialist.STS-51G - NASA https://www.nasa.gov/mission/sts-51g/ 2025-09-28 en-US June 26 – The iconic U.S. Route 66 is officially decommissioned. 1985S yes yes April 16, 2014 July thumb|250px|Live Aid at JFK Stadium in Philadelphia July 1 – The Convention on the Transfer of Sentenced Persons enters into force.Convention on the Transfer of Sentenced Persons (Strasbourg, 21 March 1983) [2003] ATS 6 https://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/viewdoc/au/other/dfat/treaties/2003/6.html 2025-09-10 www.austlii.edu.au July 10 The Greenpeace vessel Rainbow Warrior is bombed and sunk in Auckland Harbour by French DGSE agents.Bombing of the Rainbow Warrior a reminder of the power of persistence and resistance, hope and action, to change the world https://www.greenpeace.org.au/news/bombing-of-the-rainbow-warrior-a-reminder-of-the-power-of-persistence-and-resistance-hope-and-action-to-change-the-world/ 2025-09-14 Greenpeace Australia Pacific en-US Aeroflot Flight 5143 crashes near Uchquduq, Uzbek SSR, Soviet Union, killing all 200 people on board. July 13 – Live Aid benefit concerts in London and Philadelphia raise over £50 million for famine relief in Ethiopia. July 19 New Hampshire teacher Christa McAuliffe is selected as the first person to go into space under the Teacher in Space Project, and designated to ride aboard the Space Shuttle Challenger.http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=38909 Remarks of the Vice President Announcing the Winner of the Teacher in Space Project March 16, 2009 July 19, 1985 The American Presidency Project The Val di Stava dam collapses in Italy, killing 268 people, destroying 63 buildings, and demolishing eight bridges. July 20 – Apartheid: State President of South Africa, P. W. Botha, declares a state of emergency in 36 magisterial districts of South Africa amid growing civil unrest in black townships. August August 2 – Delta Air Lines Flight 191 crashes near Dallas, Texas, United States, killing 137 people. August 12 – Japan Air Lines Flight 123 crashes in Japan, killing 520 people, including Japanese singer Kyu Sakamoto; it is the worst single-aircraft disaster in aviation history. There were only 4 survivors.Ranter Harro ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 747SR-46 JA8119 Ueno https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19850812-1 October 23, 2023 aviation-safety.net Aviation Safety Network August 14 – The Accomarca massacre takes place in Ayacucho, Peru. August 22 – British Airtours Flight 28M: The 737's left engine catches fire while on its takeoff roll at Manchester Airport in the UK and 55 people are killed while trying to evacuate the aircraft.Service held to mark 1985 Manchester air disaster https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-11050362 BBC News 22 August 2010 18 November 2015 August 25 – Bar Harbor Airlines Flight 1808 crashes in the United States, killing all 8 on board, including thirteen-year-old American celebrity schoolgirl Samantha Smith.Andropov's Pal Samantha Smith Dies in Plane Crash https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-08-26-mn-26337-story.html 14 May 2017 Los Angeles Times Associated Press 26 August 1985 https://web.archive.org/web/20160310124254/http://articles.latimes.com/1985-08-26/news/mn-26337_1_samantha-smith 10 March 2016 live September September 1 – The wreck of the RMS Titanic is located by a joint American-French expedition led by Robert Ballard (WHOI) and Jean-Louis Michel (IFREMER) using side-scan sonar from RV Knorr.Sept. 2, 1985: Hey, Everyone, We Found the Titanic Randy Alfred https://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2008/09/dayintech_0902 2008-02-09 2011-11-03 Wired September 6 – Midwest Express Airlines Flight 105, a McDonnell Douglas DC-9, crashes just after takeoff from Milwaukee, killing all 31 on board. September 13 – Super Mario Bros by Nintendo, the start of the Mario series, officially comes out. September 19 – An 8.0 w y earthquake strikes Mexico City, killing between 