1942 Arakan massacres

Part of the Japanese invasion of Burma during World War II August 2026 June 2023 Arakan massacres in 1942 the Burma Campaign in the South-East Asian theatre of World War II Arakan, Burma (present-day Rakhine State, Myanmar) people in Arakan State 1942 60,000August 2026http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs14/ARAKAN-Racism_to_Rohingya-red.pdf Racism to Rohingya in Burma Burma Library 29 June 2023August 2026 People in Arakan State Imperial Japanese Armed Forces During World War II, Japanese forces invaded Burma (now Myanmar), which was then under British colonial rule. The British forces retreated and, in the power vacuum left behind, considerable violence erupted between pro-Japanese Buddhist Rakhine and pro-British Muslim villagers. As part of the 'stay-behind' strategy to impede the Japanese advance, the Commander-in-Chief of forces in Delhi, Wavell, established "V-Force", which armed Rohingya locals in northern Arakan to create a buffer zone from Japanese invasion when they retreated.Defeat Into Victory: Battling Japan in Burma and India, 1942–1945 Field-Marshal Viscount William Slim 2009 Pan London 978-0330509978 The period also witnessed violence between groups loyal to the British and Burmese nationalists. Inter communal violence Tensions boiling in Arakan before the war erupted during the Japanese invasion of Southeast Asia, and Arakan became the frontline in the conflict. The war resulted in a complete breakdown of civil administration and consequent development of habits of lawlessness exacerbated by the availability of modern arms.September 2018 The Japanese advance triggered an inter-communal conflict between Muslims and Buddhists. The Muslims fled towards British-controlled, Muslim-dominated northern Arakan from Japanese-controlled Buddhist-majority areas, which stimulated a genocide of Rakhine Buddhists in British-controlled areas, particularly around Maungdaw. The failure of a British counter-offensive, attempted from December 1942 to April 1943, resulted in the abandonment of even more of the Muslim population as well as an increase in inter-communal violence.https://books.google.com/books?id=ehCWYZ13SPsC&pg=PA165 A Modern History of Southeast Asia: Decolonization, Nationalism and Separatism I.B. Tauris 164, 165–167 1998 Clive J. Christie 9781860643545 Moshe Yegar, a research fellow at Truman Institute, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, noted that hostility had developed between the Muslims and the Buddhists who had brought about a similar hostility in other parts of Burma. This tension was let loose with the retreat of the British. With the approach of the Japanese into Arakan, the Buddhists instigated cruel measures against the Muslims. Thousands, though the exact number is unknown, fled from Buddhist-majority regions to eastern Bengal and northern Arakan, with many being killed or dying of starvation. The Muslims in response conducted retaliatory raids from British-controlled areas, massacring scores of Buddhists and causing many Buddhists to flee to southern Arakan.https://books.google.com/books?id=S5q7qxi5LBgC&pg=PA33 Between Integration and Secession: The Muslim Communities of the Southern Philippines, Southern Thailand, and Western Burma/Myanmar Lexington Books 33–35 2002 Moshe Yegar 9780739103562 Aye Chan, a historian at Kanda University in Japan, has written that, as a consequence of acquiring arms from the Allies during World War II, Rohingyas tried to destroy the collaborationist Arakanese villages instead of resisting the Japanese.September 2018 Chan agrees that hundreds of Muslims fled to northern Arakan but states that the accounts of atrocities on them were exaggerated.September 2018 The British Army's liaison officer Anthony Irwin, in contrast, praised the role of the V Force.Chan (Kanda University of International Studies) Aye Autumn 2005 The Development of a Muslim Enclave in Arakan (Rakhine) State of Burma (Myanmar) SOAS Bulletin of Burma Research 3 2 396–420 1479-8484 http://www.soas.ac.uk/sbbr/editions/file64388.pdf 3 July 2013 12 July 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130712065830/http://www.soas.ac.uk/sbbr/editions/file64388.pdf dead Muslims from Northern Rakhine State tortured, raped, and killed more than 20,000 Arakanese, including the Deputy Commissioner U Oo Kyaw Khaing.Background of Rohingya Problem Kyaw Zan Tha, MA July 2008 1September 2017 In return the Buddhist also killed a large number of Rohingya Muslims.The Muslim massacre of 1942 https://web.archive.org/web/20170913054131/http://www.rohingya.org/portal/index.php/rohingya-library/26-rohingya-history/55-the-muslim-massacre-of-1942.html 2017-09-13 September 2017 The total casualty count of both parties in that conflict is not certain and no concrete official reference can be found.January 2023January 2023 Persecution by the Japanese forces Imperial Japanese forces slaughtered, raped, and tortured Rohingya Muslims and Indian Muslims. They expelled tens of thousands of Rohingya into Bengal in British India. The Japanese committed countless acts of rape, murder and torture against thousands of Rohingyas.https://books.google.com/books?id=jIxCUXI38zcC&q=rohingya+japanese&pg=PA263 Genocide and gross human rights violations: in comparative perspective Kurt Jonassohn 1999 Transaction Publishers 263 978-0765804174 12 April 2011 During this period, some 22,000 Rohingyas are believed to have crossed the border into Bengal, then part of British India, to escape the violence.https://books.google.com/books?id=oyzfkz1gcVsC&q=rohingya+japanese&pg=PA86 Protracted displacement in Asia: no place to call home Howard Adelman 2008 Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. 86 978-0754672388 12 April 2011https://books.google.com/books?id=gIOFAAAAMAAJ&q=Independence,+and+Rohingya+Flight+In+1942,+Japanese+forces+invaded+Burma+and+during+the+British+retreat+communal++22000+refugees Burma/Bangladesh: Burmese refugees in Bangladesh: still no durable solution Human Rights Watch (Organization) 2000 Human Rights Watch 6 12 April 2011 Defeated, 40,000 Rohingyas eventually fled to Chittagong after repeated massacres by the Burmese and Japanese forces.https://books.google.com/books?id=tdMtAQAAIAAJ&q=The+Burmans,+in+collaboration+with+the+Japanese,+massacred+many+Rohingyas+and+kicked+out+40000+refugees+to+Chittagong.11+In+the+post-colonial+period,+in+between+l959+and+l978,+there+were+multiple+major+Burmese+military+operations Asian profile, Volume 21 1993 Asian Research Service 312 12 April 2011 A British report stated that after massacres "the area then occupied by us was almost entirely Mussulman Country". See also List of massacres in Myanmar 1971 Bangladesh atrocities References External links History of the Rohingya People at Human Rights Watch Category:1942 in Burma Rohingya Massacre Category:Massacres in 1942 Category:Massacres committed by Japan Category:Massacres in Myanmar Category:Japanese war crimes in Burma Category:Rohingya conflict Category:Persecution of Buddhists Category:Japanese invasion of Burma Category:War crimes by the British Empire and Commonwealth in World War II Category:Burma in World War II Category:Massacres of Muslims in Myanmar Category:Massacres in World War II Category:Pogroms Category:History of Rakhine Category:Massacres of Muslims