5,000 and 45,000 people and injuring 30,000 more. September 20 – The capital gains tax is introduced to Australia.http://www.ato.gov.au/businesses/content.aspx?doc=/content/64155.htm Redirect ato.gov.au dead https://web.archive.org/web/20120114111844/http://www.ato.gov.au/businesses/content.aspx?doc=%2Fcontent%2F64155.htm January 14, 2012 September 22 The Plaza Accord is signed by five nations.Furuse Takayuki 30 years after Plaza Accord, nations' currency goals evolve https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2015/09/22/national/history/30-years-plaza-accord-nations-currency-goals-evolve/ The Japan Times 21 May 2021 2015-09-22 Artists Christo and Jeanne-Claude wrap the Pont Neuf, the oldest bridge in Paris, for two weeks (22 Sep. – 5 Oct. 1985). The Pont Neuf Wrapped attracts three million visitors.Fineberg Jonathan David Christo and Jeanne-Claude: On the Way to The Gates, Central Park, New York City 2004 en 978-0-300-10405-9 Yale University Press thumb|The Pont Neuf wrapped. Paris, 1985, Sep 22 - Oct 5 September 23 – Italian crime reporter Giancarlo Siani is killed by the Camorra. October October 1 – Operation Wooden Leg: The Israeli air force bombs Palestine Liberation Organization headquarters near Tunis. October 3 – The Space Shuttle Atlantis makes its maiden flight. October 7 – The cruise ship Achille Lauro is hijacked in the Mediterranean Sea by four heavily armed Palestinian terrorists. One passenger, American Leon Klinghoffer, is killed. October 16 – The Finnish dry cargo ship MS Hanna-Marjut, on its way from Mariehamn to Naantali, sinks in hard sea on the open water of Kihti between the Kökar and Sottunga islands of Åland, leading to the drowning of four people.Vaheri-Hyvärinen-Saari: Hanna-Marjut – Hylyt.net (in Finnish)M/S Hanna Marjut – Wrecksite.eu October 18 – The Nintendo Entertainment System is released in North America, helping revitalize the home video game industry after the video game crash of 1983.https://www.aol.com/articles/43-years-ago-nintendo-launched-185513000.html 43 years ago Nintendo launched the NES in America AOL July 17, 2026 October 19 - The first Blockbuster store opened in Dallas, Texas.http://www.businessweek.com/chapter/chap0009.htm The Making of a Blockbuster Bloomberg Businessweek September 3, 2025 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20101113051837/http://www.businessweek.com/chapter/chap0009.htm November 13, 2010 October 25 – The airline Emirates is established in Dubai and makes its first flight, to Karachi, Pakistan. November November 6 Palace of Justice siege: Members of the 19th of April Movement (M-19) Marxist guerrilla group take over the Palace of Justice of Colombia in Bogotá and hold the Supreme Court hostage. Hours later, after a military raid, the incident leaves almost half of the 25 Supreme Court Justices dead. The Argentine tourist village of Villa Epecuén is permanently flooded through the collapse of a dam and dyke. November 9 – In an all-Soviet match, 22-year-old Garry Kasparov defeats Anatoly Karpov to become the youngest-ever undisputed winner of the World Chess Championship. November 12 – A total solar eclipse occurs over Antarctica at 14:11:22 UTC. November 13 – Armero tragedy: The Nevado del Ruiz volcano erupts, killing an estimated 23,000 people, including 21,000 killed by lahars, in the town of Armero, Colombia. November 19 – Cold War: In Geneva, U.S. President Ronald Reagan and Soviet Union leader Mikhail Gorbachev meet for the first time. November 20 – Microsoft Corporation releases the first U.S. release of Windows 1.0, as version 1.01.Edwards Benj August 24, 2021 35 Years of Microsoft Windows: Remembering Windows 1.0 https://www.howtogeek.com/700661/35-years-of-microsoft-windows-remembering-windows-1.0/ April 15, 2022 How-To Geek en-US February 5, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220205015926/https://www.howtogeek.com/700661/35-years-of-microsoft-windows-remembering-windows-1.0/ live International support comes with the release of Windows 1.02 in Europe in May 1986.2015-11-19 Tech Rewind: Interesting facts about Microsoft Windows 1.0 https://www.mid-day.com/lifestyle/health-and-fitness/article/tech-rewind--interesting-facts-about-microsoft-windows-1.0-16696182 2023-10-24 Mid-day en November 23 – EgyptAir Flight 648 is hijacked by the Abu Nidal group and flown to Malta, where Egyptian commandos storm the plane; 60 are killed by gunfire and explosions. November 25 – 1985 Aeroflot Antonov An-12 shoot-down: A Soviet Aeroflot Antonov An-12 cargo airplane, en route from Cuito Cuanavale to Luanda, is shot down by South African Special Forces and crashes approximately 43 km mi on east of Menongue, the provincial center of the Cuando Cubango Province, Angola, killing 8 crew members and 13 passengers on board. November 29 – Gérard Hoarau, exiled political leader from the Seychelles, is assassinated in London. December December 1 The Organization of Ibero-American States for Education, Science and Culture (Spanish: Organización e Estados Iberoamericanos para la Educación la Ciencia y la Cultura; OEI) is created. The Ford Taurus and Mercury Sable are released for sale to the public in the US. December 8 – The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is established. December 11 – Hugh Scrutton is killed outside his Sacramento, California, computer rental store by a Unabomber explosive, becoming the first fatality of the bombing campaign. December 12 – Arrow Air Flight 1285R, a Douglas DC-8, crashes after takeoff from Gander, Newfoundland, killing 256 people – 248 of whom were U.S. servicemen returning to Fort Campbell, Kentucky, after overseeing a peacekeeping force in the Sinai Peninsula.https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=BD0yAAAAIBAJ&pg=1698%2C1240370 Montreal Gazette news services Terror bomb ruled out in Canada's worst crash December 13, 1985 A1 December 20 – Pope John Paul II announces the institution of World Youth Day for Catholic youths. December 27 Rome and Vienna airport attacks: Abu Nidal terrorists open fire in the airports of Rome and Vienna, leaving 18 dead and 120 injured. American naturalist Dian Fossey is found brutally murdered in Rwanda. Date unknown The fullerene Buckminsterfullerene (C60) is first intentionally prepared by Harold Kroto, James R. Heath, Sean O'Brien, Robert Curl and Richard Smalley at Rice University in the US. DNA is first used in a criminal case.Gaines Larry Miller, LeRoy Criminal Justice In Action: The Core 2006 Thomson/Wadsworth 978-0-495-00305-2 The 1983–85 famine in Ethiopia continues; USA for Africa (We Are the World) and Live Aid raise funds for famine relief. The Union for Aromanian Language and Culture, an Aromanian cultural organization, is founded in Freiburg im Breisgau by the Aromanian professor Vasile Barba bg Василе Барба.https://evz.ro/lali-vasili-a-stat-20-de-zile-pe-pamant-dupa-moarte-901037.html "Lali Vasili a stat 20 de zile pe pământ după moarte" Adam Popescu Evenimentul Zilei 4 October 2010 ro Africa has a population growth of 3.2 percent per year. World population World population19851980199050px World4,830,979,0004,434,682,000396,297,000 10px5,263,593,000432,614,000 10px50px Africa541,814,000469,618,00072,196,000 10px622,443,00080,629,000 10px50px Asia2,887,552,0002,632,335,000255,217,000 10px3,167,807,000280,255,000 10px50px Europe706,009,000692,431,00013,578,000 10px721,582,00015,573,000 10px50px South America401,469,000361,401,00040,068,000 10px441,525,00040,056,000 10px50px North America269,456,000256,068,00013,388,000 10px283,549,00014,093,000 10px50px Oceania24,678,00022,828,0001,850,000 10px26,687,0002,009,000 10px Births and deaths Category:1985 births Deaths in 1985 Nobel Prizes right|120px Physics – Klaus von Klitzing Chemistry – Herbert A. Hauptman, Jerome Karle Literature – Claude Simon Peace – International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War Economics – Franco Modigliani Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine – Michael Stuart Brown, Joseph L. Goldstein References